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... pure tone tinnitus can be suppressed equipotentially by tonic and burst stimulation, whereas noise-like tinnitus can best be suppressed by burst TMS and burst electrical stimulation. This suggests that also the underlying neurophysiological mechanism of pure-tone and noise-like tinnitus might differ ...
... pure tone tinnitus can be suppressed equipotentially by tonic and burst stimulation, whereas noise-like tinnitus can best be suppressed by burst TMS and burst electrical stimulation. This suggests that also the underlying neurophysiological mechanism of pure-tone and noise-like tinnitus might differ ...
18 Coordination in Behavior and Cognition
... means that the states are not xed but revisit a subset of states in a exible but reproducible way (e.g., metastability and bistable perception). The fact that the manifold is low dimensional is key for understanding how order can be synthesized from multiple interacting systems, like neurons or ma ...
... means that the states are not xed but revisit a subset of states in a exible but reproducible way (e.g., metastability and bistable perception). The fact that the manifold is low dimensional is key for understanding how order can be synthesized from multiple interacting systems, like neurons or ma ...
Lights, Camembert, Action! - Human Reward and Decision Making lab
... (glucose), an affectively neutral taste (control tasteless solution), or by an aversive taste (saline). Significant effects were found in anterior OFC during anticipation, as well as receipt of, reward. These results have subsequently been confirmed in other paradigms, using different types of rewar ...
... (glucose), an affectively neutral taste (control tasteless solution), or by an aversive taste (saline). Significant effects were found in anterior OFC during anticipation, as well as receipt of, reward. These results have subsequently been confirmed in other paradigms, using different types of rewar ...
Reward-Related Responses in the Human Striatum
... and the participant was to press a button to indicate recognition. There were three oddballs: a reward (green upward arrow worth $1.50), a punishment (red downward arrow worth –$0.75), and a neutral oddball (a blue dash worth no monetary value). If the dorsal striatum is involved in the detection of ...
... and the participant was to press a button to indicate recognition. There were three oddballs: a reward (green upward arrow worth $1.50), a punishment (red downward arrow worth –$0.75), and a neutral oddball (a blue dash worth no monetary value). If the dorsal striatum is involved in the detection of ...
Descartes` Error: Emotion, Reason, and the Human Brain
... space, where we may put the instruments of logic to good use. We are faced by uncertainty when we have to make a moral judgment, decide on the course of a personal relationship, choose some means to prevent our being penniless in old age, or plan for the life that lies ahead. Emotion and feeling, al ...
... space, where we may put the instruments of logic to good use. We are faced by uncertainty when we have to make a moral judgment, decide on the course of a personal relationship, choose some means to prevent our being penniless in old age, or plan for the life that lies ahead. Emotion and feeling, al ...
Responses to irrational actions in action
... and irrational actions. Past studies in this area report mixed results, so the present paper uses new stimuli which precisely control motion path, the social form of the actor and the rationality of the action. A cluster in medial prefrontal cortex and a large cluster in the right inferior parietal ...
... and irrational actions. Past studies in this area report mixed results, so the present paper uses new stimuli which precisely control motion path, the social form of the actor and the rationality of the action. A cluster in medial prefrontal cortex and a large cluster in the right inferior parietal ...
Point-Light Biological Motion Perception Activates Human Premotor
... After functional scanning, a single structural volume for each subject was acquired using a T1-weighted magnetization-prepared rapid gradient echo (MPRAGE) sequence (TR, 10.5 msec; TE, 4.8 msec; flip angle, 11°; 1 ⫻ 1 ⫻ 1.5 mm voxels). This structural scan was used as an intermediate step in spatial ...
... After functional scanning, a single structural volume for each subject was acquired using a T1-weighted magnetization-prepared rapid gradient echo (MPRAGE) sequence (TR, 10.5 msec; TE, 4.8 msec; flip angle, 11°; 1 ⫻ 1 ⫻ 1.5 mm voxels). This structural scan was used as an intermediate step in spatial ...
View/Open - eDiss - Georg-August
... collisions were frequent and collision analysis retrieved 10–15% of additional spikes. Physiological identification of units described from intracellular recordings was hard to achieve therefore the focus was on comparing individual units. Recording the population activity of auditory neurons in one ...
... collisions were frequent and collision analysis retrieved 10–15% of additional spikes. Physiological identification of units described from intracellular recordings was hard to achieve therefore the focus was on comparing individual units. Recording the population activity of auditory neurons in one ...
Chapter 9 Sleep and Biological Rhythms
... visual association cortex but low in the inferior frontal cortex (concerned with planning, strategies) Eye movements during REM sleep may be related to the visual imagery that occurs while we dream Particular brain mechanisms that become active during a dream are those that would become active if th ...
... visual association cortex but low in the inferior frontal cortex (concerned with planning, strategies) Eye movements during REM sleep may be related to the visual imagery that occurs while we dream Particular brain mechanisms that become active during a dream are those that would become active if th ...
Neural Correlates of Perceived Brightness in the Retina, Lateral
... induction is consistent with other studies (Paradiso and Nakayama, 1991; Paradiso and Hahn, 1996), suggesting that a relatively slow mechanism integrates information over large areas of the visual field to assign the brightness we perceive at a given location. Brightness induction can be produced in ...
... induction is consistent with other studies (Paradiso and Nakayama, 1991; Paradiso and Hahn, 1996), suggesting that a relatively slow mechanism integrates information over large areas of the visual field to assign the brightness we perceive at a given location. Brightness induction can be produced in ...
Cerebral correlates of delta waves during non
... orbitofrontal cortex, and the anterior cingulate cortex (Fig. 1, left panel) are in agreement with that preceding work. However, since delta oscillations are more profuse during NREM sleep than during wakefulness in normal human subjects and as this study was aimed at exploring the cerebral correlat ...
... orbitofrontal cortex, and the anterior cingulate cortex (Fig. 1, left panel) are in agreement with that preceding work. However, since delta oscillations are more profuse during NREM sleep than during wakefulness in normal human subjects and as this study was aimed at exploring the cerebral correlat ...
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... number of stimulus-driven goal-directed cognitive tasks [29,30,37,49,50]. Building on an earlier meta-analysis [9], Shulman and colleagues showed that a node proximal to the DMN (i.e., the right temporo-parietal junction, TPJ) was suppressed during correct performance of a demanding visual search ta ...
... number of stimulus-driven goal-directed cognitive tasks [29,30,37,49,50]. Building on an earlier meta-analysis [9], Shulman and colleagues showed that a node proximal to the DMN (i.e., the right temporo-parietal junction, TPJ) was suppressed during correct performance of a demanding visual search ta ...
Cortical control of saccades and fixation in man
... intervals from each subject as they performed saccadic eye movements. Blocks of three different paradigms (Fig. 1), one central fixation (A) and two saccadic-remembered (B) and random (C)-were presented in palindromic order (ABCCBA) to negate fatigue or habituation effects. A horizontal light bar wa ...
... intervals from each subject as they performed saccadic eye movements. Blocks of three different paradigms (Fig. 1), one central fixation (A) and two saccadic-remembered (B) and random (C)-were presented in palindromic order (ABCCBA) to negate fatigue or habituation effects. A horizontal light bar wa ...
Visual Cortex and Control Processes Stimuli in Opposite Visual
... (ION), London, UK. All had normal or corrected visual acuity. Functional images were collected on a Sonata 1.5 Tesla Siemens MR system with standard head coil (Siemens, Erlangen, Germany), as T2*-weighted echoplanar image (EPI) whole-brain volumes every 2,880 ms. Each functional volume consisted of ...
... (ION), London, UK. All had normal or corrected visual acuity. Functional images were collected on a Sonata 1.5 Tesla Siemens MR system with standard head coil (Siemens, Erlangen, Germany), as T2*-weighted echoplanar image (EPI) whole-brain volumes every 2,880 ms. Each functional volume consisted of ...
pain and emotion interactions in subregions of the cingulate gyrus
... callosum (inset in panel a). The section was labelled with a neuron-specific nuclear-binding protein. No glia or vascular elements were stained, which ensures that only neuronal architecture is considered when analysing an area. In the inset, the short arrow indicates the border between the RSC and ...
... callosum (inset in panel a). The section was labelled with a neuron-specific nuclear-binding protein. No glia or vascular elements were stained, which ensures that only neuronal architecture is considered when analysing an area. In the inset, the short arrow indicates the border between the RSC and ...
Dynamics of Propofol-Induced Loss of Consciousness Across
... staggered length) separated by 400 m. The placement of arrays was guided by the landmarks on cortical surface (Fig. 1A) and stereotaxic coordinates (Saleem and Logothetis, 2012). A total of five arrays were implanted in Monkey E (two arrays in S1, one in S2, and two in PMv in the left hemisphere) a ...
... staggered length) separated by 400 m. The placement of arrays was guided by the landmarks on cortical surface (Fig. 1A) and stereotaxic coordinates (Saleem and Logothetis, 2012). A total of five arrays were implanted in Monkey E (two arrays in S1, one in S2, and two in PMv in the left hemisphere) a ...
AN INTEGRATIVE THEORY OF LOCUS
... mechanisms. The importance of arousal is undeniable: It is closely related to other phenomena such as sleep, attention, anxiety, stress, and motivation. Dampened arousal leads to drowsiness and, in the limit, sleep. Heightened arousal (brought on by the sudden appearance of an environmentally salien ...
... mechanisms. The importance of arousal is undeniable: It is closely related to other phenomena such as sleep, attention, anxiety, stress, and motivation. Dampened arousal leads to drowsiness and, in the limit, sleep. Heightened arousal (brought on by the sudden appearance of an environmentally salien ...
Role of the basal ganglia in conditional associative learning
... basis of what we sense in our environment. Often, we gaze at an object present in our peripersonnal space (e.g. a cup of coffee), attend to its features and place, reach toward it, and grasp it. Such movements were termed by Wise and colleagues (1996) standard sensorimotor mapping in that the moveme ...
... basis of what we sense in our environment. Often, we gaze at an object present in our peripersonnal space (e.g. a cup of coffee), attend to its features and place, reach toward it, and grasp it. Such movements were termed by Wise and colleagues (1996) standard sensorimotor mapping in that the moveme ...
A review of alpha activity in integrative brain function: Fundamental
... mental state, the cognitive task being performed and the cerebral location from which the EEG signal is being recorded. Although between the 1950s and 1980s, EEG was regarded as noise and human alpha activity only as the idling state of the brain, during the two decades between 1990 and 2010, a sign ...
... mental state, the cognitive task being performed and the cerebral location from which the EEG signal is being recorded. Although between the 1950s and 1980s, EEG was regarded as noise and human alpha activity only as the idling state of the brain, during the two decades between 1990 and 2010, a sign ...
Respiratory-related neurons of the fastigial nucleus in response to
... a dorsal approach and cut. The central end of the nerve was mounted on a bipolar recording electrode and then covered with petroleum jelly to prevent drying. Raw signals of the PN were filtered (300–3,000 Hz) and amplified by using a preamplifier (model P15, Grass Instruments) before being displayed ...
... a dorsal approach and cut. The central end of the nerve was mounted on a bipolar recording electrode and then covered with petroleum jelly to prevent drying. Raw signals of the PN were filtered (300–3,000 Hz) and amplified by using a preamplifier (model P15, Grass Instruments) before being displayed ...
Adaptive Gain and Optimal Performance
... mechanisms. The importance of arousal is undeniable: It is closely related to other phenomena such as sleep, attention, anxiety, stress, and motivation. Dampened arousal leads to drowsiness and, in the limit, sleep. Heightened arousal (brought on by the sudden appearance of an environmentally salien ...
... mechanisms. The importance of arousal is undeniable: It is closely related to other phenomena such as sleep, attention, anxiety, stress, and motivation. Dampened arousal leads to drowsiness and, in the limit, sleep. Heightened arousal (brought on by the sudden appearance of an environmentally salien ...
Receptive fields and suppressive fields in the
... Initial models proposed that these operations are weighted sums, with weights given by a neuron’s receptive field. These models explain the basic features of response selectivity. They were later extended to explain a number of suppressive effects originating within and outside the region of the rec ...
... Initial models proposed that these operations are weighted sums, with weights given by a neuron’s receptive field. These models explain the basic features of response selectivity. They were later extended to explain a number of suppressive effects originating within and outside the region of the rec ...
DECODING NEURONAL FIRING AND MODELING NEURAL
... The spike train produced by a single neuron can be extremely complex, reflecting in part the complexity of the underlying neuronal dynamics, problem ii). A method for analyzing neuronal spike trains based on a linear filter (Bialek 1989; Bialek et al., 1991; Reike, 1991) has been developed and appli ...
... The spike train produced by a single neuron can be extremely complex, reflecting in part the complexity of the underlying neuronal dynamics, problem ii). A method for analyzing neuronal spike trains based on a linear filter (Bialek 1989; Bialek et al., 1991; Reike, 1991) has been developed and appli ...
Histamine neurons in the tuberomamillary nucleus: a whole center
... brain regions, thus suggesting that these neurons are organized into functionally distinct circuits that influence different brain regions, and display selective control mechanisms. In keeping with these results, activation of c-fos after GSK189254 administration occurred in cortical areas and the T ...
... brain regions, thus suggesting that these neurons are organized into functionally distinct circuits that influence different brain regions, and display selective control mechanisms. In keeping with these results, activation of c-fos after GSK189254 administration occurred in cortical areas and the T ...
Can the negative deflections found with EEG on frontocentral
... diseases. An event-related potential (ERP) is a segment of the EEG signal starting from a specific event, most of the time on stimulus or response onset. These ERPs can be averaged, to create a smooth waveform with positive and negative deflections. In the literature a lot of specific deflections ar ...
... diseases. An event-related potential (ERP) is a segment of the EEG signal starting from a specific event, most of the time on stimulus or response onset. These ERPs can be averaged, to create a smooth waveform with positive and negative deflections. In the literature a lot of specific deflections ar ...
Functional magnetic resonance imaging
Functional magnetic resonance imaging or functional MRI (fMRI) is a functional neuroimaging procedure using MRI technology that measures brain activity by detecting associated changes in blood flow. This technique relies on the fact that cerebral blood flow and neuronal activation are coupled. When an area of the brain is in use, blood flow to that region also increases.The primary form of fMRI uses the blood-oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) contrast, discovered by Seiji Ogawa. This is a type of specialized brain and body scan used to map neural activity in the brain or spinal cord of humans or other animals by imaging the change in blood flow (hemodynamic response) related to energy use by brain cells. Since the early 1990s, fMRI has come to dominate brain mapping research because it does not require people to undergo shots, surgery, or to ingest substances, or be exposed to radiation, etc. Other methods of obtaining contrast are arterial spin labeling and diffusion MRI.The procedure is similar to MRI but uses the change in magnetization between oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor blood as its basic measure. This measure is frequently corrupted by noise from various sources and hence statistical procedures are used to extract the underlying signal. The resulting brain activation can be presented graphically by color-coding the strength of activation across the brain or the specific region studied. The technique can localize activity to within millimeters but, using standard techniques, no better than within a window of a few seconds.fMRI is used both in the research world, and to a lesser extent, in the clinical world. It can also be combined and complemented with other measures of brain physiology such as EEG and NIRS. Newer methods which improve both spatial and time resolution are being researched, and these largely use biomarkers other than the BOLD signal. Some companies have developed commercial products such as lie detectors based on fMRI techniques, but the research is not believed to be ripe enough for widespread commercialization.