PDF - Kalina Christoff
... 1995) – all of which have since developed into burgeoning sub-‐fields with dedicated journals, conferences, and research groups, and hundreds, if not thousands, of investigations of their neural correlates. The ...
... 1995) – all of which have since developed into burgeoning sub-‐fields with dedicated journals, conferences, and research groups, and hundreds, if not thousands, of investigations of their neural correlates. The ...
Gating of Sensory Input by Spontaneous Cortical Activity
... a semiautomatic algorithm (http://klustakwik.sourceforge.net) followed by manual clustering (http://klusters.sourceforge.net). Only neurons with firing rates higher than 1 Hz were used in further analysis, resulting in population sizes 17, 26, 32, and 45 for the four rats, respectively. After spike ...
... a semiautomatic algorithm (http://klustakwik.sourceforge.net) followed by manual clustering (http://klusters.sourceforge.net). Only neurons with firing rates higher than 1 Hz were used in further analysis, resulting in population sizes 17, 26, 32, and 45 for the four rats, respectively. After spike ...
Independent and Convergent Signals From the Pontomedullary
... treadmill where it rested quietly while the electrode was advanced slowly through the brain stem. As the electrode was advanced, stimuli were applied to the most effective spinal electrode to help in isolating RSNs with low or no spontaneous activity. When a neuron was isolated, stimulation was appl ...
... treadmill where it rested quietly while the electrode was advanced slowly through the brain stem. As the electrode was advanced, stimuli were applied to the most effective spinal electrode to help in isolating RSNs with low or no spontaneous activity. When a neuron was isolated, stimulation was appl ...
Ambient Noise Reduction for Portable PC`s and
... are wanted signals? What about the game's background music, not to mention the dog? Clearly, in the above complex situations, the definitions of wanted signals and unwanted noise are dependent upon human understanding of the context which, as of this writing, computer software cannot analyze and und ...
... are wanted signals? What about the game's background music, not to mention the dog? Clearly, in the above complex situations, the definitions of wanted signals and unwanted noise are dependent upon human understanding of the context which, as of this writing, computer software cannot analyze and und ...
PDF version - Richard Andersen
... from 50 to 270 ms, with median 110 ms. In area 7a, although the and S. These basic phases are common to neurons of both areas range was similar to that of LIP, typically the LS latencies were LIP and 7a. In each phase (LS, M, and S), individual neurons may or may not be active. Most LIP neurons, how ...
... from 50 to 270 ms, with median 110 ms. In area 7a, although the and S. These basic phases are common to neurons of both areas range was similar to that of LIP, typically the LS latencies were LIP and 7a. In each phase (LS, M, and S), individual neurons may or may not be active. Most LIP neurons, how ...
PDF of article - Janelia Research Campus
... The Drosophila brain is formed by an invariant set of lineages, each of which is derived from a unique neural stem cell (neuroblast) and forms a genetic and structural unit of the brain. The task of reconstructing brain circuitry at the level of individual neurons can be made significantly easier by ...
... The Drosophila brain is formed by an invariant set of lineages, each of which is derived from a unique neural stem cell (neuroblast) and forms a genetic and structural unit of the brain. The task of reconstructing brain circuitry at the level of individual neurons can be made significantly easier by ...
On the Role of the Pontine Brainstem in Vocal Pattern Generation: A
... and their suffering. All three experimental animals behaved normally to human caretakers and to other animals in the colony. Data analysis. Data analysis was performed using the software Spike2, version 5 (Cambridge Electronics Design). First, the original recording has been submitted to a spike-sor ...
... and their suffering. All three experimental animals behaved normally to human caretakers and to other animals in the colony. Data analysis. Data analysis was performed using the software Spike2, version 5 (Cambridge Electronics Design). First, the original recording has been submitted to a spike-sor ...
Social equality in the number of choice options is represented in the
... Acknowledgments: This work was supported by a Grant-in-Aid for the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Fellows to R. Aoki (#249856), Grand-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative areas to K. Matsumoto (#24120717), and a Tamagawa ...
... Acknowledgments: This work was supported by a Grant-in-Aid for the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Fellows to R. Aoki (#249856), Grand-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative areas to K. Matsumoto (#24120717), and a Tamagawa ...
Signals Conveyed in the Pulvinar Pathway from Superior Colliculus
... stimulus presentation, reward administration, the recording of eye pulses of biphasic current through semichronic stimulating electrodes in movements and neuronal activity, and the online display of results. We the SC and MT and looked for evoked spikes in the pulvinar neuron collected neuronal data ...
... stimulus presentation, reward administration, the recording of eye pulses of biphasic current through semichronic stimulating electrodes in movements and neuronal activity, and the online display of results. We the SC and MT and looked for evoked spikes in the pulvinar neuron collected neuronal data ...
Large-Scale Functional Connectivity in Associative Learning
... One approach to the study of the neural basis of learning and memory involves the exploration of how multiple brain regions interact in different learned behaviors (GonzalezLima and McIntosh 1994; McIntosh and Gonzalez-Lima 1994a). Rather than focusing on particular neural structures, the approach e ...
... One approach to the study of the neural basis of learning and memory involves the exploration of how multiple brain regions interact in different learned behaviors (GonzalezLima and McIntosh 1994; McIntosh and Gonzalez-Lima 1994a). Rather than focusing on particular neural structures, the approach e ...
Normalization as a canonical neural computation
... field of neuron j. A number of variations of the normalization equation have been applied to model different systems: Different inputs Dk can be assigned different weights αjk in the normalization pool. These weights define a suppressive field. The suppressive field may differ across neurons (hence ...
... field of neuron j. A number of variations of the normalization equation have been applied to model different systems: Different inputs Dk can be assigned different weights αjk in the normalization pool. These weights define a suppressive field. The suppressive field may differ across neurons (hence ...
Relationship of Activity in the Subthalamic Nucleus–Globus Pallidus
... One of the functions of the excitatory subthalamic nucleus (STN) is to relay cortical activity to other basal ganglia structures. The response of the STN to cortical input is shaped by inhibition from the reciprocally connected globus pallidus (GP). To examine the activity in the STN–GP network in r ...
... One of the functions of the excitatory subthalamic nucleus (STN) is to relay cortical activity to other basal ganglia structures. The response of the STN to cortical input is shaped by inhibition from the reciprocally connected globus pallidus (GP). To examine the activity in the STN–GP network in r ...
Spontaneous default mode network phase
... Aronson, 1995; Schmader et al., 2008). Past research suggests that stereotype threat induces greater monitoring of the self and one’s behavior (Forbes et al., 2008; Schmader, 2010; Forbes and Leitner, 2014), but also that individual differences in one’s ability to self-monitor buffer people from thr ...
... Aronson, 1995; Schmader et al., 2008). Past research suggests that stereotype threat induces greater monitoring of the self and one’s behavior (Forbes et al., 2008; Schmader, 2010; Forbes and Leitner, 2014), but also that individual differences in one’s ability to self-monitor buffer people from thr ...
Propagation of cortical synfire activity: survival probability in single
... packet input, was computed. Interpreting a and s as deterministic state variables, we could predict the propagation of synchronous activity in a syn®re chain network on the basis of the transmission function. Practically identical results were obtained for a reduced integrate-and-®re model, demonstr ...
... packet input, was computed. Interpreting a and s as deterministic state variables, we could predict the propagation of synchronous activity in a syn®re chain network on the basis of the transmission function. Practically identical results were obtained for a reduced integrate-and-®re model, demonstr ...
Identity-specific coding of future rewards in the human orbitofrontal
... good is it?) and outcome identity (what is it?) are necessary. Recent data suggest that the OFC is involved in signaling information about specific outcomes (9–14). For instance, many OFC neurons signal both the value and the identity of the predicted outcome (12), and OFC lesions diminish the effec ...
... good is it?) and outcome identity (what is it?) are necessary. Recent data suggest that the OFC is involved in signaling information about specific outcomes (9–14). For instance, many OFC neurons signal both the value and the identity of the predicted outcome (12), and OFC lesions diminish the effec ...
Rapid Whole Brain Imaging Of Neural Activities In Freely
... alternative because of its higher imaging speed, but its spatial resolution is relatively low. ...
... alternative because of its higher imaging speed, but its spatial resolution is relatively low. ...
Climbing Neuronal Activity as an Event
... across bins of 250 msec and averaged over the indicated number of trials (n; see legend of Fig. 1). For neurons showing stimulus-selective delay activity we averaged over trials with the same pair of sample and test stimuli (see Fig. 1c1). For neurons showing unselective delay activity, different sa ...
... across bins of 250 msec and averaged over the indicated number of trials (n; see legend of Fig. 1). For neurons showing stimulus-selective delay activity we averaged over trials with the same pair of sample and test stimuli (see Fig. 1c1). For neurons showing unselective delay activity, different sa ...
PPT
... Agreement in stimulus selectivity btw single neurons and the LFP signals recorded at the same electrode ...
... Agreement in stimulus selectivity btw single neurons and the LFP signals recorded at the same electrode ...
Normalization as a canonical neural computation
... The brain has a modular design. The advantages of modularity are well known to engineers: modules that can be replicated and cascaded, such as transistors and web servers, lie at the root of powerful technologies. The brain seems to apply this principle in two ways: with modular circuits and ...
... The brain has a modular design. The advantages of modularity are well known to engineers: modules that can be replicated and cascaded, such as transistors and web servers, lie at the root of powerful technologies. The brain seems to apply this principle in two ways: with modular circuits and ...
Dokument_1
... Sixteen out of 24 glutamate injections and 12 out of 25 FIG. 1. Spread of radioactivity after injection of 50-nl volume of TRH injections were localized in the POM area below [ 3 H}[3-methyl-His2]thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) into medial the anterior commissure, 0.3-0.8 mm left from the third ...
... Sixteen out of 24 glutamate injections and 12 out of 25 FIG. 1. Spread of radioactivity after injection of 50-nl volume of TRH injections were localized in the POM area below [ 3 H}[3-methyl-His2]thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) into medial the anterior commissure, 0.3-0.8 mm left from the third ...
Noise and Coupling Affect Signal Detection and Bursting in a
... and autonomous SR that of a single neuron. In CR, the ability of noise to produce a synchronous, periodic response in the system is dependent on the noise characteristics and coupling between the neurons. When analyzed in the frequency domain, a sharp peak is produced as the system becomes more peri ...
... and autonomous SR that of a single neuron. In CR, the ability of noise to produce a synchronous, periodic response in the system is dependent on the noise characteristics and coupling between the neurons. When analyzed in the frequency domain, a sharp peak is produced as the system becomes more peri ...
Here is a link
... be subdivided into different types. If field potentials are recorded against an inactive reference point with an upper frequency limit of about 100 Hz, then two types of field potentials can be distinguished, depending on the time constant of the amplifying recording device. In the case of a time co ...
... be subdivided into different types. If field potentials are recorded against an inactive reference point with an upper frequency limit of about 100 Hz, then two types of field potentials can be distinguished, depending on the time constant of the amplifying recording device. In the case of a time co ...
Cation-Chloride Cotransporters and Neuronal Function
... Introduction Ion trafficking across biological membranes is mediated by channels and transporters, and these two types of molecules form the basis of electrical signaling in the nervous system. However, the volume of research on voltage- and ligand-gated channels is orders of magnitude higher than w ...
... Introduction Ion trafficking across biological membranes is mediated by channels and transporters, and these two types of molecules form the basis of electrical signaling in the nervous system. However, the volume of research on voltage- and ligand-gated channels is orders of magnitude higher than w ...
Comparing the Functional Representations of Central and Border
... Using intrinsic signal optical imaging (ISI) (Grinvald et al., 1986; Frostig et al., 1990; Ts’o et al., 1990), we characterized the functional representation of two border whiskers, A2 and E2, as well as a central whisker, C2 (see Fig. 1). The A2 barrel is situated ...
... Using intrinsic signal optical imaging (ISI) (Grinvald et al., 1986; Frostig et al., 1990; Ts’o et al., 1990), we characterized the functional representation of two border whiskers, A2 and E2, as well as a central whisker, C2 (see Fig. 1). The A2 barrel is situated ...
Full-Text PDF
... applications, even including the detection of neurotoxins. For example, Nicolas, et al. [8] used a culture of rat cortical neurons to implement a high-throughput test of various marine neurotoxins, and Valdivia et al. [9] showed that neuroactivity recorded in vitro using an array of electrodes could ...
... applications, even including the detection of neurotoxins. For example, Nicolas, et al. [8] used a culture of rat cortical neurons to implement a high-throughput test of various marine neurotoxins, and Valdivia et al. [9] showed that neuroactivity recorded in vitro using an array of electrodes could ...
Functional magnetic resonance imaging
Functional magnetic resonance imaging or functional MRI (fMRI) is a functional neuroimaging procedure using MRI technology that measures brain activity by detecting associated changes in blood flow. This technique relies on the fact that cerebral blood flow and neuronal activation are coupled. When an area of the brain is in use, blood flow to that region also increases.The primary form of fMRI uses the blood-oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) contrast, discovered by Seiji Ogawa. This is a type of specialized brain and body scan used to map neural activity in the brain or spinal cord of humans or other animals by imaging the change in blood flow (hemodynamic response) related to energy use by brain cells. Since the early 1990s, fMRI has come to dominate brain mapping research because it does not require people to undergo shots, surgery, or to ingest substances, or be exposed to radiation, etc. Other methods of obtaining contrast are arterial spin labeling and diffusion MRI.The procedure is similar to MRI but uses the change in magnetization between oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor blood as its basic measure. This measure is frequently corrupted by noise from various sources and hence statistical procedures are used to extract the underlying signal. The resulting brain activation can be presented graphically by color-coding the strength of activation across the brain or the specific region studied. The technique can localize activity to within millimeters but, using standard techniques, no better than within a window of a few seconds.fMRI is used both in the research world, and to a lesser extent, in the clinical world. It can also be combined and complemented with other measures of brain physiology such as EEG and NIRS. Newer methods which improve both spatial and time resolution are being researched, and these largely use biomarkers other than the BOLD signal. Some companies have developed commercial products such as lie detectors based on fMRI techniques, but the research is not believed to be ripe enough for widespread commercialization.