Empathic choice involves vmPFC value signals that are modulated
... and Wexler, 2005; Mitchell et al., 2006; Saxe, 2006; Mitchell, 2009). Here, we present the results of a simple human functional magnetic resonance imaging study (fMRI) in which subjects made otherwise identical decisions (purchasing DVDs) in either a self-oriented context, by buying them for themsel ...
... and Wexler, 2005; Mitchell et al., 2006; Saxe, 2006; Mitchell, 2009). Here, we present the results of a simple human functional magnetic resonance imaging study (fMRI) in which subjects made otherwise identical decisions (purchasing DVDs) in either a self-oriented context, by buying them for themsel ...
The neural mechanisms of perceptual filling-in
... as filling-in at an artificial scotoma, but I regard this term as being too general and potentially confusing, so here I refer to it as texture filling-in. This type of filling-in does not happen instantaneously; it usually takes several seconds or longer for filling-in to occur. Eye movements break ...
... as filling-in at an artificial scotoma, but I regard this term as being too general and potentially confusing, so here I refer to it as texture filling-in. This type of filling-in does not happen instantaneously; it usually takes several seconds or longer for filling-in to occur. Eye movements break ...
Subgraphs of functional brain networks identify dynamical
... that robustly demonstrate concurrent activation of functionallyspecialized brain areas across different cognitive control tasks (Cole and Schneider, 2007). If similar sets of brain areas appear to be active across a diverse set of cognitive control tasks, then how do functional brain networks encode ...
... that robustly demonstrate concurrent activation of functionallyspecialized brain areas across different cognitive control tasks (Cole and Schneider, 2007). If similar sets of brain areas appear to be active across a diverse set of cognitive control tasks, then how do functional brain networks encode ...
Column-Based Model of Electric Field Excitation of Cerebral Cortex
... injection, tailored to obtain satisfactory coincidence detection rates. A 40-sec scan was triggered as the tracer bolus entered the brain; TMS, sham TMS, or hand movement accompanied this scan segment. A 50-sec scan immediately followed the 40-sec scan, during which TMS, sham TMS or hand movement we ...
... injection, tailored to obtain satisfactory coincidence detection rates. A 40-sec scan was triggered as the tracer bolus entered the brain; TMS, sham TMS, or hand movement accompanied this scan segment. A 50-sec scan immediately followed the 40-sec scan, during which TMS, sham TMS or hand movement we ...
The role of mirror neurons in cognition
... the brain to be studied in great detail and unveiled the dynamic processes underlying our conscious lives. But answers to the really difficult questions such as how does a thought, mind, or consciousness emerge from mere chemical interactions of cells still remained far from our reach. It was becomi ...
... the brain to be studied in great detail and unveiled the dynamic processes underlying our conscious lives. But answers to the really difficult questions such as how does a thought, mind, or consciousness emerge from mere chemical interactions of cells still remained far from our reach. It was becomi ...
LFP Power Spectra in V1 Cortex: The Graded Effect of Stimulus
... the LFP specifically distinguish themselves from the other LFP components as well as to explore what information the LFP can lend to our understanding of the spike responses when they are both recorded within the same paradigm by which previous work in single-unit physiology has elucidated the worki ...
... the LFP specifically distinguish themselves from the other LFP components as well as to explore what information the LFP can lend to our understanding of the spike responses when they are both recorded within the same paradigm by which previous work in single-unit physiology has elucidated the worki ...
- Northumbria Research Link
... threat to cerebral function. Exercise-induced fatigue can be defined as a reversible decrease in maximal voluntary force or power produced by a muscle (7). The production of voluntary muscle force/power is the consequence of a number of processes within the central nervous system (CNS). After input ...
... threat to cerebral function. Exercise-induced fatigue can be defined as a reversible decrease in maximal voluntary force or power produced by a muscle (7). The production of voluntary muscle force/power is the consequence of a number of processes within the central nervous system (CNS). After input ...
Effects of Fructose vs Glucose on Regional
... associated with fructose- and glucosemediated changes in animal feeding behaviors translates to humans is not completely understood. New technologies are available to facilitate translation of animal to human studies. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) provides a noninvasive way to assess ...
... associated with fructose- and glucosemediated changes in animal feeding behaviors translates to humans is not completely understood. New technologies are available to facilitate translation of animal to human studies. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) provides a noninvasive way to assess ...
Sample
... nervous system is responsible for the physiological changes that have occurred? a) sympathetic b) central c) somatic d) parasympathetic ANS: a, p. 44, C/A, Difficulty=2 2-30. While you were driving down a busy street, a child ran in front of your car. You slammed on the brakes and managed to avoid h ...
... nervous system is responsible for the physiological changes that have occurred? a) sympathetic b) central c) somatic d) parasympathetic ANS: a, p. 44, C/A, Difficulty=2 2-30. While you were driving down a busy street, a child ran in front of your car. You slammed on the brakes and managed to avoid h ...
An unaware agenda: interictal consciousness
... in the form of interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) (Keller et al., 2010), also called subclinical epileptiform activity. The electrophysiological, psychiatric, cognitive, or behavioral manifestations that are temporarily close to the seizure take place during the peri-ictal period. This includ ...
... in the form of interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) (Keller et al., 2010), also called subclinical epileptiform activity. The electrophysiological, psychiatric, cognitive, or behavioral manifestations that are temporarily close to the seizure take place during the peri-ictal period. This includ ...
The Suppressive Field of Neurons in Lateral Geniculate Nucleus
... and mask (Fig. 2C,D) elicit responses when presented alone. These responses oscillate at the drift frequency and are well predicted by a simple model consisting of a receptive field followed by rectification (Fig. 2 A–D, dotted curves). We chose the drift rates of test and mask to be incommensurate ...
... and mask (Fig. 2C,D) elicit responses when presented alone. These responses oscillate at the drift frequency and are well predicted by a simple model consisting of a receptive field followed by rectification (Fig. 2 A–D, dotted curves). We chose the drift rates of test and mask to be incommensurate ...
Extraction of Sensory Parameters from a Neural Map by Primary
... the 60 afferents were then shifted with respect to their actual peak sensitivity directions, so as to align their peaks. The curves were then averaged. This average curve resembles a cosine f unction, with slight deviations from the pure cosine at the peak and trough. Note that these afferents, all ...
... the 60 afferents were then shifted with respect to their actual peak sensitivity directions, so as to align their peaks. The curves were then averaged. This average curve resembles a cosine f unction, with slight deviations from the pure cosine at the peak and trough. Note that these afferents, all ...
- Brain Computer Interface - K
... Medical procedures usually expose the patient to more hazard than at home or workplace. Our main goal is to break ground loop . We decide to do that by low cast and effective way by using: 1.Isolation transformer as power isolation. 2.Opto-Couplers as signal isolation. ...
... Medical procedures usually expose the patient to more hazard than at home or workplace. Our main goal is to break ground loop . We decide to do that by low cast and effective way by using: 1.Isolation transformer as power isolation. 2.Opto-Couplers as signal isolation. ...
Resting-State Connectivity Predictors of Response to
... the amygdala to be part of the SN based on the work of Seely et al (2007) who demonstrated an independent network distinct from the ECN and the DMN that is comprised of the anterior insula, dACC, amygdala, substantia nigra/ventral tegmental area, and thalamus, as well as studies showing anatomical c ...
... the amygdala to be part of the SN based on the work of Seely et al (2007) who demonstrated an independent network distinct from the ECN and the DMN that is comprised of the anterior insula, dACC, amygdala, substantia nigra/ventral tegmental area, and thalamus, as well as studies showing anatomical c ...
Chapter 29 - krigolson teaching
... lesion, and as a result they may not see everything in that hemifield, even though the sensory pathway from the eye to the striate and prestriate cortex is intact. This neglect of the contralateral visual hemifield extends to the neglect of the contralateral half of individual objects. Patients with ...
... lesion, and as a result they may not see everything in that hemifield, even though the sensory pathway from the eye to the striate and prestriate cortex is intact. This neglect of the contralateral visual hemifield extends to the neglect of the contralateral half of individual objects. Patients with ...
MAY 5, 2000 Submitted to the Annual Review of Neuroscience AN
... patterns of activity that represent goals and the means to achieve them. They provide bias signals throughout much of the rest of the brain, affecting not only visual processes, but also other sensory modalities, as well as systems responsible for response execution, memory retrieval, emotional eval ...
... patterns of activity that represent goals and the means to achieve them. They provide bias signals throughout much of the rest of the brain, affecting not only visual processes, but also other sensory modalities, as well as systems responsible for response execution, memory retrieval, emotional eval ...
Wager, T. D., Kang, J., Johnson, T. D., Nichols, T. E., Satpute, A. B.
... one emotion type from another, it is not clear that these findings are reliable enough (with sufficiently large effects) or generalizable enough across studies to meaningfully use brain information to infer what type of emotion was experienced. Recently, studies have begun to take a pattern-based vi ...
... one emotion type from another, it is not clear that these findings are reliable enough (with sufficiently large effects) or generalizable enough across studies to meaningfully use brain information to infer what type of emotion was experienced. Recently, studies have begun to take a pattern-based vi ...
View PDF - MRC Brain Network Dynamics Unit
... were first scrutinized for ECG and respiration artifacts. LFP data contaminated with ECG artifact were rejected. The occasional influence of a respiration artifact (1.5–2.5 Hz; see also Hu et al. 2002) in the LFPs was negated by partialization of coherence measures with the respiration waveform as t ...
... were first scrutinized for ECG and respiration artifacts. LFP data contaminated with ECG artifact were rejected. The occasional influence of a respiration artifact (1.5–2.5 Hz; see also Hu et al. 2002) in the LFPs was negated by partialization of coherence measures with the respiration waveform as t ...
Methods - Laboratory for Advanced Brain Signal Processing
... removing artifact-related BSS components and back projection of components originating from brain (e.g., Jung et al., 2000; Vorobyov and Cichocki, 2002; Joyce et al., 2004). In this procedure, components of brain origin are not required to be separated from each other exactly, because they are mixed ...
... removing artifact-related BSS components and back projection of components originating from brain (e.g., Jung et al., 2000; Vorobyov and Cichocki, 2002; Joyce et al., 2004). In this procedure, components of brain origin are not required to be separated from each other exactly, because they are mixed ...
Multisensory Integration of Dynamic Faces and Voices
... possible control stimuli for faces (none of which are ideal), we decided to use controls for which there are behavioral data. These were videos that mimicked the dynamics of the mouth movements in our natural video stimuli. In a psychophysical study, Bernstein et al. (2004) compared speech detection ...
... possible control stimuli for faces (none of which are ideal), we decided to use controls for which there are behavioral data. These were videos that mimicked the dynamics of the mouth movements in our natural video stimuli. In a psychophysical study, Bernstein et al. (2004) compared speech detection ...
donepezil dose-dependently inhibits acetylcholinesterase activity in
... Abstract—In the symptomatic treatment of mild to moderately severe dementia associated with Alzheimer’s disease, donepezil (E2020) has been introduced for the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity in the human brain. However, there is no morphological evidence as to how this chemical agent aff ...
... Abstract—In the symptomatic treatment of mild to moderately severe dementia associated with Alzheimer’s disease, donepezil (E2020) has been introduced for the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity in the human brain. However, there is no morphological evidence as to how this chemical agent aff ...
Sound processing by local neural populations in the
... field (UF) are smaller fields which do not show clear tonotopic organization. What can we learn about the function of AC from this structure? In the study which first described this large-scale organization, Stiebler and colleagues did not suggest a function of the division into these subfields and ...
... field (UF) are smaller fields which do not show clear tonotopic organization. What can we learn about the function of AC from this structure? In the study which first described this large-scale organization, Stiebler and colleagues did not suggest a function of the division into these subfields and ...
Bissonette Gregory B, Gentry Ronny N, Padmala Srikanth, Pessoa L
... need for attention in the presence of cues, rather than signaling the associated value of those cues. All of this suggests that amygdala does more than just signal appetitive and aversive stimuli. Together, these reports suggest that ABL integrates information about appetitive and aversive events an ...
... need for attention in the presence of cues, rather than signaling the associated value of those cues. All of this suggests that amygdala does more than just signal appetitive and aversive stimuli. Together, these reports suggest that ABL integrates information about appetitive and aversive events an ...
Representation of Behavioral Tactics and Tactics
... using Visual TEMPO (Reflective Computing). Task-related neurons was pushed). were searched for while advancing the microelectrodes by hydraulic miBehavioral task. The monkeys were trained to perform a two choice cromanipulators (Narishige, MO-81) during the monkeys’ task perforarm-reaching task of r ...
... using Visual TEMPO (Reflective Computing). Task-related neurons was pushed). were searched for while advancing the microelectrodes by hydraulic miBehavioral task. The monkeys were trained to perform a two choice cromanipulators (Narishige, MO-81) during the monkeys’ task perforarm-reaching task of r ...
Physiological Plasticity of Single Neurons in Auditory Cortex of the
... David M. Diamond and Norman M. Weinberger Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory and Department of Psychobiology University of California, Irvine The discharges of 22 single neurons were recorded in the secondary auditory cortical field (All) during acquisition of the pupillary dilation ...
... David M. Diamond and Norman M. Weinberger Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory and Department of Psychobiology University of California, Irvine The discharges of 22 single neurons were recorded in the secondary auditory cortical field (All) during acquisition of the pupillary dilation ...
Functional magnetic resonance imaging
Functional magnetic resonance imaging or functional MRI (fMRI) is a functional neuroimaging procedure using MRI technology that measures brain activity by detecting associated changes in blood flow. This technique relies on the fact that cerebral blood flow and neuronal activation are coupled. When an area of the brain is in use, blood flow to that region also increases.The primary form of fMRI uses the blood-oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) contrast, discovered by Seiji Ogawa. This is a type of specialized brain and body scan used to map neural activity in the brain or spinal cord of humans or other animals by imaging the change in blood flow (hemodynamic response) related to energy use by brain cells. Since the early 1990s, fMRI has come to dominate brain mapping research because it does not require people to undergo shots, surgery, or to ingest substances, or be exposed to radiation, etc. Other methods of obtaining contrast are arterial spin labeling and diffusion MRI.The procedure is similar to MRI but uses the change in magnetization between oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor blood as its basic measure. This measure is frequently corrupted by noise from various sources and hence statistical procedures are used to extract the underlying signal. The resulting brain activation can be presented graphically by color-coding the strength of activation across the brain or the specific region studied. The technique can localize activity to within millimeters but, using standard techniques, no better than within a window of a few seconds.fMRI is used both in the research world, and to a lesser extent, in the clinical world. It can also be combined and complemented with other measures of brain physiology such as EEG and NIRS. Newer methods which improve both spatial and time resolution are being researched, and these largely use biomarkers other than the BOLD signal. Some companies have developed commercial products such as lie detectors based on fMRI techniques, but the research is not believed to be ripe enough for widespread commercialization.