The ventral striatum - Brain imaging of Parkinson`s disease
... territory), the caudate nucleus (associative territory) and the posterior putamen (sensorimotor territory) [15–17]. However, the reduction in the number of neurons from the striatum to the output structures of basal ganglia, the internal segment of globus pallidus (GPi) and the substantia nigra pars ...
... territory), the caudate nucleus (associative territory) and the posterior putamen (sensorimotor territory) [15–17]. However, the reduction in the number of neurons from the striatum to the output structures of basal ganglia, the internal segment of globus pallidus (GPi) and the substantia nigra pars ...
Neural systems for guilt from actions affecting self versus others
... Medical Center. The study was limited to men as a lead-up to future research on guilt in combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). One participant was excluded for poor cooperation with study procedures (35% non-response rate), and two were excluded for technical difficulties with time loc ...
... Medical Center. The study was limited to men as a lead-up to future research on guilt in combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). One participant was excluded for poor cooperation with study procedures (35% non-response rate), and two were excluded for technical difficulties with time loc ...
DOES ISCHEMIA CAUSE ACUTE NEURONAL DAMAGE BY CONVERTING THE NA /K
... The gray matter of the higher brain undergoes spreading depolarization in response to ischemia, which increases metabolic demand and so promotes acute neuronal injury. The molecular mechanism linking ischemic failure of the Na+/K+ pump to the subsequent onset of a large inward current in neurons has ...
... The gray matter of the higher brain undergoes spreading depolarization in response to ischemia, which increases metabolic demand and so promotes acute neuronal injury. The molecular mechanism linking ischemic failure of the Na+/K+ pump to the subsequent onset of a large inward current in neurons has ...
Tuning Curve Shift by Attention Modulation in Cortical Neurons: a
... substitute [I]+ = I and this allows for precise analytical calculations (shown in the Appendix). We prove, however, that our main points regarding this model do not depend on this particular choice (see Fig. 4C). When we simulate an attentional signal with inhibitory surround effect, we use r9A = 0. ...
... substitute [I]+ = I and this allows for precise analytical calculations (shown in the Appendix). We prove, however, that our main points regarding this model do not depend on this particular choice (see Fig. 4C). When we simulate an attentional signal with inhibitory surround effect, we use r9A = 0. ...
Neurophysiological involvement in hypervolemic hyponatremia
... Under this condition, a facilitatory feature of local neural circuits controlling AVP secretion becomes active, leading to further secretion of AVP. This inherent feature in the local circuit mainly includes: 1) adaptive reduction of osmosensory threshold, 2) removal of astrocytic restriction of AVP ...
... Under this condition, a facilitatory feature of local neural circuits controlling AVP secretion becomes active, leading to further secretion of AVP. This inherent feature in the local circuit mainly includes: 1) adaptive reduction of osmosensory threshold, 2) removal of astrocytic restriction of AVP ...
... studies have shown that addiction alters the dopaminergic mesocorticolimbic circuitry of self-control and incentive salience to subserve the transition from voluntary drug use to habitual, compulsive drug abuse. Some have analysed if cocaine alterations are associated with consumption patterns, effe ...
Structure of Receptive Fields in Area 3b of Primary Somatosensory
... Electrophysiological recordings were made in the postcentral gyri of five hemispheres using standard techniques (Phillips et al., 1988; Mountcastle et al., 1991). On each recording day, a multielectrode microdrive (Mountcastle et al., 1991) was loaded with seven quartz-coated platinum /tungsten (90/ ...
... Electrophysiological recordings were made in the postcentral gyri of five hemispheres using standard techniques (Phillips et al., 1988; Mountcastle et al., 1991). On each recording day, a multielectrode microdrive (Mountcastle et al., 1991) was loaded with seven quartz-coated platinum /tungsten (90/ ...
Spatial and Temporal Structure of Receptive Fields in Primate
... the alert monkey. We previously studied the spatial structure of .350 fingerpad receptive fields (RFs) with random-dot patterns scanned in one direction (DiCarlo et al., 1998) and at varying velocities (DiCarlo and Johnson, 1999). Those studies showed that area 3b RFs have a wide range of spatial st ...
... the alert monkey. We previously studied the spatial structure of .350 fingerpad receptive fields (RFs) with random-dot patterns scanned in one direction (DiCarlo et al., 1998) and at varying velocities (DiCarlo and Johnson, 1999). Those studies showed that area 3b RFs have a wide range of spatial st ...
PDF - Oxford Academic - Oxford University Press
... memory, rely on the dorsal route comes out of research on conduction aphasia. Patients who carry this diagnosis speak fluently and comprehend speech well, but they have limited phonological short-term memory, which impedes their ability to repeat. Additionally, in all types of production tasks (e.g. ...
... memory, rely on the dorsal route comes out of research on conduction aphasia. Patients who carry this diagnosis speak fluently and comprehend speech well, but they have limited phonological short-term memory, which impedes their ability to repeat. Additionally, in all types of production tasks (e.g. ...
Functional Properties of Corticotectal Neurons in the Monkey`s
... visuomovement or foveal. Their responses included postsaccadic, anticipatory, and reward-related activity, as well as activity modulated during certain directions of smooth-pursuit eye movements. One neuron was unresponsive during all of the behavioral tasks used. There were no corticotectal neurons ...
... visuomovement or foveal. Their responses included postsaccadic, anticipatory, and reward-related activity, as well as activity modulated during certain directions of smooth-pursuit eye movements. One neuron was unresponsive during all of the behavioral tasks used. There were no corticotectal neurons ...
Thalamic POm projections to the dorsolateral striatum of rats
... interstimulus intervals decreased so that successive stimuli on each trial were presented at intervals of 500 ms (2 Hz), 200 ms (5 Hz), and 125 ms (8 Hz). In both sets of recording experiments, the first stimulus in each block of four stimuli was classified as a 1-Hz stimulus because it was preceded ...
... interstimulus intervals decreased so that successive stimuli on each trial were presented at intervals of 500 ms (2 Hz), 200 ms (5 Hz), and 125 ms (8 Hz). In both sets of recording experiments, the first stimulus in each block of four stimuli was classified as a 1-Hz stimulus because it was preceded ...
Functional Neuroimaging Insights into the Physiology of Human Sleep
... Functional brain imaging has been used in humans to noninvasively investigate the neural mechanisms underlying the generation of sleep stages. On the one hand, REM sleep has been associated with the activation of the pons, thalamus, limbic areas, and temporo-occipital cortices, and the deactivation ...
... Functional brain imaging has been used in humans to noninvasively investigate the neural mechanisms underlying the generation of sleep stages. On the one hand, REM sleep has been associated with the activation of the pons, thalamus, limbic areas, and temporo-occipital cortices, and the deactivation ...
2015 Cosyne Program
... they yield into cognitive and clinical phenomena. 408 pp., 73 b&w illus.,16 color plates, $60 cloth ...
... they yield into cognitive and clinical phenomena. 408 pp., 73 b&w illus.,16 color plates, $60 cloth ...
Enhanced Modulation of Neuronal Activity during
... the GPe also have direct access to all other nuclei in the basal ganglia (for reviews, Parent and Hazrati 1995b; Chan, Sumeier, Yung 2005), suggesting that the GPe plays a pivotal role in regulating the signal flow within the basal ganglia. The internal segment of the GP (GPi) has been thought to con ...
... the GPe also have direct access to all other nuclei in the basal ganglia (for reviews, Parent and Hazrati 1995b; Chan, Sumeier, Yung 2005), suggesting that the GPe plays a pivotal role in regulating the signal flow within the basal ganglia. The internal segment of the GP (GPi) has been thought to con ...
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... preferentially to the dorsal and central part of the caudate nucleus, and the ventral part projects to the ventral and central caudate nucleus (293). A topographic connection has been reported in projections from the orbital and medial PFC. The medial PFC preferentially projects to the ventral stria ...
... preferentially to the dorsal and central part of the caudate nucleus, and the ventral part projects to the ventral and central caudate nucleus (293). A topographic connection has been reported in projections from the orbital and medial PFC. The medial PFC preferentially projects to the ventral stria ...
Measuring Cortical Thickness - McConnell Brain Imaging Centre
... angle along which to measure the thickness at any one point. That is a very difficult task, made even more difficult by the fact that MRI is discrete data rarely sampled higher than one millimetre. Moreover, it is also a very labour intensive operation, making this technique prohibitive for use in l ...
... angle along which to measure the thickness at any one point. That is a very difficult task, made even more difficult by the fact that MRI is discrete data rarely sampled higher than one millimetre. Moreover, it is also a very labour intensive operation, making this technique prohibitive for use in l ...
Corticomuscular Contributions to the Control of Rhythmic Movement
... apparent when we observe children as they learn to walk or patients suffering from neuromuscular disorders. Human movement requires inputs from supraspinal and spinal centers as well as sensory afferent feedback. However, little is known about the interaction between cortical and muscular activity d ...
... apparent when we observe children as they learn to walk or patients suffering from neuromuscular disorders. Human movement requires inputs from supraspinal and spinal centers as well as sensory afferent feedback. However, little is known about the interaction between cortical and muscular activity d ...
Neural correlates of positive and negative performance feedback in
... Trio (Siemens Medical Solutions, Erlangen, Germany) equipped with a standard head coil. Changes in blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) T2*-weighed MR signals were measured using a gradient echo-planar imaging (EPI) sequence (42 slices, 2.5 x 2.5 x 2.5 mm voxels, 10% gap, TR = 2.4 s, TE = 30 ms, ...
... Trio (Siemens Medical Solutions, Erlangen, Germany) equipped with a standard head coil. Changes in blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) T2*-weighed MR signals were measured using a gradient echo-planar imaging (EPI) sequence (42 slices, 2.5 x 2.5 x 2.5 mm voxels, 10% gap, TR = 2.4 s, TE = 30 ms, ...
JERZY KONORSKI`S THEORY OF CONDITIONED
... canditioning the conditioned r e s p m e differs as a rule from the response evaked by an unconditioned stimulus. The conditioned stimulus rather signals the possibility of getting food, or of avoiding a painful1 stimulus. Food, or other appetitive unconditioned stimulus, in irustrumental conditioni ...
... canditioning the conditioned r e s p m e differs as a rule from the response evaked by an unconditioned stimulus. The conditioned stimulus rather signals the possibility of getting food, or of avoiding a painful1 stimulus. Food, or other appetitive unconditioned stimulus, in irustrumental conditioni ...
Developmental structure in brain evolution
... The reason for this well-characterized relationship (Martin 1982) has always remained essentially unexplained, though there have been many intriguing attempts. The neural machinery for controlling muscles and for enervating the sensory surface might reasonably increase with some function of body siz ...
... The reason for this well-characterized relationship (Martin 1982) has always remained essentially unexplained, though there have been many intriguing attempts. The neural machinery for controlling muscles and for enervating the sensory surface might reasonably increase with some function of body siz ...
Glucose-sensing neurons: Are they physiologically relevant?
... sense and respond to changes in glucose levels. The efferent aspects of the central nervous system response to hypoglycemia are relatively well understood. In addition, it is accepted that the brain regulates food intake and energy balance. Obesity and diabetes both result from and cause alterations ...
... sense and respond to changes in glucose levels. The efferent aspects of the central nervous system response to hypoglycemia are relatively well understood. In addition, it is accepted that the brain regulates food intake and energy balance. Obesity and diabetes both result from and cause alterations ...
Serotonin in the inferior colliculus fluctuates with behavioral state
... (7.5cm diameter) within their home cage. This was achieved by surrounding the animal with a tube that had high, smooth walls to prevent jumping or climbing but no floor and an open top to accommodate the recording tether. The size of this behavioral arena limits the lateral range of travel without ...
... (7.5cm diameter) within their home cage. This was achieved by surrounding the animal with a tube that had high, smooth walls to prevent jumping or climbing but no floor and an open top to accommodate the recording tether. The size of this behavioral arena limits the lateral range of travel without ...
Planarian shows decision-making behavior in response to multiple
... stimuli, its nervous system detects sensory cues and converts this information into adaptive movement. For behaviors in response to a simple stimulus, sensory neurons sometimes communicate directly with motor neurons; however, when animals are exposed to more complex stimuli, integration of sensory ...
... stimuli, its nervous system detects sensory cues and converts this information into adaptive movement. For behaviors in response to a simple stimulus, sensory neurons sometimes communicate directly with motor neurons; however, when animals are exposed to more complex stimuli, integration of sensory ...
Acute and chronic effects of cannabinoids on human brain: gene-environment interactions
... Acute and chronic effects of cannabinoids on human brain: gene-environment interactions related to psychiatric disorders Albert Batalla Cases ...
... Acute and chronic effects of cannabinoids on human brain: gene-environment interactions related to psychiatric disorders Albert Batalla Cases ...
Chapter 3
... 1. __________ are the cells in the nervous system that receive, integrate, and transmit information. a. Synapse cells b. Neurons c. Glial cells d. Terminal cells 2. What entity in the brain serves the same function as water on a water slide? a. Glial cells b. Cerebrospinal fluid c. Myelin sheath d. ...
... 1. __________ are the cells in the nervous system that receive, integrate, and transmit information. a. Synapse cells b. Neurons c. Glial cells d. Terminal cells 2. What entity in the brain serves the same function as water on a water slide? a. Glial cells b. Cerebrospinal fluid c. Myelin sheath d. ...
Functional magnetic resonance imaging
Functional magnetic resonance imaging or functional MRI (fMRI) is a functional neuroimaging procedure using MRI technology that measures brain activity by detecting associated changes in blood flow. This technique relies on the fact that cerebral blood flow and neuronal activation are coupled. When an area of the brain is in use, blood flow to that region also increases.The primary form of fMRI uses the blood-oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) contrast, discovered by Seiji Ogawa. This is a type of specialized brain and body scan used to map neural activity in the brain or spinal cord of humans or other animals by imaging the change in blood flow (hemodynamic response) related to energy use by brain cells. Since the early 1990s, fMRI has come to dominate brain mapping research because it does not require people to undergo shots, surgery, or to ingest substances, or be exposed to radiation, etc. Other methods of obtaining contrast are arterial spin labeling and diffusion MRI.The procedure is similar to MRI but uses the change in magnetization between oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor blood as its basic measure. This measure is frequently corrupted by noise from various sources and hence statistical procedures are used to extract the underlying signal. The resulting brain activation can be presented graphically by color-coding the strength of activation across the brain or the specific region studied. The technique can localize activity to within millimeters but, using standard techniques, no better than within a window of a few seconds.fMRI is used both in the research world, and to a lesser extent, in the clinical world. It can also be combined and complemented with other measures of brain physiology such as EEG and NIRS. Newer methods which improve both spatial and time resolution are being researched, and these largely use biomarkers other than the BOLD signal. Some companies have developed commercial products such as lie detectors based on fMRI techniques, but the research is not believed to be ripe enough for widespread commercialization.