A Neurodynamical cortical model of visual attention and
... feature biases this competition in favour of neurons that respond to the location of or the features in the attended stimulus. This attentional effect is produced by generating signals in areas outside the visual cortical areas which are then fed back to extrastriate areas, where they bias the compet ...
... feature biases this competition in favour of neurons that respond to the location of or the features in the attended stimulus. This attentional effect is produced by generating signals in areas outside the visual cortical areas which are then fed back to extrastriate areas, where they bias the compet ...
Technology Insight: noninvasive brain stimulation in neurology
... manner similar to that seen in these pioneering experiments.5,6 During tDCS, low-amplitude direct currents are applied via scalp electrodes, and these currents penetrate the skull to enter the ...
... manner similar to that seen in these pioneering experiments.5,6 During tDCS, low-amplitude direct currents are applied via scalp electrodes, and these currents penetrate the skull to enter the ...
Neural effects of positive and negative incentives during marijuana
... square is present in order to avoid losing money, and (3) during the NEUTRAL trials, their performance will not affect their cumulative earnings, but that their reaction times will be recorded. They were also given a 2-minute practice to ensure understanding of the task. The task consisted of 2 runs ...
... square is present in order to avoid losing money, and (3) during the NEUTRAL trials, their performance will not affect their cumulative earnings, but that their reaction times will be recorded. They were also given a 2-minute practice to ensure understanding of the task. The task consisted of 2 runs ...
Neural Effects of Positive and Negative Incentives during
... square is present in order to avoid losing money, and (3) during the NEUTRAL trials, their performance will not affect their cumulative earnings, but that their reaction times will be recorded. They were also given a 2-minute practice to ensure understanding of the task. The task consisted of 2 runs ...
... square is present in order to avoid losing money, and (3) during the NEUTRAL trials, their performance will not affect their cumulative earnings, but that their reaction times will be recorded. They were also given a 2-minute practice to ensure understanding of the task. The task consisted of 2 runs ...
Functional segregation of the temporal lobes into highly
... 2001, for an overview about this topic and further references). Binder and coworkers (Binder et al., 1999) demonstrated, for example, the existence of ongoing conceptual processing during conscious, resting states, which could only be interrupted by an explicit task performance, a difficult task whe ...
... 2001, for an overview about this topic and further references). Binder and coworkers (Binder et al., 1999) demonstrated, for example, the existence of ongoing conceptual processing during conscious, resting states, which could only be interrupted by an explicit task performance, a difficult task whe ...
Modulation of Neuronal Activity in the Monkey Putamen Associated
... dorsolateral part of the striatum that receives inputs from motor cortical areas constitutes the site for the learning and retention of overlearned skilled behaviors, whereas the dorsomedial part connected to association cortices is critical for acquiring new associations between stimuli and movemen ...
... dorsolateral part of the striatum that receives inputs from motor cortical areas constitutes the site for the learning and retention of overlearned skilled behaviors, whereas the dorsomedial part connected to association cortices is critical for acquiring new associations between stimuli and movemen ...
what distinguishes conscious experience from unconscious processes
... rest of the person’s brain is having another experience. Individual phenomenal experience could be generated by the firing of specific NCCs e.g. Zeki (Localization and). But this only raises further objections. Firstly, it is a claim that is impossible to verify scientifically (since we rely on a pe ...
... rest of the person’s brain is having another experience. Individual phenomenal experience could be generated by the firing of specific NCCs e.g. Zeki (Localization and). But this only raises further objections. Firstly, it is a claim that is impossible to verify scientifically (since we rely on a pe ...
Representing Spatial Information for Limb - Research
... Ml (Georgopoulos et al., 1984; Georgopoulos and Massey, 1985; Kettner et al., 1988), PMd (Caminiti et al., 1991), area 2 (Soechting et al., 1992), and area 5 (Georgopoulos et al., 1984; Georgopoulos and Massey, 1985). We have searched evidence for coherent representations of movement and posture in ...
... Ml (Georgopoulos et al., 1984; Georgopoulos and Massey, 1985; Kettner et al., 1988), PMd (Caminiti et al., 1991), area 2 (Soechting et al., 1992), and area 5 (Georgopoulos et al., 1984; Georgopoulos and Massey, 1985). We have searched evidence for coherent representations of movement and posture in ...
PDF - Journal of Neuroscience
... alone (two-way ANOVA with/without dot motion, Sample/Start conditions). The great majority of MST neurons (172/197, 87.3%) were dot motion or condition responsive and used in further analyses. There was no monkey ⫻ stimulus interaction: neurons from both monkeys showed similar changes in cue selecti ...
... alone (two-way ANOVA with/without dot motion, Sample/Start conditions). The great majority of MST neurons (172/197, 87.3%) were dot motion or condition responsive and used in further analyses. There was no monkey ⫻ stimulus interaction: neurons from both monkeys showed similar changes in cue selecti ...
final scientific program
... One of the fundamental problems in neuroscience today is to understand how the activation of large populations of neurons gives rise to the higher order functions of the brain including learning, memory, cognition, perception, action and ultimately conscious awareness. Electrophysiological recording ...
... One of the fundamental problems in neuroscience today is to understand how the activation of large populations of neurons gives rise to the higher order functions of the brain including learning, memory, cognition, perception, action and ultimately conscious awareness. Electrophysiological recording ...
Central mechanisms regulating coordinated cardiovascular and
... the cutaneous vasoconstriction that is initially evoked is associated with cerebral vasodilation, such that cerebral blood flow is increased at a time when the salience of the stimulus needs to be assessed. Regardless of the physiological significance of the initial orienting reflex, however, it has ...
... the cutaneous vasoconstriction that is initially evoked is associated with cerebral vasodilation, such that cerebral blood flow is increased at a time when the salience of the stimulus needs to be assessed. Regardless of the physiological significance of the initial orienting reflex, however, it has ...
Neuronal Correlates for Preparatory Set Associated with Pro
... Schmolesky et al., 1998). For comparing stimulus-related responses, we determined the mean activity in the interval 65 msec around the peak of neuronal activation in a time window from 70 to 140 msec after stimulus appearance, and the prestimulus activation in the interval 40 –50 msec after stimulus ...
... Schmolesky et al., 1998). For comparing stimulus-related responses, we determined the mean activity in the interval 65 msec around the peak of neuronal activation in a time window from 70 to 140 msec after stimulus appearance, and the prestimulus activation in the interval 40 –50 msec after stimulus ...
Resting-state Functional mR imaging
... Resting-state (RS) functional magnetic resonance (MR) imaging constitutes a novel paradigm that examines spontaneous brain function by using blood oxygen level– dependent contrast in the absence of a task. Spatially distributed networks of temporal synchronization can be detected that can characteri ...
... Resting-state (RS) functional magnetic resonance (MR) imaging constitutes a novel paradigm that examines spontaneous brain function by using blood oxygen level– dependent contrast in the absence of a task. Spatially distributed networks of temporal synchronization can be detected that can characteri ...
Saccade-related spread of activity across superior colliculus may
... with respect to the peripheral field. The visual projection forms a nonlinear, approximately logarithmic, map on the SC. Models of the SC commonly assume that the function defining the strength of neuronal connections within this map (the kernel) depends only on the distance between two neurons, and ...
... with respect to the peripheral field. The visual projection forms a nonlinear, approximately logarithmic, map on the SC. Models of the SC commonly assume that the function defining the strength of neuronal connections within this map (the kernel) depends only on the distance between two neurons, and ...
8129402
... alent wherever there were no antagonistic processes in the environment. In other words, most human beings could preserve the phenomenon if they were not subject to a sterile, passive educational process. . . . Eidetic imagery and synesthesia are found more often in highly creative adults than in the ...
... alent wherever there were no antagonistic processes in the environment. In other words, most human beings could preserve the phenomenon if they were not subject to a sterile, passive educational process. . . . Eidetic imagery and synesthesia are found more often in highly creative adults than in the ...
Reticular activating system of a central pattern generator
... coefficient method was used to test for significant correlations between the brainstem OSP and the spinal CDP (P < 0.01). Change point of neuronal onset and offset Off-line data analysis was performed using a sliding window procedure, similar to the procedure used by Apicella et al. (1992). In this ...
... coefficient method was used to test for significant correlations between the brainstem OSP and the spinal CDP (P < 0.01). Change point of neuronal onset and offset Off-line data analysis was performed using a sliding window procedure, similar to the procedure used by Apicella et al. (1992). In this ...
Experiment 2 - fMRI Study
... knowledge, common processes such as meaning access and sentence assembly or a mixture of both. It remains unclear therefore whether and how subcomponent processes in production and comprehension are related, and in particular, whether competitive processes are shared across the two tasks, despite th ...
... knowledge, common processes such as meaning access and sentence assembly or a mixture of both. It remains unclear therefore whether and how subcomponent processes in production and comprehension are related, and in particular, whether competitive processes are shared across the two tasks, despite th ...
Morphine effects on monetary reward - DUO
... Reward as a process can be divided into different components and phases. One framework for dissociating the different reward components was proposed by Berridge and colleagues. They proposed that the major components of reward are (i)‘liking’, referring to hedonic impact and subjective pleasure of a ...
... Reward as a process can be divided into different components and phases. One framework for dissociating the different reward components was proposed by Berridge and colleagues. They proposed that the major components of reward are (i)‘liking’, referring to hedonic impact and subjective pleasure of a ...
Physiological origins and functional correlates of EEG rhythmic
... behavior in hungry animals was a 12-20 cycles per second (c/s) rhythm localized to sensorimotor cortex. Because of this localization we labeled this the "Sensorimotor Rhythm," or SMR. This pattern was, indeed, very similar to the characteristic sensorimotor E E G spindle burst seen during sleep (Fig ...
... behavior in hungry animals was a 12-20 cycles per second (c/s) rhythm localized to sensorimotor cortex. Because of this localization we labeled this the "Sensorimotor Rhythm," or SMR. This pattern was, indeed, very similar to the characteristic sensorimotor E E G spindle burst seen during sleep (Fig ...
The functional role of dorso-lateral premotor cortex
... are identical or mirror versions of each other usually show response times that linearly increase with the angle between objects. This phenomenon has been termed mental rotation. While there is widespread agreement that parietal cortex plays a dominant role in mental rotation, reports concerning the ...
... are identical or mirror versions of each other usually show response times that linearly increase with the angle between objects. This phenomenon has been termed mental rotation. While there is widespread agreement that parietal cortex plays a dominant role in mental rotation, reports concerning the ...
Resting-State Functional Connectivity in Autism Spectrum
... more inclined to systemize while females were more likely to empathize. It was then hypothesized that autism is marked by an extreme systemizing approach above and beyond the normal male’s predisposition to systemization (27–29). Social deficits observed in ASD as well as the increased prevalence in ...
... more inclined to systemize while females were more likely to empathize. It was then hypothesized that autism is marked by an extreme systemizing approach above and beyond the normal male’s predisposition to systemization (27–29). Social deficits observed in ASD as well as the increased prevalence in ...
Saccade-Related Spread of Activity Across
... with respect to the peripheral field. The visual projection forms a nonlinear, approximately logarithmic, map on the SC. Models of the SC commonly assume that the function defining the strength of neuronal connections within this map (the kernel) depends only on the distance between two neurons, and ...
... with respect to the peripheral field. The visual projection forms a nonlinear, approximately logarithmic, map on the SC. Models of the SC commonly assume that the function defining the strength of neuronal connections within this map (the kernel) depends only on the distance between two neurons, and ...
Neuronal Correlates of Sensorimotor Association in Stimulus
... changed from one block of trials to the next. The activity of 9% of the neurons recorded in the auditory cortex was found to differ not only according to the stimulus type but also the stimulus-response (S-R) mapping rule. Vaadia et al.'s study is more closely related to reversal learning than to SR ...
... changed from one block of trials to the next. The activity of 9% of the neurons recorded in the auditory cortex was found to differ not only according to the stimulus type but also the stimulus-response (S-R) mapping rule. Vaadia et al.'s study is more closely related to reversal learning than to SR ...
Saccade-Related Spread of Activity Across Superior Colliculus May
... with respect to the peripheral field. The visual projection forms a nonlinear, approximately logarithmic, map on the SC. Models of the SC commonly assume that the function defining the strength of neuronal connections within this map (the kernel) depends only on the distance between two neurons, and ...
... with respect to the peripheral field. The visual projection forms a nonlinear, approximately logarithmic, map on the SC. Models of the SC commonly assume that the function defining the strength of neuronal connections within this map (the kernel) depends only on the distance between two neurons, and ...
Functional magnetic resonance imaging
Functional magnetic resonance imaging or functional MRI (fMRI) is a functional neuroimaging procedure using MRI technology that measures brain activity by detecting associated changes in blood flow. This technique relies on the fact that cerebral blood flow and neuronal activation are coupled. When an area of the brain is in use, blood flow to that region also increases.The primary form of fMRI uses the blood-oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) contrast, discovered by Seiji Ogawa. This is a type of specialized brain and body scan used to map neural activity in the brain or spinal cord of humans or other animals by imaging the change in blood flow (hemodynamic response) related to energy use by brain cells. Since the early 1990s, fMRI has come to dominate brain mapping research because it does not require people to undergo shots, surgery, or to ingest substances, or be exposed to radiation, etc. Other methods of obtaining contrast are arterial spin labeling and diffusion MRI.The procedure is similar to MRI but uses the change in magnetization between oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor blood as its basic measure. This measure is frequently corrupted by noise from various sources and hence statistical procedures are used to extract the underlying signal. The resulting brain activation can be presented graphically by color-coding the strength of activation across the brain or the specific region studied. The technique can localize activity to within millimeters but, using standard techniques, no better than within a window of a few seconds.fMRI is used both in the research world, and to a lesser extent, in the clinical world. It can also be combined and complemented with other measures of brain physiology such as EEG and NIRS. Newer methods which improve both spatial and time resolution are being researched, and these largely use biomarkers other than the BOLD signal. Some companies have developed commercial products such as lie detectors based on fMRI techniques, but the research is not believed to be ripe enough for widespread commercialization.