The Representation of Complex Images in Spatial Frequency
... The organization of cat primary visual cortex has been well mapped using simple stimuli such as sinusoidal gratings, revealing superimposed maps of orientation and spatial frequency preferences. However, it is not yet understood how complex images are represented across these maps. In this study, we ...
... The organization of cat primary visual cortex has been well mapped using simple stimuli such as sinusoidal gratings, revealing superimposed maps of orientation and spatial frequency preferences. However, it is not yet understood how complex images are represented across these maps. In this study, we ...
Webb et al 2002 - User Web Areas at the University of York
... How does feedback from V1 and extraclassical stimulation modulate the activity of LGN neurons? To investigate the influence that feedback from the striate cortex has over extraclassical interactions in the LGN, we measured the modulated response of LGN neurons to gratings of a range of different con ...
... How does feedback from V1 and extraclassical stimulation modulate the activity of LGN neurons? To investigate the influence that feedback from the striate cortex has over extraclassical interactions in the LGN, we measured the modulated response of LGN neurons to gratings of a range of different con ...
Increased prefrontal activity and reduced motor cortex
... studies have shown that imagery can be used to improve strength related tasks (Ranganathan et al., 2004), but it is still a controversial issue with large individual differences. Although, one must also remember that there are differences between motor imagery and execution, and it has been shown th ...
... studies have shown that imagery can be used to improve strength related tasks (Ranganathan et al., 2004), but it is still a controversial issue with large individual differences. Although, one must also remember that there are differences between motor imagery and execution, and it has been shown th ...
Integrative actions of the reticular formation The reticular activating
... and Bowden (1949) that basal diencephalic injury produced more profound EEG sleep changes than did the cerveau isol~ preparation, in which optic and olfactory pathways could still provide afferents to the R.F •• Forbes (1949) found it difficult to assume that barbiturate anesthesia, which synchroniz ...
... and Bowden (1949) that basal diencephalic injury produced more profound EEG sleep changes than did the cerveau isol~ preparation, in which optic and olfactory pathways could still provide afferents to the R.F •• Forbes (1949) found it difficult to assume that barbiturate anesthesia, which synchroniz ...
Good Exemplars of Natural Scene Categories Elicit Clearer Patterns
... degree to which an image denotes a particular scene category. For example, within the range of images that we might categorize as a ‘‘beach,’’ some are more representative of that category than others. Will the degree to which an image exemplifies the category ‘‘beach’’ influence decoding in visual ...
... degree to which an image denotes a particular scene category. For example, within the range of images that we might categorize as a ‘‘beach,’’ some are more representative of that category than others. Will the degree to which an image exemplifies the category ‘‘beach’’ influence decoding in visual ...
Responses of single neurons in the human brain during flash
... rate of 1.7 spikes/s during the baseline period to 7.9 spikes/s (two-tailed t test, p < 10 -3). The neuron did not change its firing rate in response to other faces, or to other black and white drawings (we are not claiming that this is the only possible stimulus to which the neuron would respond, s ...
... rate of 1.7 spikes/s during the baseline period to 7.9 spikes/s (two-tailed t test, p < 10 -3). The neuron did not change its firing rate in response to other faces, or to other black and white drawings (we are not claiming that this is the only possible stimulus to which the neuron would respond, s ...
uncorrected page page page proofs
... and since blood was the means by which we all think (and feel pleasure and pain), the degree of someone’s intelligence depended on the composition of the blood (Gross, 1995; Kahn, 2013). ...
... and since blood was the means by which we all think (and feel pleasure and pain), the degree of someone’s intelligence depended on the composition of the blood (Gross, 1995; Kahn, 2013). ...
Neural activity predicts attitude change in cognitive dissonance
... component of the classic dissonance theory1, and computational models of cognitive dissonance have measured it as increased energy19,20. We hypothesized that the dACC’s conflict monitoring functions might generalize from detecting conflict in simple speeded-response tasks to detecting conflict betw ...
... component of the classic dissonance theory1, and computational models of cognitive dissonance have measured it as increased energy19,20. We hypothesized that the dACC’s conflict monitoring functions might generalize from detecting conflict in simple speeded-response tasks to detecting conflict betw ...
The affective and cognitive processing of touch, oral texture, and
... affective value and associated subjective emotional experience of somatosensory and thermal stimuli that are important for survival is performed in different brain areas to those where activations are related to sensory properties of the stimuli such as their intensity. This conclusion appears to be ...
... affective value and associated subjective emotional experience of somatosensory and thermal stimuli that are important for survival is performed in different brain areas to those where activations are related to sensory properties of the stimuli such as their intensity. This conclusion appears to be ...
FREE Sample Here
... 1.What are the differences between development and learning? ANS: Development is the cumulative sequence and patterns that represent progressive, refined changes that move a child from simple to more complex physical, cognitive, language, social and emotional growth and maturity. Learning is the acq ...
... 1.What are the differences between development and learning? ANS: Development is the cumulative sequence and patterns that represent progressive, refined changes that move a child from simple to more complex physical, cognitive, language, social and emotional growth and maturity. Learning is the acq ...
The Use of Cross-Correlation Mapping in Identifying Backwards Projecting Connections between Visual Cortical Areas
... are many points that have a similar value in the parent manifold–the original manifold without any embedding–for a single variable but are not actually close to one another–that is, they have different values for the other variables. The time-lagged embedding seeks to distance these points: points n ...
... are many points that have a similar value in the parent manifold–the original manifold without any embedding–for a single variable but are not actually close to one another–that is, they have different values for the other variables. The time-lagged embedding seeks to distance these points: points n ...
online age page age page proofs proofs
... and since blood was the means by which we all think (and feel pleasure and pain), the degree of someone’s intelligence depended on the composition of the blood (Gross, 1995; Kahn, 2013). ...
... and since blood was the means by which we all think (and feel pleasure and pain), the degree of someone’s intelligence depended on the composition of the blood (Gross, 1995; Kahn, 2013). ...
cHaPter 3
... fully understood. Within the brain’s tissue are roughly 86 billion individual nerve cells called neurons. Each neuron is connected to between 1000 and 15 000 or more other neurons, so there are trillions of connections. These connections form numerous networks along which information is electro-chem ...
... fully understood. Within the brain’s tissue are roughly 86 billion individual nerve cells called neurons. Each neuron is connected to between 1000 and 15 000 or more other neurons, so there are trillions of connections. These connections form numerous networks along which information is electro-chem ...
Full Text - The British Journal of Psychiatry
... drifts were removed by applying a high-pass filter. The movement correction logs (obtained from the realignment procedure) were examined to ensure none of the participants had movements greater than 5 mm or 58; one participant in the non-remitted group met that threshold and was removed. Data were a ...
... drifts were removed by applying a high-pass filter. The movement correction logs (obtained from the realignment procedure) were examined to ensure none of the participants had movements greater than 5 mm or 58; one participant in the non-remitted group met that threshold and was removed. Data were a ...
Volitional enhancement of firing synchrony and oscillation
... other. Therefore, enhancement of neuronal activity related to brain functions could be realized more reliably by operant conditioning of such ensemble activity of neuronal populations typically reflected by synchronized firing of multiple neurons. Engelhard et al. (2013) has recently reported that p ...
... other. Therefore, enhancement of neuronal activity related to brain functions could be realized more reliably by operant conditioning of such ensemble activity of neuronal populations typically reflected by synchronized firing of multiple neurons. Engelhard et al. (2013) has recently reported that p ...
Responses of single neurons in the human brain during flash
... perceptual report of the subjects. In other words, these neurons showed enhanced firing upon presentation of the preferred stimulus during the flash if and only if the image was consciously perceived. We observed neurons that followed the percept in all four areas of the MTL. Given the low number of ...
... perceptual report of the subjects. In other words, these neurons showed enhanced firing upon presentation of the preferred stimulus during the flash if and only if the image was consciously perceived. We observed neurons that followed the percept in all four areas of the MTL. Given the low number of ...
Strategy-dependent Dissociation of the Neural
... shift in insular activity from an anterior to a posterior location.9 The evaluation of aspects of pain, such as control, has also been of significant interest. Wiech et al. attributed activity in the dorsal anterior cingulate, dorsolateral, and anterolateral prefrontal cortices to the emotional reap ...
... shift in insular activity from an anterior to a posterior location.9 The evaluation of aspects of pain, such as control, has also been of significant interest. Wiech et al. attributed activity in the dorsal anterior cingulate, dorsolateral, and anterolateral prefrontal cortices to the emotional reap ...
Connectivity of the human pedunculopontine nucleus region and
... which has directional organization, diffusion varies in different directions, and in areas of coherent fiber organization the principal diffusion direction corresponds to the underlying fiber direction.3,4 Therefore, by following estimates of the principal direction of diffusion it is possible to re ...
... which has directional organization, diffusion varies in different directions, and in areas of coherent fiber organization the principal diffusion direction corresponds to the underlying fiber direction.3,4 Therefore, by following estimates of the principal direction of diffusion it is possible to re ...
The Thalamus
... who had studied at the great school of anatomy at Alexandria. Galen, a prolific writer of anatomical studies and one-time physician to the Roman Emperor, Marcus Aurelius, remained the most influential biomedical scientist until the rebirth of experimentation during the Renaissance. Galen used the Gr ...
... who had studied at the great school of anatomy at Alexandria. Galen, a prolific writer of anatomical studies and one-time physician to the Roman Emperor, Marcus Aurelius, remained the most influential biomedical scientist until the rebirth of experimentation during the Renaissance. Galen used the Gr ...
Cortical evolution and development: Conserved
... features that attracts females of its own species were hypothesized to be roads to insight ...
... features that attracts females of its own species were hypothesized to be roads to insight ...
Hedonic Hotspots Regulate Cingulate-driven
... The integrated coding of cognitive demands and hedonic processing might operate via well-known anatomical connections that loop between these rostral cingulate regions and the basal ganglia (cf. Heimer et al. 1982; Botvinick et al. 2009; Haber and Knutson 2010). We hypothesized that the counter-regu ...
... The integrated coding of cognitive demands and hedonic processing might operate via well-known anatomical connections that loop between these rostral cingulate regions and the basal ganglia (cf. Heimer et al. 1982; Botvinick et al. 2009; Haber and Knutson 2010). We hypothesized that the counter-regu ...
Analysis and Classification of EEG signals using Mixture of
... the brain over a small period of time [1]. The term EEG refers that the brain activity emits the signal from head and being drawn. It is produced by bombardment of neurons within the brain. It is measured for a short duration of 20-40 minutes with the help of placing multiple electrodes over the sca ...
... the brain over a small period of time [1]. The term EEG refers that the brain activity emits the signal from head and being drawn. It is produced by bombardment of neurons within the brain. It is measured for a short duration of 20-40 minutes with the help of placing multiple electrodes over the sca ...
with task performance neural responses and determining their
... The methods we describe here are useful for analyzing the neural data from experiments in which experimental conditions are combinations of multiple stimulus parameters (e.g., sensory stimuli combined with different task instructions). Additionally, they can be applied to both parametric variation ( ...
... The methods we describe here are useful for analyzing the neural data from experiments in which experimental conditions are combinations of multiple stimulus parameters (e.g., sensory stimuli combined with different task instructions). Additionally, they can be applied to both parametric variation ( ...
Table of Contents
... An area just forward of the primary motor cortex is where “mirror neurons” were first discovered accidentally in the mid-1990s. – May play a role in the acquisition of new motor skills, • the imitation of others, • the ability to feel empathy for others, • and dysfunctions in mirror neuron circuits ...
... An area just forward of the primary motor cortex is where “mirror neurons” were first discovered accidentally in the mid-1990s. – May play a role in the acquisition of new motor skills, • the imitation of others, • the ability to feel empathy for others, • and dysfunctions in mirror neuron circuits ...
Functional magnetic resonance imaging
Functional magnetic resonance imaging or functional MRI (fMRI) is a functional neuroimaging procedure using MRI technology that measures brain activity by detecting associated changes in blood flow. This technique relies on the fact that cerebral blood flow and neuronal activation are coupled. When an area of the brain is in use, blood flow to that region also increases.The primary form of fMRI uses the blood-oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) contrast, discovered by Seiji Ogawa. This is a type of specialized brain and body scan used to map neural activity in the brain or spinal cord of humans or other animals by imaging the change in blood flow (hemodynamic response) related to energy use by brain cells. Since the early 1990s, fMRI has come to dominate brain mapping research because it does not require people to undergo shots, surgery, or to ingest substances, or be exposed to radiation, etc. Other methods of obtaining contrast are arterial spin labeling and diffusion MRI.The procedure is similar to MRI but uses the change in magnetization between oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor blood as its basic measure. This measure is frequently corrupted by noise from various sources and hence statistical procedures are used to extract the underlying signal. The resulting brain activation can be presented graphically by color-coding the strength of activation across the brain or the specific region studied. The technique can localize activity to within millimeters but, using standard techniques, no better than within a window of a few seconds.fMRI is used both in the research world, and to a lesser extent, in the clinical world. It can also be combined and complemented with other measures of brain physiology such as EEG and NIRS. Newer methods which improve both spatial and time resolution are being researched, and these largely use biomarkers other than the BOLD signal. Some companies have developed commercial products such as lie detectors based on fMRI techniques, but the research is not believed to be ripe enough for widespread commercialization.