Role of right pregenual anterior cingulate cortex in self
... variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), a neurodegenerative disease that disrupts self-conscious emotion and targets brain regions critical for emotional functioning early in the disease course, and in 33 healthy older controls. Subjects participated in an embarrassing karaoke task in which they wa ...
... variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), a neurodegenerative disease that disrupts self-conscious emotion and targets brain regions critical for emotional functioning early in the disease course, and in 33 healthy older controls. Subjects participated in an embarrassing karaoke task in which they wa ...
The Human Expression of Symmetry: Art and - Smith
... objects and faces, activation of this specialized occipital region seems to be encoding the presence of symmetry in the visual field. Perceptual Processing of Pattern Symmetries Visual perception begins with the projection of a visual image onto the array of retinal cones that each respond over as l ...
... objects and faces, activation of this specialized occipital region seems to be encoding the presence of symmetry in the visual field. Perceptual Processing of Pattern Symmetries Visual perception begins with the projection of a visual image onto the array of retinal cones that each respond over as l ...
Distinct Mechanisms for Processing Spatial Sequences and Pitch
... Perception of the acoustic world requires the simultaneous processing of the acoustic patterns associated with sound objects and their location in space. In this functional magnetic resonance experiment, we investigated the human brain areas engaged in the analysis of pitch sequences and sequences o ...
... Perception of the acoustic world requires the simultaneous processing of the acoustic patterns associated with sound objects and their location in space. In this functional magnetic resonance experiment, we investigated the human brain areas engaged in the analysis of pitch sequences and sequences o ...
Attention maps in the brain - Site BU
... demonstrate that spatial attention can be split into multiple distinct ‘spotlights’ of activation in human occipital cortical regions.31,32 Because fMRI studies are limited by their temporal resolution and spatial attention is capable of moving as fast as every 200–500 milliseconds (e.g., Refs 57–59 ...
... demonstrate that spatial attention can be split into multiple distinct ‘spotlights’ of activation in human occipital cortical regions.31,32 Because fMRI studies are limited by their temporal resolution and spatial attention is capable of moving as fast as every 200–500 milliseconds (e.g., Refs 57–59 ...
Stochastic dynamics as a principle of brain function
... outcome that is reached, and not just its time course, is influenced on each trial by these statistical fluctuations. We show that this stochastic dynamical approach can be used to help understand not only whether signals are perceptually detected on individual trials, but also how probabilistic decis ...
... outcome that is reached, and not just its time course, is influenced on each trial by these statistical fluctuations. We show that this stochastic dynamical approach can be used to help understand not only whether signals are perceptually detected on individual trials, but also how probabilistic decis ...
University of Groningen The hearing brain in males and
... The cochlea is tonotopically organized, which means that each frequency component of a sound stimulates a distinct region of the cochlea. The nerve fibers throughout the auditory system are organized in a systematic way that preserves the tonotopy (Brawer et al., 1974). Axons from the dorsal cochlea ...
... The cochlea is tonotopically organized, which means that each frequency component of a sound stimulates a distinct region of the cochlea. The nerve fibers throughout the auditory system are organized in a systematic way that preserves the tonotopy (Brawer et al., 1974). Axons from the dorsal cochlea ...
Columbia`s psychology
... ETKIN AND WAGER TABLE 1. Summary of the Included Studies for the Meta-Analysis of Functional Neuroimaging Studies in PTSD, Social Anxiety Disorder, and Specific Phobiaa (continued) ...
... ETKIN AND WAGER TABLE 1. Summary of the Included Studies for the Meta-Analysis of Functional Neuroimaging Studies in PTSD, Social Anxiety Disorder, and Specific Phobiaa (continued) ...
Towards the utilization of EEG as a brain imaging tool
... use the EEG only as a spike-counter or an oscilloscope. Many cognitive and clinical EEG studies use the EEG still in its traditional way and analyze grapho-elements at certain electrodes and latencies. We here show that this way of using the EEG is not only dangerous because it leads to misinterpret ...
... use the EEG only as a spike-counter or an oscilloscope. Many cognitive and clinical EEG studies use the EEG still in its traditional way and analyze grapho-elements at certain electrodes and latencies. We here show that this way of using the EEG is not only dangerous because it leads to misinterpret ...
Optogenetic Brain Interfaces
... Deep-brain stimulation (DBS) [2], [3] is an example of this approach which has been reasonably successful in treating some neurological diseases including Parkinson’s. Nonetheless, most interventional therapeutic procedures lack specific-cell-type targeting capabilities and potentially cause serious ...
... Deep-brain stimulation (DBS) [2], [3] is an example of this approach which has been reasonably successful in treating some neurological diseases including Parkinson’s. Nonetheless, most interventional therapeutic procedures lack specific-cell-type targeting capabilities and potentially cause serious ...
The neurophysiological correlates of motor tics following focal
... of the box and arrow model, and extended it to incorporate interactions within the nuclei to view the basal ganglia as performing a process of action selection. In these models, the basal ganglia are viewed as initiating or modulating behaviour by choosing one or more actions out of a multitude of a ...
... of the box and arrow model, and extended it to incorporate interactions within the nuclei to view the basal ganglia as performing a process of action selection. In these models, the basal ganglia are viewed as initiating or modulating behaviour by choosing one or more actions out of a multitude of a ...
Central neural control of the cardiovascular system
... muscles, whose metabolic activity can vary greatly in different circumstances. For example, during maximal exercise in humans, O2 demand can increase to a level up to 50-fold greater than resting levels (49). This is achieved by an enormous increase in blood flow (up to 20-fold) together with a 2- t ...
... muscles, whose metabolic activity can vary greatly in different circumstances. For example, during maximal exercise in humans, O2 demand can increase to a level up to 50-fold greater than resting levels (49). This is achieved by an enormous increase in blood flow (up to 20-fold) together with a 2- t ...
Integrated model of visual processing
... and 2D analysis of luminance borders. The next level is the 2 1 / 2 D sketch that encodes the position and orientation in depth of small surface elements in 3D and the final stage is the 3D representation that corresponds to the representation of objects in three dimensions. Thus, it is a model base ...
... and 2D analysis of luminance borders. The next level is the 2 1 / 2 D sketch that encodes the position and orientation in depth of small surface elements in 3D and the final stage is the 3D representation that corresponds to the representation of objects in three dimensions. Thus, it is a model base ...
Evidence for a distributed hierarchy of action
... he noted how lighting a cigarette involved 20 distinct motor elements that were linked together to accomplish the final, temporally distal goal. The second idea for Bernstein’s action organization is adaptive variability. Given a novel context, we can adaptively recombine or substitute motor elements ...
... he noted how lighting a cigarette involved 20 distinct motor elements that were linked together to accomplish the final, temporally distal goal. The second idea for Bernstein’s action organization is adaptive variability. Given a novel context, we can adaptively recombine or substitute motor elements ...
Alcoholism - Boston University Medical Campus
... based on the common-space FA data; (5) assessment of group differences in anatomic white matter regions according to a priori hypotheses, guided by statistical thresholding; (6) FA values calculated on the spatially normalized data for each subject for the hypothesis-driven regions of interest (ROIs ...
... based on the common-space FA data; (5) assessment of group differences in anatomic white matter regions according to a priori hypotheses, guided by statistical thresholding; (6) FA values calculated on the spatially normalized data for each subject for the hypothesis-driven regions of interest (ROIs ...
Cortical interactions underlying the production of speech sounds
... with specific anatomical locations in the brain. These locations, specified in the Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) coordinate frame, are based on the results of neurophysiological and neuroanatomical studies of speech production and articulation (see Guenther et al., 2006, for details). Since ...
... with specific anatomical locations in the brain. These locations, specified in the Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) coordinate frame, are based on the results of neurophysiological and neuroanatomical studies of speech production and articulation (see Guenther et al., 2006, for details). Since ...
Spatial and temporal correlation between neuron neuronopathic Gaucher disease
... the VPM/VPL, such that it was densely stained by 16 days and was the most affected brain area at this age (Fig. 5A). Optical fractionator estimates of neuron number revealed that the robust microglial activation in the VPM/VPL was accompanied by massive and rapid neuron loss, with a 57% reduction at ...
... the VPM/VPL, such that it was densely stained by 16 days and was the most affected brain area at this age (Fig. 5A). Optical fractionator estimates of neuron number revealed that the robust microglial activation in the VPM/VPL was accompanied by massive and rapid neuron loss, with a 57% reduction at ...
Technical note: Use of a double inversion recovery pulse sequence
... increments in the variation of TI, and TI2 would have been desirable, but this was precluded by the long scan times required (see below). Once the inversion timings needed to selectively image grey and white brain matter had been determined, normal volunteers were scanned to measure the degree of su ...
... increments in the variation of TI, and TI2 would have been desirable, but this was precluded by the long scan times required (see below). Once the inversion timings needed to selectively image grey and white brain matter had been determined, normal volunteers were scanned to measure the degree of su ...
pre_print_Blunted_and_exaggerated_cardiac_stress_reactivity
... reactors during performance of the MSIT. To these ends, the following pre-processing procedures were performed using statistical parametric mapping software (SPM8; Wellcome Trust Centre for the Study of Cognitive Neurology, www.fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk/spm). Slice timing correction was used to correct for ...
... reactors during performance of the MSIT. To these ends, the following pre-processing procedures were performed using statistical parametric mapping software (SPM8; Wellcome Trust Centre for the Study of Cognitive Neurology, www.fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk/spm). Slice timing correction was used to correct for ...
Two-photon imaging and analysis of neural network dynamics
... the microscopic level by extracellular recordings of individual neurons (Jung et al 1957, Mountcastle et al 1957, Hubel and Wiesel 1959). Spikes have been recorded from individual neurons (single ‘units’), from a few separable units, or from groups of inseparable units near the electrode tip (‘multi ...
... the microscopic level by extracellular recordings of individual neurons (Jung et al 1957, Mountcastle et al 1957, Hubel and Wiesel 1959). Spikes have been recorded from individual neurons (single ‘units’), from a few separable units, or from groups of inseparable units near the electrode tip (‘multi ...
nato cc
... the following analysis is focused on forebrain volume (FBV). When relating midsagittal CC size to FBV one has to consider that CC size is measured as an area (mm2) and FBV as a volume (mm3). In addition, CC area is part of the FBV and, thus, contributes to FBV. As a first approach in relating CC siz ...
... the following analysis is focused on forebrain volume (FBV). When relating midsagittal CC size to FBV one has to consider that CC size is measured as an area (mm2) and FBV as a volume (mm3). In addition, CC area is part of the FBV and, thus, contributes to FBV. As a first approach in relating CC siz ...
CEREBRAL ACTIVATION DURING THERMAL
... with neuronal firing [25] [8]. The respective imaging techniques do not directly measure neuronal activity, but translate changes in regional blood flow and blood oxygenation levels associated with such activity into detectable signals. The most common way of detecting brain activity with fMRI is by ...
... with neuronal firing [25] [8]. The respective imaging techniques do not directly measure neuronal activity, but translate changes in regional blood flow and blood oxygenation levels associated with such activity into detectable signals. The most common way of detecting brain activity with fMRI is by ...
FREE Sample Here
... 2.19 The CT Scan and Magnetic Resonance Imaging: How are a CT scan and an MRI helpful in the study of brain structure? The computerized axial tomography (CT) scan uses X-rays to produce images of "slices" of the brain, yielding highly detailed pictures of brain structures. Magnetic resonance ima ...
... 2.19 The CT Scan and Magnetic Resonance Imaging: How are a CT scan and an MRI helpful in the study of brain structure? The computerized axial tomography (CT) scan uses X-rays to produce images of "slices" of the brain, yielding highly detailed pictures of brain structures. Magnetic resonance ima ...
Functional magnetic resonance imaging
Functional magnetic resonance imaging or functional MRI (fMRI) is a functional neuroimaging procedure using MRI technology that measures brain activity by detecting associated changes in blood flow. This technique relies on the fact that cerebral blood flow and neuronal activation are coupled. When an area of the brain is in use, blood flow to that region also increases.The primary form of fMRI uses the blood-oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) contrast, discovered by Seiji Ogawa. This is a type of specialized brain and body scan used to map neural activity in the brain or spinal cord of humans or other animals by imaging the change in blood flow (hemodynamic response) related to energy use by brain cells. Since the early 1990s, fMRI has come to dominate brain mapping research because it does not require people to undergo shots, surgery, or to ingest substances, or be exposed to radiation, etc. Other methods of obtaining contrast are arterial spin labeling and diffusion MRI.The procedure is similar to MRI but uses the change in magnetization between oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor blood as its basic measure. This measure is frequently corrupted by noise from various sources and hence statistical procedures are used to extract the underlying signal. The resulting brain activation can be presented graphically by color-coding the strength of activation across the brain or the specific region studied. The technique can localize activity to within millimeters but, using standard techniques, no better than within a window of a few seconds.fMRI is used both in the research world, and to a lesser extent, in the clinical world. It can also be combined and complemented with other measures of brain physiology such as EEG and NIRS. Newer methods which improve both spatial and time resolution are being researched, and these largely use biomarkers other than the BOLD signal. Some companies have developed commercial products such as lie detectors based on fMRI techniques, but the research is not believed to be ripe enough for widespread commercialization.