Are mesopontine cholinergic neurons either necessary or sufficient
... devoted to study of the biology of these neurons, with particular emphasis upon their role as mediator of the reticular activating system. In the paragraphs below we review the salient evidence relevant to this issue and find that while supportive data exists, it is as of yet impossible to conclude ...
... devoted to study of the biology of these neurons, with particular emphasis upon their role as mediator of the reticular activating system. In the paragraphs below we review the salient evidence relevant to this issue and find that while supportive data exists, it is as of yet impossible to conclude ...
The Anterior Cingulate Cortex - John Allman
... subject is aware of having made an error, there is a negative deflection in one cycle of this oscillation. This phenomenon has been referred to as “error-related negativity” and it arises from anterior cingulate cortex.28–30 There is also a substantial body of data for anterior cingulate cortex from ...
... subject is aware of having made an error, there is a negative deflection in one cycle of this oscillation. This phenomenon has been referred to as “error-related negativity” and it arises from anterior cingulate cortex.28–30 There is also a substantial body of data for anterior cingulate cortex from ...
Emergence of new signal-primitives in neural systems
... Emergence is the process by which new structures and functions come into being. There are two fundamental, but complementary, conceptions of emergence: combinatoric emergence, wherein novelty arises by new combinations of pre-existing elements, and creative emergence, wherein novelty arises by de no ...
... Emergence is the process by which new structures and functions come into being. There are two fundamental, but complementary, conceptions of emergence: combinatoric emergence, wherein novelty arises by new combinations of pre-existing elements, and creative emergence, wherein novelty arises by de no ...
High baseline activity in inferior temporal cortex
... activity was considered noise. However, these human studies do not provide any direct information about the correlation of the baseline activity of single neurons and the behavior. Furthermore, it is not clear how the “oscillation” and the “level” of the neural baseline activity are related to each ...
... activity was considered noise. However, these human studies do not provide any direct information about the correlation of the baseline activity of single neurons and the behavior. Furthermore, it is not clear how the “oscillation” and the “level” of the neural baseline activity are related to each ...
The distributed human neural system for face perception
... gyri. The lateral temporal sites were over the posterior middle temporal gyrus, very near the location of the face-responsive region in the posterior superior temporal sulcus identified by functional brain imaging5,6,8,9,13,35. Usually, face-specific N200 and N700 potentials were recorded from the s ...
... gyri. The lateral temporal sites were over the posterior middle temporal gyrus, very near the location of the face-responsive region in the posterior superior temporal sulcus identified by functional brain imaging5,6,8,9,13,35. Usually, face-specific N200 and N700 potentials were recorded from the s ...
Role of Lactobacillus plantarum MTCC1325 in membrane
... the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/). Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted, provided the original work is properly cited. ...
... the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/). Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted, provided the original work is properly cited. ...
The Cognitive Neuroscience of Human Decision Making: A Review
... Fellows and Farah (2005) replicated the original finding that VMF damage is associated with impaired IGT performance in a group of 9 participants, most of whom had bilateral damage. However, in the same study, unilateral DLF damage (in 12 participants) was also found to be associated with impaired p ...
... Fellows and Farah (2005) replicated the original finding that VMF damage is associated with impaired IGT performance in a group of 9 participants, most of whom had bilateral damage. However, in the same study, unilateral DLF damage (in 12 participants) was also found to be associated with impaired p ...
New Insights on Neural Basis of Choice
... psychologists and neuroscientists, but quite reasonably, economists and marketers are also being aware of the importance of this topic of research. Not surprising, since understanding how humans value goods and how they make choices would improve the effectiveness of marketing strategies. Especially ...
... psychologists and neuroscientists, but quite reasonably, economists and marketers are also being aware of the importance of this topic of research. Not surprising, since understanding how humans value goods and how they make choices would improve the effectiveness of marketing strategies. Especially ...
Read Article - University of Northern Colorado
... rather than volume, Hadjikhani et al. [57] found GM thinning in autism in regions associated with the so-called mirror-neuron system, including pre- and post-central gyri, inferior frontal gyrus, medial frontal gyrus and middle temporal gyrus, all of which were significantly correlated with social a ...
... rather than volume, Hadjikhani et al. [57] found GM thinning in autism in regions associated with the so-called mirror-neuron system, including pre- and post-central gyri, inferior frontal gyrus, medial frontal gyrus and middle temporal gyrus, all of which were significantly correlated with social a ...
The Features and Functions of Neuronal Assemblies: Possible
... a red dye which produces data with relatively high signal-tonoise ratio and more commonly used in vitro (Badin et al., 2013, 2016; Preuss and Stein, 2013; Gandolfi et al., 2015), which has been implicated as a less toxic alternative to blue dyes (themselves originally developed for in vivo applicati ...
... a red dye which produces data with relatively high signal-tonoise ratio and more commonly used in vitro (Badin et al., 2013, 2016; Preuss and Stein, 2013; Gandolfi et al., 2015), which has been implicated as a less toxic alternative to blue dyes (themselves originally developed for in vivo applicati ...
Electroencephalography: Basic Principles, Clinical Applications, and
... restitution of the fast field potentials occurs that is also demonstrable with the conventional EEG. A comparison of the DC shifts and the alterations of the membrane potentials shows a parallelism of both events (Caspers and Speckmann, 1974; Caspers et al., 1979, 1980, 1984; Speckmann and Caspers, ...
... restitution of the fast field potentials occurs that is also demonstrable with the conventional EEG. A comparison of the DC shifts and the alterations of the membrane potentials shows a parallelism of both events (Caspers and Speckmann, 1974; Caspers et al., 1979, 1980, 1984; Speckmann and Caspers, ...
Cerebral blood flow and gray matter volume covariance patterns of
... et al., 2011; Zimmerman et al., 2006]. A recent review of the structural correlates of cognition across that lifespan demonstrated that the direction of these changes is in dispute [Kaup et al., 2011]. Most studies demonstrated positive relationships between GMV and cognitive performance: larger bra ...
... et al., 2011; Zimmerman et al., 2006]. A recent review of the structural correlates of cognition across that lifespan demonstrated that the direction of these changes is in dispute [Kaup et al., 2011]. Most studies demonstrated positive relationships between GMV and cognitive performance: larger bra ...
Time Is Brain—Quantified
... Computed tomography (CT) scans tend to underestimate infarct size because of less contrast between tissue compartments, less spatial resolution, and the “fogging” effect causing isodense appearance of some infarcted tissue during the first 2 weeks to 3 months poststroke. Unless fluid-attenuated inve ...
... Computed tomography (CT) scans tend to underestimate infarct size because of less contrast between tissue compartments, less spatial resolution, and the “fogging” effect causing isodense appearance of some infarcted tissue during the first 2 weeks to 3 months poststroke. Unless fluid-attenuated inve ...
PDF hosted at the Radboud Repository of the Radboud University Nijmegen
... Aertsen et al., 1989; Gerstein et al., 1989; Palm 1990; Singer et al., 1997). Obviously, it becomes necessary to monitor large neuronal populations simultaneously rather than just one neuron at a time. In addition, experi mental approaches are required which address the dynamics o f neuronal intera ...
... Aertsen et al., 1989; Gerstein et al., 1989; Palm 1990; Singer et al., 1997). Obviously, it becomes necessary to monitor large neuronal populations simultaneously rather than just one neuron at a time. In addition, experi mental approaches are required which address the dynamics o f neuronal intera ...
No Binocular Rivalry in the LGN of Alert Macaque Monkeys
... between the inputs to the two eyes, with a mean period of several seconds. The phenomenon has been reviewed by Lehky (1988) and Blake (1989), and there is a substantial body of quantitative human psychophysical data related to it. The work of Levelt (1965) is seminal. It is known that monkeys, as we ...
... between the inputs to the two eyes, with a mean period of several seconds. The phenomenon has been reviewed by Lehky (1988) and Blake (1989), and there is a substantial body of quantitative human psychophysical data related to it. The work of Levelt (1965) is seminal. It is known that monkeys, as we ...
1 Spiking Neurons
... These classical results show that the experimenter as an external observer can evaluate and classify neuronal firing by a spike count measure – but is this really the code used by neurons in the brain? In other words, is a neuron which receives signals from a sensory neuron only looking at and react ...
... These classical results show that the experimenter as an external observer can evaluate and classify neuronal firing by a spike count measure – but is this really the code used by neurons in the brain? In other words, is a neuron which receives signals from a sensory neuron only looking at and react ...
How We Know It Hurts: Item Analysis of Written - Saxelab
... The response in these regions is influenced by the affective aspects of painful experiences, and not just the sensory aspects (for more details see [12]). For example, activity in insula and AMCC is modulated by participants’ anxiety and fear associated with anticipating pain, even prior to any actu ...
... The response in these regions is influenced by the affective aspects of painful experiences, and not just the sensory aspects (for more details see [12]). For example, activity in insula and AMCC is modulated by participants’ anxiety and fear associated with anticipating pain, even prior to any actu ...
Saccadic Suppression of Retinotopically Localized Blood Oxygen
... run. For purposes of quality control, all detected saccadic onsets from all trials were visually inspected by plotting them recursively over the trial period ranging from 100 ms before and after the detected onset point (supplemental Fig. 4, available at www.jneurosci.org as supplemental material). ...
... run. For purposes of quality control, all detected saccadic onsets from all trials were visually inspected by plotting them recursively over the trial period ranging from 100 ms before and after the detected onset point (supplemental Fig. 4, available at www.jneurosci.org as supplemental material). ...
2/ the biological perspective - College Test bank
... o Repeated stimulation of the same region of the brain (the hippocampus) causes neurons to respond vigorously for weeks after the stimulation. This phenomenon is called long-term potentiation (LTP), and appears to be involved in the learning and storing of new information. Neural networks – networ ...
... o Repeated stimulation of the same region of the brain (the hippocampus) causes neurons to respond vigorously for weeks after the stimulation. This phenomenon is called long-term potentiation (LTP), and appears to be involved in the learning and storing of new information. Neural networks – networ ...
2/ the biological perspective - test bank and solution manual for your
... o Repeated stimulation of the same region of the brain (the hippocampus) causes neurons to respond vigorously for weeks after the stimulation. This phenomenon is called long-term potentiation (LTP), and appears to be involved in the learning and storing of new information. Neural networks – networ ...
... o Repeated stimulation of the same region of the brain (the hippocampus) causes neurons to respond vigorously for weeks after the stimulation. This phenomenon is called long-term potentiation (LTP), and appears to be involved in the learning and storing of new information. Neural networks – networ ...
Introduction to Psychology
... What happens during an action potential? The axon membrane is pierced by tiny tunnels or “holes,” called ion channels. Normally, these tiny openings are blocked by molecules that act like “gates” or “doors.” During an action potential, the gates pop open. This allows sodium ions (Na⫹) to rush into t ...
... What happens during an action potential? The axon membrane is pierced by tiny tunnels or “holes,” called ion channels. Normally, these tiny openings are blocked by molecules that act like “gates” or “doors.” During an action potential, the gates pop open. This allows sodium ions (Na⫹) to rush into t ...
T2 - Center for Neural Basis of Cognition
... Remapping occurs at early stages of the visual hierarchy. Corollary discharge has an impact far back into the system. Remapping implies widespread connectivity in which many neurons have rapid access to information well beyond the classical receptive field. Vision is an active process of building re ...
... Remapping occurs at early stages of the visual hierarchy. Corollary discharge has an impact far back into the system. Remapping implies widespread connectivity in which many neurons have rapid access to information well beyond the classical receptive field. Vision is an active process of building re ...
Linking Cognitive Neuroscience and Molecular Genetics: New Perspectives from Williams... Ursula Bellugi and Marie St. George (Eds.)
... brain of subjects. Initial studies revealed that both WMS and DNS leave a distinctive morphological stamp on specific brain regions. Past MRI studies of brain volumes were performed on a group of matched adolescents and young adults with WMS and DNS (Bellugi, Hickok, Lai, & Jernigan, 1997; Jernigan ...
... brain of subjects. Initial studies revealed that both WMS and DNS leave a distinctive morphological stamp on specific brain regions. Past MRI studies of brain volumes were performed on a group of matched adolescents and young adults with WMS and DNS (Bellugi, Hickok, Lai, & Jernigan, 1997; Jernigan ...
The effect of word imagery on priming effect under a preconscious
... and imagery. While brain areas related to word association have been well documented, those linked to word imagery have yet to be identified. The semantic priming effect refers to the promoting effect observed in response to a target word when it is preceded by a semantically related word, compared ...
... and imagery. While brain areas related to word association have been well documented, those linked to word imagery have yet to be identified. The semantic priming effect refers to the promoting effect observed in response to a target word when it is preceded by a semantically related word, compared ...
BETA ACTIVITY: A CARRIER FOR VISUAL ATTENTION
... bands of the EEG have been long studied in clinical research because of their putative functional importance. Old experimental results indicated that repetitive stimulation of the visual pathway evoked synchronous responses at the cortical level with gain depending on frequency: oscillations within ...
... bands of the EEG have been long studied in clinical research because of their putative functional importance. Old experimental results indicated that repetitive stimulation of the visual pathway evoked synchronous responses at the cortical level with gain depending on frequency: oscillations within ...
Functional magnetic resonance imaging
Functional magnetic resonance imaging or functional MRI (fMRI) is a functional neuroimaging procedure using MRI technology that measures brain activity by detecting associated changes in blood flow. This technique relies on the fact that cerebral blood flow and neuronal activation are coupled. When an area of the brain is in use, blood flow to that region also increases.The primary form of fMRI uses the blood-oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) contrast, discovered by Seiji Ogawa. This is a type of specialized brain and body scan used to map neural activity in the brain or spinal cord of humans or other animals by imaging the change in blood flow (hemodynamic response) related to energy use by brain cells. Since the early 1990s, fMRI has come to dominate brain mapping research because it does not require people to undergo shots, surgery, or to ingest substances, or be exposed to radiation, etc. Other methods of obtaining contrast are arterial spin labeling and diffusion MRI.The procedure is similar to MRI but uses the change in magnetization between oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor blood as its basic measure. This measure is frequently corrupted by noise from various sources and hence statistical procedures are used to extract the underlying signal. The resulting brain activation can be presented graphically by color-coding the strength of activation across the brain or the specific region studied. The technique can localize activity to within millimeters but, using standard techniques, no better than within a window of a few seconds.fMRI is used both in the research world, and to a lesser extent, in the clinical world. It can also be combined and complemented with other measures of brain physiology such as EEG and NIRS. Newer methods which improve both spatial and time resolution are being researched, and these largely use biomarkers other than the BOLD signal. Some companies have developed commercial products such as lie detectors based on fMRI techniques, but the research is not believed to be ripe enough for widespread commercialization.