Functional Organization of the Cat Visual Cortex in Relation to the
... enabling visualization of the spatial arrangement of the orientation-preference map have revealed the presence of both linear zones, where orientation preference gradually changes, and singular points and fractures, where orientation preference rapidly changes (Blasdel 1992; Bonhoeffer and Grinvald ...
... enabling visualization of the spatial arrangement of the orientation-preference map have revealed the presence of both linear zones, where orientation preference gradually changes, and singular points and fractures, where orientation preference rapidly changes (Blasdel 1992; Bonhoeffer and Grinvald ...
The Anterior Midline Field: Coercion or decision making? Brain and
... we predicted that (1a) should elicit increased AMF amplitudes if the AMF indeed reflects coercion. However, the effect might occur somewhat later than the 400–450 ms time-window implicated in our previous MEG study, given that the coercion-triggering ableadjective is significantly more complex than th ...
... we predicted that (1a) should elicit increased AMF amplitudes if the AMF indeed reflects coercion. However, the effect might occur somewhat later than the 400–450 ms time-window implicated in our previous MEG study, given that the coercion-triggering ableadjective is significantly more complex than th ...
- Journal of Clinical Investigation
... Rats were euthanized 7 d after injection of hypertonic saline, or earlier if they developed severe neurological symptoms such as seizure, marked lethargy, or paralysis. In addition, six chronically hyponatremic rats without correction were used for examining whether hyponatremia per se would induce ...
... Rats were euthanized 7 d after injection of hypertonic saline, or earlier if they developed severe neurological symptoms such as seizure, marked lethargy, or paralysis. In addition, six chronically hyponatremic rats without correction were used for examining whether hyponatremia per se would induce ...
Neural correlates of attention in primate visual cortex
... Fig. 1. Time course of responses to two stimuli inside the receptive field. (a) The curves indicate the normalized instantaneous firing rate averaged across 64 cells from the middle-temporal area (MT) and the medial superior temporal area (MST). The x-axis plots the time (in ms) from the onset of th ...
... Fig. 1. Time course of responses to two stimuli inside the receptive field. (a) The curves indicate the normalized instantaneous firing rate averaged across 64 cells from the middle-temporal area (MT) and the medial superior temporal area (MST). The x-axis plots the time (in ms) from the onset of th ...
PDF - Journal of the American Heart Association
... for a total 17 minutes of CA because this insult is both clinically relevant and our prior experience suggested that the majority of these animals would be successfully resuscitated so that we could examine mitochondria 4 hours after the injury.17 This model maintains important clinical relevance be ...
... for a total 17 minutes of CA because this insult is both clinically relevant and our prior experience suggested that the majority of these animals would be successfully resuscitated so that we could examine mitochondria 4 hours after the injury.17 This model maintains important clinical relevance be ...
Temporal Plasticity Involved in Recovery from Manual Dexterity
... Lesion induction. An artificial lesion was induced in the hand digit area of M1 by using the same procedure as that used in our previous study (Murata et al., 2008). Topographic motor maps of M1 and PMv were constructed by using ICMS. Under sterile conditions and pentobarbital anesthesia (25 mg/kg), ...
... Lesion induction. An artificial lesion was induced in the hand digit area of M1 by using the same procedure as that used in our previous study (Murata et al., 2008). Topographic motor maps of M1 and PMv were constructed by using ICMS. Under sterile conditions and pentobarbital anesthesia (25 mg/kg), ...
The Neural Bases of Cognitive Conflict and Control in Moral Judgment
... cluster size ⱖ 8 voxels). We note that this baseline comparison is a particularly strong test of the relevant regions’ engagement in our task because these regions are most often found to exhibit decreased neural activity relative to fixation baseline in other studies (Gusnard and Raichle, 2001). To ...
... cluster size ⱖ 8 voxels). We note that this baseline comparison is a particularly strong test of the relevant regions’ engagement in our task because these regions are most often found to exhibit decreased neural activity relative to fixation baseline in other studies (Gusnard and Raichle, 2001). To ...
skull - lms.manhattan.edu
... -Allows blood to flow in either direction, this is a problem because it may create a route for blood-borne-pathogens to pass from the body to the brain and the brain to the body…. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a membranic structure that acts primarily to protect the brain from chemicals in the bl ...
... -Allows blood to flow in either direction, this is a problem because it may create a route for blood-borne-pathogens to pass from the body to the brain and the brain to the body…. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a membranic structure that acts primarily to protect the brain from chemicals in the bl ...
Sample
... b) has received, in its dendrites, appropriate inputs from other neurons Correct. A neuron fires after the dendrites receive enough stimulation to trigger the cell body to generate an action potential. c) is unable to transmit information to another neuron d) has become more negative in charge Incor ...
... b) has received, in its dendrites, appropriate inputs from other neurons Correct. A neuron fires after the dendrites receive enough stimulation to trigger the cell body to generate an action potential. c) is unable to transmit information to another neuron d) has become more negative in charge Incor ...
pdf, 1 MiB - Infoscience
... corresponding detailed list of sentences from neuroscientific articles. For example, Supplementary Figure 3 displays the extracted sentences between the Allen Brain Atlas regions “Periaqueductal gray” and “Nucleus accumbens.” Each sentence is itself linked to PubMed so that the user can go back to t ...
... corresponding detailed list of sentences from neuroscientific articles. For example, Supplementary Figure 3 displays the extracted sentences between the Allen Brain Atlas regions “Periaqueductal gray” and “Nucleus accumbens.” Each sentence is itself linked to PubMed so that the user can go back to t ...
CORTICAL AFFERENT INPUT TO THE PRINCIPALS REGION OF THE RHESUS MONKEY H.
... relative proportion of labeled cells in visual, auditory, somatosensory, premotor and limbic cortical areas projecting to each site. The only site with a significant proportion of projections from visual association areas was the ventral bank of the caudal principalis region (Fig. IB, Z), whereas th ...
... relative proportion of labeled cells in visual, auditory, somatosensory, premotor and limbic cortical areas projecting to each site. The only site with a significant proportion of projections from visual association areas was the ventral bank of the caudal principalis region (Fig. IB, Z), whereas th ...
Isn`t it ironic? Neural Correlates of Irony Comprehension in
... Ironic remarks are frequent in everyday language and represent an important form of social cognition. Increasing evidence indicates a deficit in comprehension in schizophrenia. Several models for defective comprehension have been proposed, including possible roles of the medial prefrontal lobe, defa ...
... Ironic remarks are frequent in everyday language and represent an important form of social cognition. Increasing evidence indicates a deficit in comprehension in schizophrenia. Several models for defective comprehension have been proposed, including possible roles of the medial prefrontal lobe, defa ...
Neural representation of object orientation: A dissociation between
... 7.1 minute run 160 objects and 160 scrambled images were presented. Object-selective ROIs were functionally defined as regions in occipital and ventral temporal cortex that responded more strongly to objects than to scrambled objects (FDR b .05), with cluster threshold of 4 voxels (see Fig. 4). Objec ...
... 7.1 minute run 160 objects and 160 scrambled images were presented. Object-selective ROIs were functionally defined as regions in occipital and ventral temporal cortex that responded more strongly to objects than to scrambled objects (FDR b .05), with cluster threshold of 4 voxels (see Fig. 4). Objec ...
Spontaneously T1-Hyperintense Lesions of the Brain on MRI: A
... cortical gray matter and subcortical white matter, venous occlusions secondary to thrombophlebitis, hypercoagulable states, dehydration, oral contraceptive usage, and tumoral encasement lead to areas of infarction that do not correspond to arterial distributions and primarily affect the subcortical ...
... cortical gray matter and subcortical white matter, venous occlusions secondary to thrombophlebitis, hypercoagulable states, dehydration, oral contraceptive usage, and tumoral encasement lead to areas of infarction that do not correspond to arterial distributions and primarily affect the subcortical ...
Cognitive spatial-motor processes
... In the present study we focused on the systematic study of changes in neuronal activity in tasks with or without delay with respect to the direction of movement in a 2-dimensional (2-D) space. This provided degrees of freedom unavailable in previous studies (quoted above) in which flexion-extension, ...
... In the present study we focused on the systematic study of changes in neuronal activity in tasks with or without delay with respect to the direction of movement in a 2-dimensional (2-D) space. This provided degrees of freedom unavailable in previous studies (quoted above) in which flexion-extension, ...
The development of emotion regulation: an fMRI
... In addition to engaging cognitive control processes, reappraisal also involves representing the mental states of the self and others (as one attends to one’s own emotional state or rethinks those of others during the reappraisal process; Ochsner et al., 2004; Ochsner et al., 2009; McRae et al., in p ...
... In addition to engaging cognitive control processes, reappraisal also involves representing the mental states of the self and others (as one attends to one’s own emotional state or rethinks those of others during the reappraisal process; Ochsner et al., 2004; Ochsner et al., 2009; McRae et al., in p ...
Dissociable Functions in the Medial and Lateral Orbitofrontal Cortex
... in higher-order cognition (Goldman-Rakic, 1987; Fuster, 1997). ...
... in higher-order cognition (Goldman-Rakic, 1987; Fuster, 1997). ...
Experimental Brain Research 221(1)
... Baumann et al. 2009); for recent reviews on grasping see (Castiello 2005; Tunik et al. 2007; Castiello and Begliomini 2008; Grafton 2010; Davare et al. 2011a). Consistent with these subdivisions, microstimulation of different parts of monkey PPC evokes a vast array of complex movements, including re ...
... Baumann et al. 2009); for recent reviews on grasping see (Castiello 2005; Tunik et al. 2007; Castiello and Begliomini 2008; Grafton 2010; Davare et al. 2011a). Consistent with these subdivisions, microstimulation of different parts of monkey PPC evokes a vast array of complex movements, including re ...
View PDF - CiteSeerX
... honeybees: Mobbs 1982; Bicker et al. 1985). In the honeybee MB approximately 50 feedback neurons connect the dorsal and median a-lobe, the b-lobe, and the pedunculus with all ipsilateral calycal subcompartments, lip, collar, and basal ring (GruÈnewald 1999). Initial physiological studies have shown ...
... honeybees: Mobbs 1982; Bicker et al. 1985). In the honeybee MB approximately 50 feedback neurons connect the dorsal and median a-lobe, the b-lobe, and the pedunculus with all ipsilateral calycal subcompartments, lip, collar, and basal ring (GruÈnewald 1999). Initial physiological studies have shown ...
Brain Facts: A Primer On The Brain And Nervous System
... developments in neuroscience research and their implications for public policy, societal benefit, and continued scientific progress. The exchange of scientific information occurs at an annual fall meeting where more than 16,000 reports of new scientific findings are presented and more than 30,000 pe ...
... developments in neuroscience research and their implications for public policy, societal benefit, and continued scientific progress. The exchange of scientific information occurs at an annual fall meeting where more than 16,000 reports of new scientific findings are presented and more than 30,000 pe ...
Spontaneous activity and functional connectivity in the developing
... of functional connectivity in its input and output pathways. Characterization of spontaneous activity within these pathways provides insight into their functional status in early development. In the present study we recorded extracellular activity from the interpositus nucleus (IP) and its primary d ...
... of functional connectivity in its input and output pathways. Characterization of spontaneous activity within these pathways provides insight into their functional status in early development. In the present study we recorded extracellular activity from the interpositus nucleus (IP) and its primary d ...
Articulation-based sound perception in verbal repetition: a functional
... (pseudowords) was supported by articulatory codes separately reserved in left inferior frontal gyrus (LIFG). It implies that before learning, speech perception might be supported by articulatory circuits for movement imitation (Iacoboni, 2005; Iacoboni and Dapretto, 2006). Furthermore, if it were th ...
... (pseudowords) was supported by articulatory codes separately reserved in left inferior frontal gyrus (LIFG). It implies that before learning, speech perception might be supported by articulatory circuits for movement imitation (Iacoboni, 2005; Iacoboni and Dapretto, 2006). Furthermore, if it were th ...
Reward-Dependent Spatial Selectivity of Anticipatory Activity in
... eye fields, and send outputs to the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) directly and indirectly, which in turn inhibits the superior colliculus. In addition to neurons showing visual or saccade-related activities (Hikosaka et al. 1989a,b), many CD neurons show anticipatory activities before diffe ...
... eye fields, and send outputs to the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) directly and indirectly, which in turn inhibits the superior colliculus. In addition to neurons showing visual or saccade-related activities (Hikosaka et al. 1989a,b), many CD neurons show anticipatory activities before diffe ...
Contributions of cortical feedback to sensory processing in primary
... a functional map of columnar orientation preference and ocular dominance. These milestone findings furnished the (still current) textbook accounts of V1, which are dedicated to the feedforward cascade of processing and biased to neuronal spiking as recorded in electrophysiology. However, owing to inc ...
... a functional map of columnar orientation preference and ocular dominance. These milestone findings furnished the (still current) textbook accounts of V1, which are dedicated to the feedforward cascade of processing and biased to neuronal spiking as recorded in electrophysiology. However, owing to inc ...
Implantable microcoils for intracortical magnetic
... is required, it is well established that prolonged implantation into the cortex induces a foreign body response that can lead to the formation of a high-impedance glial sheath around the implant with a resultant increase in distance to targeted neurons (11, 12). Migration of neurons away from the im ...
... is required, it is well established that prolonged implantation into the cortex induces a foreign body response that can lead to the formation of a high-impedance glial sheath around the implant with a resultant increase in distance to targeted neurons (11, 12). Migration of neurons away from the im ...
Functional magnetic resonance imaging
Functional magnetic resonance imaging or functional MRI (fMRI) is a functional neuroimaging procedure using MRI technology that measures brain activity by detecting associated changes in blood flow. This technique relies on the fact that cerebral blood flow and neuronal activation are coupled. When an area of the brain is in use, blood flow to that region also increases.The primary form of fMRI uses the blood-oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) contrast, discovered by Seiji Ogawa. This is a type of specialized brain and body scan used to map neural activity in the brain or spinal cord of humans or other animals by imaging the change in blood flow (hemodynamic response) related to energy use by brain cells. Since the early 1990s, fMRI has come to dominate brain mapping research because it does not require people to undergo shots, surgery, or to ingest substances, or be exposed to radiation, etc. Other methods of obtaining contrast are arterial spin labeling and diffusion MRI.The procedure is similar to MRI but uses the change in magnetization between oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor blood as its basic measure. This measure is frequently corrupted by noise from various sources and hence statistical procedures are used to extract the underlying signal. The resulting brain activation can be presented graphically by color-coding the strength of activation across the brain or the specific region studied. The technique can localize activity to within millimeters but, using standard techniques, no better than within a window of a few seconds.fMRI is used both in the research world, and to a lesser extent, in the clinical world. It can also be combined and complemented with other measures of brain physiology such as EEG and NIRS. Newer methods which improve both spatial and time resolution are being researched, and these largely use biomarkers other than the BOLD signal. Some companies have developed commercial products such as lie detectors based on fMRI techniques, but the research is not believed to be ripe enough for widespread commercialization.