Saccade-Related Spread of Activity Across Superior Colliculus May
... with respect to the peripheral field. The visual projection forms a nonlinear, approximately logarithmic, map on the SC. Models of the SC commonly assume that the function defining the strength of neuronal connections within this map (the kernel) depends only on the distance between two neurons, and ...
... with respect to the peripheral field. The visual projection forms a nonlinear, approximately logarithmic, map on the SC. Models of the SC commonly assume that the function defining the strength of neuronal connections within this map (the kernel) depends only on the distance between two neurons, and ...
Responses of primate frontal cortex neurons during natural vocal
... previous studies reporting that phee calls produced within 10 s of a conspecific call were typically produced in response to the preceding call, while calls produced after this time period were generally vocalizations produced to elicit a response (Miller and Wang 2006). Experimental tests showed th ...
... previous studies reporting that phee calls produced within 10 s of a conspecific call were typically produced in response to the preceding call, while calls produced after this time period were generally vocalizations produced to elicit a response (Miller and Wang 2006). Experimental tests showed th ...
Volitional enhancement of firing synchrony and oscillation by
... and synchrony of individual neurons and neuron pairs during the conditioning revealed that the firing rates and synchrony of some but not all neurons and neuron pairs increased in each group of neighboring neurons (Figures 5, 6). No firing enhancement was observed in any neurons and neuron pairs rec ...
... and synchrony of individual neurons and neuron pairs during the conditioning revealed that the firing rates and synchrony of some but not all neurons and neuron pairs increased in each group of neighboring neurons (Figures 5, 6). No firing enhancement was observed in any neurons and neuron pairs rec ...
Probabilistic Anatomic Mapping of Cerebral Blood Flow Distribution
... hence, the automated anatomic labeling of individual brain imaging data. Methods: In the current study, probabilistic maps of the blood flow distribution of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) were developed using the basal and MCA brain SPECT images. Twenty-nine patients (mean age 6 SD, 54.6 6 6.1 y) ...
... hence, the automated anatomic labeling of individual brain imaging data. Methods: In the current study, probabilistic maps of the blood flow distribution of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) were developed using the basal and MCA brain SPECT images. Twenty-nine patients (mean age 6 SD, 54.6 6 6.1 y) ...
Vigneau et al.
... addition to generating substantial empirical data on this subject in the form of thousands of activation peak coordinates reported in a decade of language studies. We performed a large-scale meta-analysis of this literature, aimed at defining the composition of the phonological, semantic, and senten ...
... addition to generating substantial empirical data on this subject in the form of thousands of activation peak coordinates reported in a decade of language studies. We performed a large-scale meta-analysis of this literature, aimed at defining the composition of the phonological, semantic, and senten ...
No Slide Title
... and effects of acute attacks therapies. Brain. 1994;117 ( Pt 3):427-434 Olesen J, Diener H-C, Husstedt IW et al. Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Receptor Antagonist BIBN 4096 BS for the Acute Treatment of Migraine. N Engl J Med. 2004;350:1104-1110 Ho TW, Mannix LK, Fan X et al. Randomized controlled ...
... and effects of acute attacks therapies. Brain. 1994;117 ( Pt 3):427-434 Olesen J, Diener H-C, Husstedt IW et al. Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Receptor Antagonist BIBN 4096 BS for the Acute Treatment of Migraine. N Engl J Med. 2004;350:1104-1110 Ho TW, Mannix LK, Fan X et al. Randomized controlled ...
What Can an Orbitofrontal Cortex- Endowed Animal
... quality,28 collected 30 min before and 30 min. after prolonged TG exposure, provided a behavioral index of perceptual learning. Using an integrated parallel acquisition technique known as GRAPPA, we obtained T2∗ -weighted echoplanar images on a Siemens Trio 3-T MRI scanner (Siemens Medical Solutions ...
... quality,28 collected 30 min before and 30 min. after prolonged TG exposure, provided a behavioral index of perceptual learning. Using an integrated parallel acquisition technique known as GRAPPA, we obtained T2∗ -weighted echoplanar images on a Siemens Trio 3-T MRI scanner (Siemens Medical Solutions ...
Wang et al 2photon calcium imaging of odor in fly brain cell 2003
... mechanism of odor discrimination has been shared, despite the five hundred million years of evolution separating insects from mammals. The convergence of like axons into discrete glomerular structures provides a map of receptor activation in the first relay station for olfactory information in the b ...
... mechanism of odor discrimination has been shared, despite the five hundred million years of evolution separating insects from mammals. The convergence of like axons into discrete glomerular structures provides a map of receptor activation in the first relay station for olfactory information in the b ...
Mapping the Structural Core of Human Cerebral Cortex
... regional cortical connectivity [26–29]. Previous studies have demonstrated small-world attributes and exponential degree distributions within such structural human brain networks [26,27]. In the present study, using diffusion spectrum imaging (DSI) we derived high-resolution cortical connection matr ...
... regional cortical connectivity [26–29]. Previous studies have demonstrated small-world attributes and exponential degree distributions within such structural human brain networks [26,27]. In the present study, using diffusion spectrum imaging (DSI) we derived high-resolution cortical connection matr ...
Mapping the Structural Core of Human Cerebral Cortex
... regional cortical connectivity [26–29]. Previous studies have demonstrated small-world attributes and exponential degree distributions within such structural human brain networks [26,27]. In the present study, using diffusion spectrum imaging (DSI) we derived high-resolution cortical connection matr ...
... regional cortical connectivity [26–29]. Previous studies have demonstrated small-world attributes and exponential degree distributions within such structural human brain networks [26,27]. In the present study, using diffusion spectrum imaging (DSI) we derived high-resolution cortical connection matr ...
Does the End Justify the Means?
... role in a possible model of imitation (Arbib et al., 2000). The human homologue of F5 is believed to be Broca’s area (left inferior frontal and gyrus), which would have similar mirror properties (see Rizzolatti et al., 2001). Indeed, an fMRI performed by Iacoboni et al. (1999) found this area during ...
... role in a possible model of imitation (Arbib et al., 2000). The human homologue of F5 is believed to be Broca’s area (left inferior frontal and gyrus), which would have similar mirror properties (see Rizzolatti et al., 2001). Indeed, an fMRI performed by Iacoboni et al. (1999) found this area during ...
Estimating efficiency a priori - Wellcome Trust Centre for
... ferences in error variance are negligible, the relative efficiency can be predicted from the design alone. In summary, we present an event-related fMRI study of single word reading which involved acquiring data using two stimulus sequences associated with different efficiencies. We aimed to (i) show ...
... ferences in error variance are negligible, the relative efficiency can be predicted from the design alone. In summary, we present an event-related fMRI study of single word reading which involved acquiring data using two stimulus sequences associated with different efficiencies. We aimed to (i) show ...
A Cholinergic Mechanism for Reward Timing within Primary Visual Cortex Please share
... NIH Public Access Author Manuscript Neuron. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2014 February 20. ...
... NIH Public Access Author Manuscript Neuron. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2014 February 20. ...
Toward a Unified Theory of Visual Area V4
... V4’s functional role remains elusive. This is in part due to the complexity of V4. V4 comprises cells that exhibit diverse receptive field preferences related to surface properties (color, brightness, texture), shape (orientation, curvature), motion and motion contrast, and depth. V4 has also been a ...
... V4’s functional role remains elusive. This is in part due to the complexity of V4. V4 comprises cells that exhibit diverse receptive field preferences related to surface properties (color, brightness, texture), shape (orientation, curvature), motion and motion contrast, and depth. V4 has also been a ...
Common and Distinct Neural Substrates for Pragmatic, Semantic
... representation of meaning (Kintsch, 1988; JohnsonLaird, 1987). As these different forms of linguistic information have different rules and representations, they are generally acknowledged to be independent of one another. However, a fundamental question is whether this linguistic autonomy is paralle ...
... representation of meaning (Kintsch, 1988; JohnsonLaird, 1987). As these different forms of linguistic information have different rules and representations, they are generally acknowledged to be independent of one another. However, a fundamental question is whether this linguistic autonomy is paralle ...
Chapter 5 - Wake Forest University
... • In the late nineteenth century, Franz Nissl, a German neurologist, discovered that a dye known as methylene blue would stain the cell bodies of brain tissue. • The material that takes up the dye, known as the Nissl substance, consists of RNA, DNA, and associated proteins located in the nucleus and ...
... • In the late nineteenth century, Franz Nissl, a German neurologist, discovered that a dye known as methylene blue would stain the cell bodies of brain tissue. • The material that takes up the dye, known as the Nissl substance, consists of RNA, DNA, and associated proteins located in the nucleus and ...
neuronal coding of prediction errors
... outcomes (reward, punishment, behavioral reactions, external stimuli, internal states). Outcomes whose magnitude or frequency is different than predicted modify behavior in a direction that reduces the discrepancy between the outcome and its prediction. Changes in predictions and behavior continue u ...
... outcomes (reward, punishment, behavioral reactions, external stimuli, internal states). Outcomes whose magnitude or frequency is different than predicted modify behavior in a direction that reduces the discrepancy between the outcome and its prediction. Changes in predictions and behavior continue u ...
Diffusion Tensor Imaging - Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory
... the upward spins are on a lower energetic level compared to the downward spins. In order to keep the energetic balance, there are more upward- oriented spins. The surplus of spins oriented upward causes a constant magnetization along the axis of the static magnetic field (z-axis which is also calle ...
... the upward spins are on a lower energetic level compared to the downward spins. In order to keep the energetic balance, there are more upward- oriented spins. The surplus of spins oriented upward causes a constant magnetization along the axis of the static magnetic field (z-axis which is also calle ...
The role of the medial frontal cortex in the maintenance of emotional
... In a follow-up to the Mikels et al. (2008) study, investigators examined possible mechanisms that underlay emotion maintenance (C.E. Waugh and I.H. Gotlib, unpublished data). These investigators adapted Mikels et al.’s emotional working memory task, but instead of using a cognitive working memory ta ...
... In a follow-up to the Mikels et al. (2008) study, investigators examined possible mechanisms that underlay emotion maintenance (C.E. Waugh and I.H. Gotlib, unpublished data). These investigators adapted Mikels et al.’s emotional working memory task, but instead of using a cognitive working memory ta ...
PDF - Bentham Open
... NeuroImages (AFNI) software package [47] was used for the fMRI analyses. Echo-planar time series data were slice time corrected, motion corrected, concatenated, reregistered to the fifth volume of the first imaging block, and spatially blurred using a 4 mm full-width-at-half-maximum Gaussian filter. ...
... NeuroImages (AFNI) software package [47] was used for the fMRI analyses. Echo-planar time series data were slice time corrected, motion corrected, concatenated, reregistered to the fifth volume of the first imaging block, and spatially blurred using a 4 mm full-width-at-half-maximum Gaussian filter. ...
A Comprehensive Protocol for Manual Segmentation of the Medial
... specifically targeted for analyses. This will not only increase localization accuracy but will also help tracers make informed decisions in cases of morphological variation, which is highly likely in the MTL. These guidelines can be applied to research involving structural and/or functional MRI inve ...
... specifically targeted for analyses. This will not only increase localization accuracy but will also help tracers make informed decisions in cases of morphological variation, which is highly likely in the MTL. These guidelines can be applied to research involving structural and/or functional MRI inve ...
The role of spiking nonlinearity in contrast gain control
... The threshold and saturation inside the model determines the gain tuning property and maximum coding capacity. This framework provides an understanding of some basic design principles underlying information processing systems that can be adjusted to match the statistics of signals in the environment ...
... The threshold and saturation inside the model determines the gain tuning property and maximum coding capacity. This framework provides an understanding of some basic design principles underlying information processing systems that can be adjusted to match the statistics of signals in the environment ...
Auto-structure of presynaptic activity defines postsynaptic firing
... interspike intervals. The Fano factor of the coincidence count distribution for pairs of processes with identical spike-rates is represented in Fig. 3A for several coefficients of variations (CV ). High values of F FC indicate strong clustering. To describe the changes of F Fc we will use the Poisso ...
... interspike intervals. The Fano factor of the coincidence count distribution for pairs of processes with identical spike-rates is represented in Fig. 3A for several coefficients of variations (CV ). High values of F FC indicate strong clustering. To describe the changes of F Fc we will use the Poisso ...
The role of the medial frontal cortex in the
... In a follow-up to the Mikels et al. (2008) study, investigators examined possible mechanisms that underlay emotion maintenance (C.E. Waugh and I.H. Gotlib, unpublished data). These investigators adapted Mikels et al.’s emotional working memory task, but instead of using a cognitive working memory ta ...
... In a follow-up to the Mikels et al. (2008) study, investigators examined possible mechanisms that underlay emotion maintenance (C.E. Waugh and I.H. Gotlib, unpublished data). These investigators adapted Mikels et al.’s emotional working memory task, but instead of using a cognitive working memory ta ...
Brain Oscillations Control Timing of Single
... 5Functional Neurosurgery Unit, Tel-Aviv Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel ...
... 5Functional Neurosurgery Unit, Tel-Aviv Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel ...
Functional magnetic resonance imaging
Functional magnetic resonance imaging or functional MRI (fMRI) is a functional neuroimaging procedure using MRI technology that measures brain activity by detecting associated changes in blood flow. This technique relies on the fact that cerebral blood flow and neuronal activation are coupled. When an area of the brain is in use, blood flow to that region also increases.The primary form of fMRI uses the blood-oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) contrast, discovered by Seiji Ogawa. This is a type of specialized brain and body scan used to map neural activity in the brain or spinal cord of humans or other animals by imaging the change in blood flow (hemodynamic response) related to energy use by brain cells. Since the early 1990s, fMRI has come to dominate brain mapping research because it does not require people to undergo shots, surgery, or to ingest substances, or be exposed to radiation, etc. Other methods of obtaining contrast are arterial spin labeling and diffusion MRI.The procedure is similar to MRI but uses the change in magnetization between oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor blood as its basic measure. This measure is frequently corrupted by noise from various sources and hence statistical procedures are used to extract the underlying signal. The resulting brain activation can be presented graphically by color-coding the strength of activation across the brain or the specific region studied. The technique can localize activity to within millimeters but, using standard techniques, no better than within a window of a few seconds.fMRI is used both in the research world, and to a lesser extent, in the clinical world. It can also be combined and complemented with other measures of brain physiology such as EEG and NIRS. Newer methods which improve both spatial and time resolution are being researched, and these largely use biomarkers other than the BOLD signal. Some companies have developed commercial products such as lie detectors based on fMRI techniques, but the research is not believed to be ripe enough for widespread commercialization.