Reconstructing the Engram: Neurotechnique Simultaneous, Multisite
... responses from the same ensemble of 30 neurons in the SI cortex. Inspection of each of these population maps reveals that the same cortical neurons contributed, with different response magnitudes and latencies, to the responses triggered by the stimulation of different whiskers (Figure 5). Only by r ...
... responses from the same ensemble of 30 neurons in the SI cortex. Inspection of each of these population maps reveals that the same cortical neurons contributed, with different response magnitudes and latencies, to the responses triggered by the stimulation of different whiskers (Figure 5). Only by r ...
annual report of the erwin l. hahn institute for magnetic resonance
... witnessed the insertion of the world’s first 32-channel body radiofrequency (RF) coil and associated RF hardware into our centerpiece, the 7T whole-body ultrahigh field MRI system. This marks an important step after years of thorough planning, creative and courageous RF engineering and long hours of ...
... witnessed the insertion of the world’s first 32-channel body radiofrequency (RF) coil and associated RF hardware into our centerpiece, the 7T whole-body ultrahigh field MRI system. This marks an important step after years of thorough planning, creative and courageous RF engineering and long hours of ...
Sensorimotor Neural Plasticity following Hand Transplantation
... well established (Grinsell & Keating, 2014); however, there is still much we do not know about cortical reorganization after transplantation ofperipheral limbs. Through the use of Magnetoencephalography (MEG), we were able to study brain connectivity in a 24-year old male who underwent hand transpla ...
... well established (Grinsell & Keating, 2014); however, there is still much we do not know about cortical reorganization after transplantation ofperipheral limbs. Through the use of Magnetoencephalography (MEG), we were able to study brain connectivity in a 24-year old male who underwent hand transpla ...
DISSOCIATION OF TARGET SELECTION AND SACCADE
... incorporated into sequential sampling models of perceptual or memory decisions. This and much other evidence indicates that RT is the expression of at least two distinct but not necessarily discrete stages of processing – encoding+categorization (decide that) and response preparation (decide to). ...
... incorporated into sequential sampling models of perceptual or memory decisions. This and much other evidence indicates that RT is the expression of at least two distinct but not necessarily discrete stages of processing – encoding+categorization (decide that) and response preparation (decide to). ...
Inferring functional connections between neurons
... for a wide variety of signals ranging from fMRI and PET imaging to simultaneous recordings of many single neurons [1–3,4,5]. In this review we focus on the ideas underlying new techniques for the inference of functional connectivity from spike data. It has long been known that neurons, even when th ...
... for a wide variety of signals ranging from fMRI and PET imaging to simultaneous recordings of many single neurons [1–3,4,5]. In this review we focus on the ideas underlying new techniques for the inference of functional connectivity from spike data. It has long been known that neurons, even when th ...
Baars - neurofeedback - Aspen2008
... 9. Bladder control, heart-rate, blood pressure, 10. Chronic pain, fibromyalgia - cortical pain may depend on slow rhythms. This is not to say that these are mature, well-tested treatments. However, the very wide range and robust short-term effects are quite remarkable. They tell us something fundame ...
... 9. Bladder control, heart-rate, blood pressure, 10. Chronic pain, fibromyalgia - cortical pain may depend on slow rhythms. This is not to say that these are mature, well-tested treatments. However, the very wide range and robust short-term effects are quite remarkable. They tell us something fundame ...
PPT - 서울대 Biointelligence lab
... Central problem in neuroscience: How the brain or neocortex codes information and how the signals are used by neuronal processes for the control of behavior “self-referencing system” “ongoing self-maintaining system” – so treating brain as an input-output system can have only limited success. Many s ...
... Central problem in neuroscience: How the brain or neocortex codes information and how the signals are used by neuronal processes for the control of behavior “self-referencing system” “ongoing self-maintaining system” – so treating brain as an input-output system can have only limited success. Many s ...
Conjunction Inference Using the Bayesian Interpretation of the
... null is true, Hi = 1 that the null is false. The False Discovery Rate (FDR) [3,4] is the fraction of false positives among suprathreshold voxels. Let R(u) be the number of voxels above a threshold u (the number of rejections), and let R0(u) be the number of those voxels with true nulls (the number o ...
... null is true, Hi = 1 that the null is false. The False Discovery Rate (FDR) [3,4] is the fraction of false positives among suprathreshold voxels. Let R(u) be the number of voxels above a threshold u (the number of rejections), and let R0(u) be the number of those voxels with true nulls (the number o ...
Report 2
... spoken or written action words should activate cortical areas involved in action control and execution in a category-specific somatotopic fashion, depending on the semantics of the action words. As the cortical areas of action control and execution can be defined experimentally, one could in princip ...
... spoken or written action words should activate cortical areas involved in action control and execution in a category-specific somatotopic fashion, depending on the semantics of the action words. As the cortical areas of action control and execution can be defined experimentally, one could in princip ...
xiao-ying-lu-southeast-university
... for investigating the electrical signal transmission and processing mechanism among neuron clusters in neural network, studying the function of the whole nervous system, thus overcome the “Great Gap” in brain research. ...
... for investigating the electrical signal transmission and processing mechanism among neuron clusters in neural network, studying the function of the whole nervous system, thus overcome the “Great Gap” in brain research. ...
Three approaches to investigating functional compromise to the
... models due to the heterogeneous nature of human TBI (e.g., heterogeneity in injury location, severity, and mechanism) (Doppenberg and Bullock 1997). Biomarkers of TAI may aid in the selection of patients for participation in clinical trials of white matter-directed therapies or as surrogate measures ...
... models due to the heterogeneous nature of human TBI (e.g., heterogeneity in injury location, severity, and mechanism) (Doppenberg and Bullock 1997). Biomarkers of TAI may aid in the selection of patients for participation in clinical trials of white matter-directed therapies or as surrogate measures ...
Neurophysiology: Serotonin`s many meanings elude simple theories
... However, there is both electrophysiological and optogenetic evidence that serotonin is involved in many other roles, such as rhythmic motor activity (Ranade and Mainen, 2009). There is also recent, direct, evidence for its association with reward (Liu et al., 2014). Indeed, the fact that selective s ...
... However, there is both electrophysiological and optogenetic evidence that serotonin is involved in many other roles, such as rhythmic motor activity (Ranade and Mainen, 2009). There is also recent, direct, evidence for its association with reward (Liu et al., 2014). Indeed, the fact that selective s ...
Disrupted small-world networks in schizophrenia
... The human brain has been described as a large, sparse, complex network characterized by efficient small-world properties, which assure that the brain generates and integrates information with high efficiency. Many previous neuroimaging studies have provided consistent evidence of ‘dysfunctional conn ...
... The human brain has been described as a large, sparse, complex network characterized by efficient small-world properties, which assure that the brain generates and integrates information with high efficiency. Many previous neuroimaging studies have provided consistent evidence of ‘dysfunctional conn ...
PAPER Glucosensing neurons do more than just sense glucose
... brain areas such as the hypothalamus, glucosensing neurons also contain receptors for insulin, leptin, monoamines and other transmitters and peptides involved in energy homeostasis.8 – 12 Thus, many or all glucosensing neurons respond to both short- and long-term signals relating to both the physica ...
... brain areas such as the hypothalamus, glucosensing neurons also contain receptors for insulin, leptin, monoamines and other transmitters and peptides involved in energy homeostasis.8 – 12 Thus, many or all glucosensing neurons respond to both short- and long-term signals relating to both the physica ...
Understanding the Brain - NSTA Learning Center
... Test your knowledge! Your students know that you took this course and want to know how marijuana works. You tell them that the THC in “pot” works similarly to morphine. It binds to a target to change the neuron firing rate. Which is the target and what happens to the firing rate? ...
... Test your knowledge! Your students know that you took this course and want to know how marijuana works. You tell them that the THC in “pot” works similarly to morphine. It binds to a target to change the neuron firing rate. Which is the target and what happens to the firing rate? ...
brain –computer interface - Nexus Academic Publishers
... between two consecutive answers and the EEG trial duration is the duration of EEG that the BCI needs to analyze in order to generate an answer. We assume that every EEG trial elicits a system answer. ...
... between two consecutive answers and the EEG trial duration is the duration of EEG that the BCI needs to analyze in order to generate an answer. We assume that every EEG trial elicits a system answer. ...
pdf
... Images were then transformed to standard Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) space, followed by a smoothing procedure with a Gaussian Kernel of 12 mm. For each individual patient, the registered baseline T1-weighted image was subtracted from the eight weeks follow-up T1-weighted image to obtain im ...
... Images were then transformed to standard Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) space, followed by a smoothing procedure with a Gaussian Kernel of 12 mm. For each individual patient, the registered baseline T1-weighted image was subtracted from the eight weeks follow-up T1-weighted image to obtain im ...
Contrasting Effects of Haloperidol and Lithium on
... bridge clinical and preclinical studies are to match brain receptor occupancy or therapeutically acceptable drug plasma levels (16,17). Because human dosing intervals are of the order of one pharmacokinetic half-life, animals would have to be injected several times a day to maintain a comparable hum ...
... bridge clinical and preclinical studies are to match brain receptor occupancy or therapeutically acceptable drug plasma levels (16,17). Because human dosing intervals are of the order of one pharmacokinetic half-life, animals would have to be injected several times a day to maintain a comparable hum ...
Neural Substrates Related to Motor Memory with Multiple
... temporoparietal junction; TMS, transcranial magnetic stimulation; TR, repetition time. ...
... temporoparietal junction; TMS, transcranial magnetic stimulation; TR, repetition time. ...
Magnetic resonance imaging indicators of blood
... Background: Hydrocephalus is associated with enlargement of cerebral ventricles. We hypothesized that magnetic resonance (MR) imaging parameters known to be influenced by tissue water content would change in parallel with ventricle size in young rats and that changes in blood-brain barrier (BBB) per ...
... Background: Hydrocephalus is associated with enlargement of cerebral ventricles. We hypothesized that magnetic resonance (MR) imaging parameters known to be influenced by tissue water content would change in parallel with ventricle size in young rats and that changes in blood-brain barrier (BBB) per ...
Imaging the premotor areas Nathalie Picard* and Peter L Strick
... of monkeys [2]. In contrast, when some of the same investigators used a similar paradigm that did not specifically dissociate conflict monitoring from response selection, they found response-related activation in the area of the ‘anterior cingulate’ cortex, located 1 mm anterior to the VCA line [49] ...
... of monkeys [2]. In contrast, when some of the same investigators used a similar paradigm that did not specifically dissociate conflict monitoring from response selection, they found response-related activation in the area of the ‘anterior cingulate’ cortex, located 1 mm anterior to the VCA line [49] ...
The Brain (Handout)
... These two lines of ganglia outside the column resemble a pair of long beaded cords. At the lower end, the two cords join and finish in a single central stretch. These lines of ganglia are sometimes called the sympathetic trunks (used by the sympathetic nervous system). Not all ganglia are located in ...
... These two lines of ganglia outside the column resemble a pair of long beaded cords. At the lower end, the two cords join and finish in a single central stretch. These lines of ganglia are sometimes called the sympathetic trunks (used by the sympathetic nervous system). Not all ganglia are located in ...
Brain Abnormalities in Murderers Indicated by
... anatomical subdivisions of each identified stereotactically (Buchsbaum et al 1989). This technique has been used by at least nine different PET groups, and a review of its advantages for facilitating intrasubject and intersubject differences may be found in Harris et al (1991). Absolute glucose valu ...
... anatomical subdivisions of each identified stereotactically (Buchsbaum et al 1989). This technique has been used by at least nine different PET groups, and a review of its advantages for facilitating intrasubject and intersubject differences may be found in Harris et al (1991). Absolute glucose valu ...
pdf - Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center
... the processing of a ‘target’ stimulus that signals the need to engage in a prescribed motor response. Using event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), the present study sought to elucidate the supramodal network of brain areas that supports goal-directed stimulus-response processing ...
... the processing of a ‘target’ stimulus that signals the need to engage in a prescribed motor response. Using event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), the present study sought to elucidate the supramodal network of brain areas that supports goal-directed stimulus-response processing ...
Distributed patterns of reactivation predict vividness of recollection.
... and Cabeza (2015) have also shown that stimulus-specific reactivation increases linearly as a function of the number of details recalled for consciously retrieved images. These findings suggest that recollection and reactivation are different facets (one subjective, one objective) of the same under ...
... and Cabeza (2015) have also shown that stimulus-specific reactivation increases linearly as a function of the number of details recalled for consciously retrieved images. These findings suggest that recollection and reactivation are different facets (one subjective, one objective) of the same under ...
Functional magnetic resonance imaging
Functional magnetic resonance imaging or functional MRI (fMRI) is a functional neuroimaging procedure using MRI technology that measures brain activity by detecting associated changes in blood flow. This technique relies on the fact that cerebral blood flow and neuronal activation are coupled. When an area of the brain is in use, blood flow to that region also increases.The primary form of fMRI uses the blood-oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) contrast, discovered by Seiji Ogawa. This is a type of specialized brain and body scan used to map neural activity in the brain or spinal cord of humans or other animals by imaging the change in blood flow (hemodynamic response) related to energy use by brain cells. Since the early 1990s, fMRI has come to dominate brain mapping research because it does not require people to undergo shots, surgery, or to ingest substances, or be exposed to radiation, etc. Other methods of obtaining contrast are arterial spin labeling and diffusion MRI.The procedure is similar to MRI but uses the change in magnetization between oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor blood as its basic measure. This measure is frequently corrupted by noise from various sources and hence statistical procedures are used to extract the underlying signal. The resulting brain activation can be presented graphically by color-coding the strength of activation across the brain or the specific region studied. The technique can localize activity to within millimeters but, using standard techniques, no better than within a window of a few seconds.fMRI is used both in the research world, and to a lesser extent, in the clinical world. It can also be combined and complemented with other measures of brain physiology such as EEG and NIRS. Newer methods which improve both spatial and time resolution are being researched, and these largely use biomarkers other than the BOLD signal. Some companies have developed commercial products such as lie detectors based on fMRI techniques, but the research is not believed to be ripe enough for widespread commercialization.