Prediction of Subjective Affective State From Brain Activations
... statistics. An example of the latter might be that independently of the mean level of activation of a set of voxels, if some voxels varied together for one event, but not for another, that could potentially encode information about which event was present. This evidence from trial by trial correlati ...
... statistics. An example of the latter might be that independently of the mean level of activation of a set of voxels, if some voxels varied together for one event, but not for another, that could potentially encode information about which event was present. This evidence from trial by trial correlati ...
Optical Imaging of Neural Structure and Physiology: Confocal
... neural organization at the subcellular, cellular, and tissue levels of organization (Turner et al., 1996). Indeed, the confocal microscope was initially conceived and developed with the goal of elucidating the neural organization of the brain (Minsky, 1961, 1988). The successful application of moder ...
... neural organization at the subcellular, cellular, and tissue levels of organization (Turner et al., 1996). Indeed, the confocal microscope was initially conceived and developed with the goal of elucidating the neural organization of the brain (Minsky, 1961, 1988). The successful application of moder ...
Document
... The question is….how can the learning with one eye appear with the use of the other? Sperry split the optic chiasm so the right eye goes to the right cerebral hemisphere and the left eye to the left hemisphere and also cut the corpus callosum between the two ...
... The question is….how can the learning with one eye appear with the use of the other? Sperry split the optic chiasm so the right eye goes to the right cerebral hemisphere and the left eye to the left hemisphere and also cut the corpus callosum between the two ...
A Counter Based Connectionist Model of Animal Timing - APT
... The probability of a response to the L lever is computed for each of the intervals presented and plotted as a function of the interval length. The pattern of L responses is typically a half Gaussian that increases to the highest response probability at the interval L. Of theoretical concern is the l ...
... The probability of a response to the L lever is computed for each of the intervals presented and plotted as a function of the interval length. The pattern of L responses is typically a half Gaussian that increases to the highest response probability at the interval L. Of theoretical concern is the l ...
Messages from the Brain Connectivity Regarding Neural Correlates
... its activity is crucial for conscious external stimuli perception [7]. Self-awareness network is distributed over the posterior cingulate/precuneal cortices, medial frontal cortex, and bilateral temporoparietal junctions [7]. On the other hand, the conscious states, like anesthesia-induced unconscio ...
... its activity is crucial for conscious external stimuli perception [7]. Self-awareness network is distributed over the posterior cingulate/precuneal cortices, medial frontal cortex, and bilateral temporoparietal junctions [7]. On the other hand, the conscious states, like anesthesia-induced unconscio ...
Separate neural subsystems within `Wernicke`s area`
... hearing speech and the recall of words during verbal fluency tasks. A functional conjunction of activations during both the perception and the mental rehearsal of words identifies a system central to language acquisition, whereby the transient representation of sequences of phonemes and their rehear ...
... hearing speech and the recall of words during verbal fluency tasks. A functional conjunction of activations during both the perception and the mental rehearsal of words identifies a system central to language acquisition, whereby the transient representation of sequences of phonemes and their rehear ...
Neural ensemble coding and statistical periodicity: Speculations on
... in a fast moving hockey game, watching children at play. What do these tasks have in common? They all require that the nervous system rapidly acquire, encode, transmit, decode, and act on the ever-evolving information presented to it. Indeed neuro-physiological and neuro-psychological evidence indic ...
... in a fast moving hockey game, watching children at play. What do these tasks have in common? They all require that the nervous system rapidly acquire, encode, transmit, decode, and act on the ever-evolving information presented to it. Indeed neuro-physiological and neuro-psychological evidence indic ...
Bridging Rate Coding and Temporal Spike Coding
... (s [ 关0, 0.002兴) does not prohibit synchronous firing of cortical neurons. In this situation, the information transmission rate is low since synchronous neurons redundantly encode the same aspect of a stimulus. Actually, Fig. 3 demonstrates small values of the correlation coefficient between S共t兲 an ...
... (s [ 关0, 0.002兴) does not prohibit synchronous firing of cortical neurons. In this situation, the information transmission rate is low since synchronous neurons redundantly encode the same aspect of a stimulus. Actually, Fig. 3 demonstrates small values of the correlation coefficient between S共t兲 an ...
Probing forebrain to hindbrain circuit functions in
... output of the EA is inhibitory (GABAergic; Figure 4b). When EA output to DTAM is removed bilaterally and the anterior commissure is transected, the left and right brainstem produce uncoordinated fictive fast trills but fictive slow trills remain coordinated (Yamaguchi, Barnes, & Appleby, 2016; see Fig ...
... output of the EA is inhibitory (GABAergic; Figure 4b). When EA output to DTAM is removed bilaterally and the anterior commissure is transected, the left and right brainstem produce uncoordinated fictive fast trills but fictive slow trills remain coordinated (Yamaguchi, Barnes, & Appleby, 2016; see Fig ...
- Wiley Online Library
... laevis. (a) The ex vivo brain (Figure 1a) now viewed from the side and illustrating subdivisions (hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain) that include neural circuits participating in initiation of vocal patterns. In an adult male brain, nucleus ambiguus (NA) that includes glottal and laryngeal motor ne ...
... laevis. (a) The ex vivo brain (Figure 1a) now viewed from the side and illustrating subdivisions (hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain) that include neural circuits participating in initiation of vocal patterns. In an adult male brain, nucleus ambiguus (NA) that includes glottal and laryngeal motor ne ...
Probing forebrain to hindbrain circuit functions in Xenopus
... laevis. (a) The ex vivo brain (Figure 1a) now viewed from the side and illustrating subdivisions (hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain) that include neural circuits participating in initiation of vocal patterns. In an adult male brain, nucleus ambiguus (NA) that includes glottal and laryngeal motor ne ...
... laevis. (a) The ex vivo brain (Figure 1a) now viewed from the side and illustrating subdivisions (hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain) that include neural circuits participating in initiation of vocal patterns. In an adult male brain, nucleus ambiguus (NA) that includes glottal and laryngeal motor ne ...
How do Migraines Happen
... biologist Aristides Leão first reported the phenomenon in animals in 1944, it was experimentally linked to migraine only recently. In more technical terms, cortical spreading depression is a wave of intense nerve cell activity that spreads through an unusually large swath of the cortex (the furrowed ...
... biologist Aristides Leão first reported the phenomenon in animals in 1944, it was experimentally linked to migraine only recently. In more technical terms, cortical spreading depression is a wave of intense nerve cell activity that spreads through an unusually large swath of the cortex (the furrowed ...
The Biology of Mind - American International School
... your reaction to a sudden event, such as a child darting in front of your car, may take a quarter-second or more. Your brain is vastly more complex than a computer, but slower at executing simple responses. And if you are an elephant—whose round-trip message travel time from a yank on the tail to th ...
... your reaction to a sudden event, such as a child darting in front of your car, may take a quarter-second or more. Your brain is vastly more complex than a computer, but slower at executing simple responses. And if you are an elephant—whose round-trip message travel time from a yank on the tail to th ...
3 Behavioral Neuroscience - McGraw Hill Higher Education
... 1996), empathy (Plomin, 1994), and intelligence (Petrill & Wilkerson, 2000). To appreciate behavioral genetics, it helps to have a basic understanding of genetics itself. The cells of the human body contain 23 pairs of chromosomes, which are long strands of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecules. (Un ...
... 1996), empathy (Plomin, 1994), and intelligence (Petrill & Wilkerson, 2000). To appreciate behavioral genetics, it helps to have a basic understanding of genetics itself. The cells of the human body contain 23 pairs of chromosomes, which are long strands of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecules. (Un ...
Grasping the Intentions of Others with One`s Own Mirror Neuron
... away? The aim of the present study is to investigate the neural basis of intention understanding in this sense and, more specifically, the role played by the human mirror neuron system in this type of intention understanding. The term ‘‘intention’’ will be always used in this specific sense, to indica ...
... away? The aim of the present study is to investigate the neural basis of intention understanding in this sense and, more specifically, the role played by the human mirror neuron system in this type of intention understanding. The term ‘‘intention’’ will be always used in this specific sense, to indica ...
Neural Darwinism
... space and time. The simultaneous activation of neuronal groups in different maps by a given stimulus and the effects of previous reentrant activity both tend to strengthen some of the connections between those groups. This coordinated dynamic interaction across maps results in temporal correlation o ...
... space and time. The simultaneous activation of neuronal groups in different maps by a given stimulus and the effects of previous reentrant activity both tend to strengthen some of the connections between those groups. This coordinated dynamic interaction across maps results in temporal correlation o ...
PubMed Central CANADA
... correlating this with the signal in all other brain voxels, across participants. The seed analysis of the resting data (only the first resting run was used here) involved a similar extraction after a temporal resampling of the time series by averaging each consecutive 5 volumes, to produce 30 volume ...
... correlating this with the signal in all other brain voxels, across participants. The seed analysis of the resting data (only the first resting run was used here) involved a similar extraction after a temporal resampling of the time series by averaging each consecutive 5 volumes, to produce 30 volume ...
Sleep Mar 19 2013x - Lakehead University
... based sleep schedule when time at destination is planned to be brief (i.e., two days or less) in order to limit jet lag symptoms. There are some data from jet lag studies to support altering the scheduled timing of sleep prior to eastward travel to help with entrainment, though the impact of this on ...
... based sleep schedule when time at destination is planned to be brief (i.e., two days or less) in order to limit jet lag symptoms. There are some data from jet lag studies to support altering the scheduled timing of sleep prior to eastward travel to help with entrainment, though the impact of this on ...
NEURAL CONNECTIONS: Some You Use, Some You Lose
... prefrontal cortex involved in some memory tasks, planning, and other higher brain functions. In all four areas of the monkey brain, they found the same general developmental pattern. First, there was a period of extraordinarily rapid increase in synaptic density. This period of rapid increase began ...
... prefrontal cortex involved in some memory tasks, planning, and other higher brain functions. In all four areas of the monkey brain, they found the same general developmental pattern. First, there was a period of extraordinarily rapid increase in synaptic density. This period of rapid increase began ...
Chronic multiunit recordings in behaving animals: advantages and
... The method used to study brain functions depends on the question one likes to answer, given that every method has it advantages and disadvantages. Some methods, like EEG and fMRI have the advantage of being noninvasive. EEG reflects the gradual change in the membrane potential of large populations o ...
... The method used to study brain functions depends on the question one likes to answer, given that every method has it advantages and disadvantages. Some methods, like EEG and fMRI have the advantage of being noninvasive. EEG reflects the gradual change in the membrane potential of large populations o ...
Hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning induces tolerance against brain
... ROS (Bubici et al., 2006) and this suggests that Mn-SOD expression can be regulated by ROS through NF-κB. Even though we measured total SOD activity, it is likely Mn-SOD is involved in HBO-PC. It has been demonstrated that CAT plays an ...
... ROS (Bubici et al., 2006) and this suggests that Mn-SOD expression can be regulated by ROS through NF-κB. Even though we measured total SOD activity, it is likely Mn-SOD is involved in HBO-PC. It has been demonstrated that CAT plays an ...
Mirror neurons in monkey area F5 do not adapt to the observation of
... active during the observation of the same motor act when presented in a movie on the monitor in front of the monkey and therefore identified as mirror neurons. In about 20% of the trials that will be referred to as ‘test trials’ the monkeys saw a movie (Fig. 1a) that started with the presentation of ...
... active during the observation of the same motor act when presented in a movie on the monitor in front of the monkey and therefore identified as mirror neurons. In about 20% of the trials that will be referred to as ‘test trials’ the monkeys saw a movie (Fig. 1a) that started with the presentation of ...
Visually Induced Ocular Torsion
... visual scene enriched with spatial clues important for maintaining posture was found to induce significantly more torsion compared to a scene without spatial clues. The degree of stimuli tilt had no significant effect, nor the stimuli periphery. In the second study, torsional response was shown to d ...
... visual scene enriched with spatial clues important for maintaining posture was found to induce significantly more torsion compared to a scene without spatial clues. The degree of stimuli tilt had no significant effect, nor the stimuli periphery. In the second study, torsional response was shown to d ...
Uncomfortable images produce non-sparse responses in a model of
... typically, this can be characterized as a 1/f β amplitude spectrum, where β varies between 0.8 and 1.2 [8]. Natural images with these properties are generally judged to be comfortable to look at [9]. There is also a growing literature suggesting that artwork is pleasing to the eye as its statistical ...
... typically, this can be characterized as a 1/f β amplitude spectrum, where β varies between 0.8 and 1.2 [8]. Natural images with these properties are generally judged to be comfortable to look at [9]. There is also a growing literature suggesting that artwork is pleasing to the eye as its statistical ...
Functional magnetic resonance imaging
Functional magnetic resonance imaging or functional MRI (fMRI) is a functional neuroimaging procedure using MRI technology that measures brain activity by detecting associated changes in blood flow. This technique relies on the fact that cerebral blood flow and neuronal activation are coupled. When an area of the brain is in use, blood flow to that region also increases.The primary form of fMRI uses the blood-oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) contrast, discovered by Seiji Ogawa. This is a type of specialized brain and body scan used to map neural activity in the brain or spinal cord of humans or other animals by imaging the change in blood flow (hemodynamic response) related to energy use by brain cells. Since the early 1990s, fMRI has come to dominate brain mapping research because it does not require people to undergo shots, surgery, or to ingest substances, or be exposed to radiation, etc. Other methods of obtaining contrast are arterial spin labeling and diffusion MRI.The procedure is similar to MRI but uses the change in magnetization between oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor blood as its basic measure. This measure is frequently corrupted by noise from various sources and hence statistical procedures are used to extract the underlying signal. The resulting brain activation can be presented graphically by color-coding the strength of activation across the brain or the specific region studied. The technique can localize activity to within millimeters but, using standard techniques, no better than within a window of a few seconds.fMRI is used both in the research world, and to a lesser extent, in the clinical world. It can also be combined and complemented with other measures of brain physiology such as EEG and NIRS. Newer methods which improve both spatial and time resolution are being researched, and these largely use biomarkers other than the BOLD signal. Some companies have developed commercial products such as lie detectors based on fMRI techniques, but the research is not believed to be ripe enough for widespread commercialization.