On-line, voluntary control of human temporal lobe
... Daily life continually confronts us with an exuberance of external, sensory stimuli competing with a rich stream of internal deliberations, plans and ruminations. The brain must select one or more of these for further processing. How this competition is resolved across multiple sensory and cognitive ...
... Daily life continually confronts us with an exuberance of external, sensory stimuli competing with a rich stream of internal deliberations, plans and ruminations. The brain must select one or more of these for further processing. How this competition is resolved across multiple sensory and cognitive ...
Habit formation
... the activity accentuates the boundaries of the maze runs. The majority of task-responsive neurons exhibit a burst of firing activity as the run is initiated, or as the run is completed, or both, resulting in an ensemble representation of both the beginning and end of the run. Often there is an addit ...
... the activity accentuates the boundaries of the maze runs. The majority of task-responsive neurons exhibit a burst of firing activity as the run is initiated, or as the run is completed, or both, resulting in an ensemble representation of both the beginning and end of the run. Often there is an addit ...
neurotransmitters 101
... starts to dwindle, the furnace loses efficiency or might stop functioning altogether, leaving the house at the mercy of old man winter. The same logic applies to neurotransmission. Without enough neurotransmitters in the system, whether excitatory or inhibitory, the system as a whole does not functi ...
... starts to dwindle, the furnace loses efficiency or might stop functioning altogether, leaving the house at the mercy of old man winter. The same logic applies to neurotransmission. Without enough neurotransmitters in the system, whether excitatory or inhibitory, the system as a whole does not functi ...
The Information Processing Mechanism of the Brain
... If we look at a TV screen, up close with a magnifying glass, we see dots. Red, blue and green dots. The dots vary in luminosity, they flicker. However, watching the dots as such does not say much of what is going on. If, however, if we take a step back the dots merge into shapes and images. The coll ...
... If we look at a TV screen, up close with a magnifying glass, we see dots. Red, blue and green dots. The dots vary in luminosity, they flicker. However, watching the dots as such does not say much of what is going on. If, however, if we take a step back the dots merge into shapes and images. The coll ...
Regional brain activation in conscious, nonrestrained
... stimuli activate the homeostatic afferent processing network, a framework proposed to understand the processing of visceral, somatic, as well as emotional stimuli in the brain [17,18,47]. Research on brain responses to visceral stimuli in animals has relied predominantly on measuring c-fos expression ...
... stimuli activate the homeostatic afferent processing network, a framework proposed to understand the processing of visceral, somatic, as well as emotional stimuli in the brain [17,18,47]. Research on brain responses to visceral stimuli in animals has relied predominantly on measuring c-fos expression ...
Neuronal mechanisms for the perception of ambiguous stimuli
... spatial luminance profile is formed by the multiplication of a sinusoidal waveform with a Gaussian envelope.) Orientation jitter breaks up any pattern, therefore favouring eye-rivalry rather than percept-rivalry. There is a gradual shift from eye-rivalry to percept-rivalry as pattern coherence is in ...
... spatial luminance profile is formed by the multiplication of a sinusoidal waveform with a Gaussian envelope.) Orientation jitter breaks up any pattern, therefore favouring eye-rivalry rather than percept-rivalry. There is a gradual shift from eye-rivalry to percept-rivalry as pattern coherence is in ...
How and Why Brains Create Meaning from Sensory Information
... wave packet is triggered is of particular interest. When an animal or human receives sensory information, it is carried not by any small number of axons from receptors but by a massive barrage of action potentials. A glimpse of a face, for example, includes all of the detectors for motions, contours ...
... wave packet is triggered is of particular interest. When an animal or human receives sensory information, it is carried not by any small number of axons from receptors but by a massive barrage of action potentials. A glimpse of a face, for example, includes all of the detectors for motions, contours ...
Neuronal oscillations and brain wave dynamics in a LIF model
... not directly related to eachother. However, when the input is just random noise, would this also produce periodic output? Using the same model and configuration, the only thing that was changed was that the input string now determined the chance that the input neuron would fire. So a 5 would be a 50 ...
... not directly related to eachother. However, when the input is just random noise, would this also produce periodic output? Using the same model and configuration, the only thing that was changed was that the input string now determined the chance that the input neuron would fire. So a 5 would be a 50 ...
The Brain`s Response to Drugs Teacher`s Guide
... and structures responsible for sensory perception. Marijuana interferes with the receiving of sensory messages (for example, touch, sight, hearing, taste, and smell) in the cerebral cortex. Various parts of the body send nerve signals to the thalamus, which then routes these messages to the appropri ...
... and structures responsible for sensory perception. Marijuana interferes with the receiving of sensory messages (for example, touch, sight, hearing, taste, and smell) in the cerebral cortex. Various parts of the body send nerve signals to the thalamus, which then routes these messages to the appropri ...
Frequency decoding of periodically timed action potentials through
... distinct range of temporal delays, are required to cover a broader frequency range. Where might such structures exist in the brain? The inferior colliculus displays a tonotopic array of multiple frequency-band laminae, each of which analyzes about one-third of an octave [23,24]. Substantial signal p ...
... distinct range of temporal delays, are required to cover a broader frequency range. Where might such structures exist in the brain? The inferior colliculus displays a tonotopic array of multiple frequency-band laminae, each of which analyzes about one-third of an octave [23,24]. Substantial signal p ...
How the body controls brain temperature: the temperature shielding
... tively establish a general phenomenon: the temperature shielding effect of blood flow, which is responsible for brain protection against external cooling. Major mechanisms responsible for body temperature regulation in mammals are well known (see, for example, Ref. 28). In our experiments, the body ...
... tively establish a general phenomenon: the temperature shielding effect of blood flow, which is responsible for brain protection against external cooling. Major mechanisms responsible for body temperature regulation in mammals are well known (see, for example, Ref. 28). In our experiments, the body ...
SHORT COMMUNICATION Localization of a vocal pattern generator
... Data analysis was carried out using the software Spike 2, Version 5 (CED). For the identification of vocalization-correlated and auditory units, conventional peri-event time histograms and peri-stimulus time histograms, respectively, were constructed after having submitted the original recording to a ...
... Data analysis was carried out using the software Spike 2, Version 5 (CED). For the identification of vocalization-correlated and auditory units, conventional peri-event time histograms and peri-stimulus time histograms, respectively, were constructed after having submitted the original recording to a ...
Chapter 13a - Dr. Jerry Cronin
... • Fourth ventricle • Extends into medulla oblongata • Becomes continuous with central canal of the spinal cord • Connects with third ventricle: • via narrow canal in mesencephalon • aqueduct of midbrain ...
... • Fourth ventricle • Extends into medulla oblongata • Becomes continuous with central canal of the spinal cord • Connects with third ventricle: • via narrow canal in mesencephalon • aqueduct of midbrain ...
Predicting Persuasion-Induced Behavior Change from the Brain
... In this investigation, we explored the utility of fMRI in predicting and understanding behavior change in response to persuasive messages. More specifically, we measured neural activity in a priori regions of interest—medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) and precuneus (Fig. 1a)—while people were exposed ...
... In this investigation, we explored the utility of fMRI in predicting and understanding behavior change in response to persuasive messages. More specifically, we measured neural activity in a priori regions of interest—medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) and precuneus (Fig. 1a)—while people were exposed ...
1From neuronal activity to scalp potential fields - Assets
... (defined by the local dipole strength and the percentage of neuronal elements contributing) and the spatial extent (area) of polarization due to neural synchronization, particularly for the healthy human brain. The relation of intracortical activity to surface-recorded EEG is far from simple. The su ...
... (defined by the local dipole strength and the percentage of neuronal elements contributing) and the spatial extent (area) of polarization due to neural synchronization, particularly for the healthy human brain. The relation of intracortical activity to surface-recorded EEG is far from simple. The su ...
Chapter 07: The Structure of the Nervous System
... Functional Brain Imaging Positron emission tomography (PET) Functional MRI (fMRI) Basic Principles Detect changes in regional blood flow and metabolism within the brain Active neurons demand more glucose and oxygen, more blood to active regions, techniques detect changes in blood flow Slide 13 Neuro ...
... Functional Brain Imaging Positron emission tomography (PET) Functional MRI (fMRI) Basic Principles Detect changes in regional blood flow and metabolism within the brain Active neurons demand more glucose and oxygen, more blood to active regions, techniques detect changes in blood flow Slide 13 Neuro ...
- Princeton University
... to label astrocytes (Nimmerjahn et al., 2004) and provide a static, non-cell-activity-dependent channel on which to apply the motion correction algorithm. Injections were performed immediately following implantation of the head plate. A typical calcium-sensitive dye recording is illustrated in Figur ...
... to label astrocytes (Nimmerjahn et al., 2004) and provide a static, non-cell-activity-dependent channel on which to apply the motion correction algorithm. Injections were performed immediately following implantation of the head plate. A typical calcium-sensitive dye recording is illustrated in Figur ...
A Gaussian Approach to Neural Nets with Multiple Memory Domains
... model are the same as in previous work [6,7] In previous studies [1-3], the dynamical and the mathematical formalism is similar to behaviour of isolated and non-isolated neural that of isolated networks [4]. Neural nets are nets with chemical markers and high assumed to be constructed of discrete se ...
... model are the same as in previous work [6,7] In previous studies [1-3], the dynamical and the mathematical formalism is similar to behaviour of isolated and non-isolated neural that of isolated networks [4]. Neural nets are nets with chemical markers and high assumed to be constructed of discrete se ...
Activity 1 - Web Adventures
... that bring messages or signals into the cell from other neurons. A neuron also has a long extension called an axon that carries signals away from the cell. In neurotransmission, a signal received by a neuron’s dendrites can cause an electrical impulse known as an action potential to travel down the ...
... that bring messages or signals into the cell from other neurons. A neuron also has a long extension called an axon that carries signals away from the cell. In neurotransmission, a signal received by a neuron’s dendrites can cause an electrical impulse known as an action potential to travel down the ...
Deciphering a neural code for vision
... generator potential was further decremented by a putative electrogenic pump (28, 29) and converted into a train of nerve impulses with a leaky integrate-and-fire encoder at a rate of 1 impulseymV above a threshold of 1 mV (30). Computed trains of impulses were expressed as instantaneous firing rates ...
... generator potential was further decremented by a putative electrogenic pump (28, 29) and converted into a train of nerve impulses with a leaky integrate-and-fire encoder at a rate of 1 impulseymV above a threshold of 1 mV (30). Computed trains of impulses were expressed as instantaneous firing rates ...
Advanced biomaterial strategies to transplant preformed micro
... physically reconstruct long axonal tracts while restoring neuronal populations, relying only on local plasticity for synaptic integration to form a new functional relay across damaged connections (figure 1). As highlighted in a recent review article, there are several other methods to develop neurona ...
... physically reconstruct long axonal tracts while restoring neuronal populations, relying only on local plasticity for synaptic integration to form a new functional relay across damaged connections (figure 1). As highlighted in a recent review article, there are several other methods to develop neurona ...
0474 ch 10(200-221).
... form a complete enclosure (Fig. 10-3). The outermost of these membranes, the dura mater (DU-rah MA-ter), is the thickest and toughest of the meninges. (Mater is from the Latin meaning “mother,” referring to the protective function of the meninges; dura means “hard.”) Around the brain, the dura mater ...
... form a complete enclosure (Fig. 10-3). The outermost of these membranes, the dura mater (DU-rah MA-ter), is the thickest and toughest of the meninges. (Mater is from the Latin meaning “mother,” referring to the protective function of the meninges; dura means “hard.”) Around the brain, the dura mater ...
Deficient Fear Conditioning in Psychopathy
... echo time, 36 milliseconds; acquisition time, 2.97 seconds; effective repetition time, 3.58 seconds) were acquired during each measurement block. The short echo time and the coronal orientation were chosen to minimize susceptibility artifacts in the orbitofrontal and temporal regions. Four blocks we ...
... echo time, 36 milliseconds; acquisition time, 2.97 seconds; effective repetition time, 3.58 seconds) were acquired during each measurement block. The short echo time and the coronal orientation were chosen to minimize susceptibility artifacts in the orbitofrontal and temporal regions. Four blocks we ...
Reconstructing the Engram: Neurotechnique Simultaneous, Multisite
... responses from the same ensemble of 30 neurons in the SI cortex. Inspection of each of these population maps reveals that the same cortical neurons contributed, with different response magnitudes and latencies, to the responses triggered by the stimulation of different whiskers (Figure 5). Only by r ...
... responses from the same ensemble of 30 neurons in the SI cortex. Inspection of each of these population maps reveals that the same cortical neurons contributed, with different response magnitudes and latencies, to the responses triggered by the stimulation of different whiskers (Figure 5). Only by r ...
Responses of the Human Brain to Mild Dehydration and
... MATERIALS AND METHODS: Serial T1-weighted and 1H-MR spectroscopy data were acquired in 15 healthy individuals at normohydration, on 12 hours of dehydration, and during 1 hour of oral rehydration. Osmotic challenges were monitored by serum measures, including osmolality and hematocrit. MR imaging dat ...
... MATERIALS AND METHODS: Serial T1-weighted and 1H-MR spectroscopy data were acquired in 15 healthy individuals at normohydration, on 12 hours of dehydration, and during 1 hour of oral rehydration. Osmotic challenges were monitored by serum measures, including osmolality and hematocrit. MR imaging dat ...
Functional magnetic resonance imaging
Functional magnetic resonance imaging or functional MRI (fMRI) is a functional neuroimaging procedure using MRI technology that measures brain activity by detecting associated changes in blood flow. This technique relies on the fact that cerebral blood flow and neuronal activation are coupled. When an area of the brain is in use, blood flow to that region also increases.The primary form of fMRI uses the blood-oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) contrast, discovered by Seiji Ogawa. This is a type of specialized brain and body scan used to map neural activity in the brain or spinal cord of humans or other animals by imaging the change in blood flow (hemodynamic response) related to energy use by brain cells. Since the early 1990s, fMRI has come to dominate brain mapping research because it does not require people to undergo shots, surgery, or to ingest substances, or be exposed to radiation, etc. Other methods of obtaining contrast are arterial spin labeling and diffusion MRI.The procedure is similar to MRI but uses the change in magnetization between oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor blood as its basic measure. This measure is frequently corrupted by noise from various sources and hence statistical procedures are used to extract the underlying signal. The resulting brain activation can be presented graphically by color-coding the strength of activation across the brain or the specific region studied. The technique can localize activity to within millimeters but, using standard techniques, no better than within a window of a few seconds.fMRI is used both in the research world, and to a lesser extent, in the clinical world. It can also be combined and complemented with other measures of brain physiology such as EEG and NIRS. Newer methods which improve both spatial and time resolution are being researched, and these largely use biomarkers other than the BOLD signal. Some companies have developed commercial products such as lie detectors based on fMRI techniques, but the research is not believed to be ripe enough for widespread commercialization.