Brain mechanisms for switching from automatic to controlled eye
... of cue onset, and compared their activity between the nonswitch and switch trials. The two sets of activity, which were almost identical initially, diverged at 155 ms after the cue onset. We call it neuronal differentiation time. Importantly, the neuronal differentiation time was significantly earlie ...
... of cue onset, and compared their activity between the nonswitch and switch trials. The two sets of activity, which were almost identical initially, diverged at 155 ms after the cue onset. We call it neuronal differentiation time. Importantly, the neuronal differentiation time was significantly earlie ...
Negative BOLD in Sensory Cortices During
... blind. Statistical parametric maps of activation for the verbal memory versus rest contrast using a random effect GLM analysis. Group results are presented on a full Talairach-normalized inflated and unfolded brain of the left (LH) and right (RH) hemispheres. Color scale denotes significant activati ...
... blind. Statistical parametric maps of activation for the verbal memory versus rest contrast using a random effect GLM analysis. Group results are presented on a full Talairach-normalized inflated and unfolded brain of the left (LH) and right (RH) hemispheres. Color scale denotes significant activati ...
A unifying view of the basis of social cognition
... In this article we provide a unifying neural hypothesis on how individuals understand the actions and emotions of others. Our main claim is that the fundamental mechanism at the basis of the experiential understanding of others’ actions is the activation of the mirror neuron system. A similar mechan ...
... In this article we provide a unifying neural hypothesis on how individuals understand the actions and emotions of others. Our main claim is that the fundamental mechanism at the basis of the experiential understanding of others’ actions is the activation of the mirror neuron system. A similar mechan ...
Neural Substrate Expansion for the Restoration of Brain
... damage is one of the principal objectives of modern translational neuroscience. Electrical stimulation approaches, such as deep-brain stimulation, have achieved the most clinical success, but they ultimately may be limited by the computational capacity of the residual cerebral circuitry. An alternat ...
... damage is one of the principal objectives of modern translational neuroscience. Electrical stimulation approaches, such as deep-brain stimulation, have achieved the most clinical success, but they ultimately may be limited by the computational capacity of the residual cerebral circuitry. An alternat ...
Matching mind to world and vice versa: Functional dissociations
... 4000 ms) to enhance the temporal resolution of the blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) element. We investigated which regions in the brain were engaged during the reading of the scenario (beliefs-scenarios vs. desires-scenarios) as well as during the response phase (beliefsquestion vs. desires- ...
... 4000 ms) to enhance the temporal resolution of the blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) element. We investigated which regions in the brain were engaged during the reading of the scenario (beliefs-scenarios vs. desires-scenarios) as well as during the response phase (beliefsquestion vs. desires- ...
Functional sex differences in human primary auditory cortex
... A.RTone 3A insert phones (with E.A.Rlink eartips), which have a flat frequency response between 100 and 4000 Hz, measured in a Zwislocki-coupler. Stimuli were presented binaurally. Ten seconds before injection of radioactive water, the stimulus was started. Because the tracer reaches the brain appro ...
... A.RTone 3A insert phones (with E.A.Rlink eartips), which have a flat frequency response between 100 and 4000 Hz, measured in a Zwislocki-coupler. Stimuli were presented binaurally. Ten seconds before injection of radioactive water, the stimulus was started. Because the tracer reaches the brain appro ...
Uygar Sümbül - Department of Statistics
... Single-unit and array recordings are obtained from the primate motor cortex during episodic reaching tasks. Dynamical system models are devised to predict the cortical activity and relate it to observed behavior. • Comparing neuronal arbors in entirety (with Prof. Sebastian Seung and Prof. Hermann C ...
... Single-unit and array recordings are obtained from the primate motor cortex during episodic reaching tasks. Dynamical system models are devised to predict the cortical activity and relate it to observed behavior. • Comparing neuronal arbors in entirety (with Prof. Sebastian Seung and Prof. Hermann C ...
interactions between number and space in parietal cortex
... hand, eye or attention movement). However, so far, no study has sufficiently shown whether these reference frames are eye- or world-centred. Another related question concerns the stage of processing at which spatial–numerical interactions arise; do they occur during stimulus comprehension, response ...
... hand, eye or attention movement). However, so far, no study has sufficiently shown whether these reference frames are eye- or world-centred. Another related question concerns the stage of processing at which spatial–numerical interactions arise; do they occur during stimulus comprehension, response ...
CEREBRAL CORTEX - Oxford Academic
... age-related decline was found in the volume of the prefrontal gray matter. Smaller age-related differences were observed in the volume of the fusiform, inferior temporal and superior parietal cortices. The effects of age on the hippocampal formation, the postcentral gyrus, prefrontal white matter an ...
... age-related decline was found in the volume of the prefrontal gray matter. Smaller age-related differences were observed in the volume of the fusiform, inferior temporal and superior parietal cortices. The effects of age on the hippocampal formation, the postcentral gyrus, prefrontal white matter an ...
Spikes, Local Field Potentials, and How to Model Both
... past spiking history Ht and a function of the external covariates (stimuli) x(t) Our goal in statistical modeling is to get (t). Once we know that, we know “everything” (probability of any spike sequence for example) ...
... past spiking history Ht and a function of the external covariates (stimuli) x(t) Our goal in statistical modeling is to get (t). Once we know that, we know “everything” (probability of any spike sequence for example) ...
The Non-Visual Detection of Staring
... Atkinson questioned the very possibility of a staring signal on two grounds. One was that a staring signal cannot be measured independently of a subjective report. But this argument would surely rule out much normal research in psychology, including research on pain. His second objection was that su ...
... Atkinson questioned the very possibility of a staring signal on two grounds. One was that a staring signal cannot be measured independently of a subjective report. But this argument would surely rule out much normal research in psychology, including research on pain. His second objection was that su ...
Assessing facial attractiveness: individual decisions and
... the distribution of which was skewed toward shorter times (range: 150010000 ms, mean: 4000 ms) (see Serences, 2004). Because the function of the scrambled images was only to sustain the subjects’ attention during the scanning, and neural activation for these was not to be analyzed, these were prese ...
... the distribution of which was skewed toward shorter times (range: 150010000 ms, mean: 4000 ms) (see Serences, 2004). Because the function of the scrambled images was only to sustain the subjects’ attention during the scanning, and neural activation for these was not to be analyzed, these were prese ...
The mirror neuron system and the consequences of its
... dorsolateral prefrontal cortex during imitative learning - there are two functionally divided sectors in the frontal component of the human MNS, of which only one is properly mirror The so called forward model draws the conclusion that the ventral part might have a functional significance during i ...
... dorsolateral prefrontal cortex during imitative learning - there are two functionally divided sectors in the frontal component of the human MNS, of which only one is properly mirror The so called forward model draws the conclusion that the ventral part might have a functional significance during i ...
View PDF - CiteSeerX
... illustrated in the sentence, “The boy who the girl chased t fell down,” in which the boy is related to the position of the object of the verb chased (marked by t , standing for “trace,” in Chomsky’s [1981, 1986, 1995] syntactic theory) and plays the thematic role of theme of chased. The claim that t ...
... illustrated in the sentence, “The boy who the girl chased t fell down,” in which the boy is related to the position of the object of the verb chased (marked by t , standing for “trace,” in Chomsky’s [1981, 1986, 1995] syntactic theory) and plays the thematic role of theme of chased. The claim that t ...
Patient Machine Interface for the Control of Mechanical Ventilation
... laryngeal and bronchial muscles to control airway resistance/airflow. These spinal and cranial motor activities have to be precisely coordinated to ensure efficient ventilation. While brainstem centers provide the most natural control signal they are buried deep in the brain. This could hamper the d ...
... laryngeal and bronchial muscles to control airway resistance/airflow. These spinal and cranial motor activities have to be precisely coordinated to ensure efficient ventilation. While brainstem centers provide the most natural control signal they are buried deep in the brain. This could hamper the d ...
Differentiating Noxious- and Innocuous
... Chen, Jen-I, Brian Ha, M. Catherine Bushnell, Bruce Pike, and Gary H. Duncan. Differentiating noxious- and innocuous-related activation of human somatosensory cortices using temporal analysis of fMRI. J Neurophysiol 88: 464 – 474, 2002; 10.1152/jn.00999.2001. The role of the somatosensory cortices ( ...
... Chen, Jen-I, Brian Ha, M. Catherine Bushnell, Bruce Pike, and Gary H. Duncan. Differentiating noxious- and innocuous-related activation of human somatosensory cortices using temporal analysis of fMRI. J Neurophysiol 88: 464 – 474, 2002; 10.1152/jn.00999.2001. The role of the somatosensory cortices ( ...
Neurophysiological Mechanisms Underlying Auditory Image
... of neural activity. Thus, these methods are invaluable tools for localizing cognitive functions, and their application to issues of auditory imagery is described below. The temporal properties of neural responses in cognitive tasks are best captured by direct measures of the neural activity. The ele ...
... of neural activity. Thus, these methods are invaluable tools for localizing cognitive functions, and their application to issues of auditory imagery is described below. The temporal properties of neural responses in cognitive tasks are best captured by direct measures of the neural activity. The ele ...
Five-dimensional neuroimaging: Localization of the time–frequency
... We define the magnetic field measured by the mth detector coil at time t as bm(t) and a column vector b(t) ≡ [b1(t), b2(t), …, bM(t)]T as a set of measured data, where M is the total number of detector coils and the superscript T indicates the matrix transpose. The second-order moment matrix of the ...
... We define the magnetic field measured by the mth detector coil at time t as bm(t) and a column vector b(t) ≡ [b1(t), b2(t), …, bM(t)]T as a set of measured data, where M is the total number of detector coils and the superscript T indicates the matrix transpose. The second-order moment matrix of the ...
Olfactory processing: maps, time and codes Gilles Laurent
... degree, static, such as a short odor puff. Recent work on olfactory processing in insects from my laboratory [38,39••–41••,42,43] suggests that information about odor identity can indeed be obtained by considering not only the ‘spatial’ component of the response of ensembles of neurons (i.e. which n ...
... degree, static, such as a short odor puff. Recent work on olfactory processing in insects from my laboratory [38,39••–41••,42,43] suggests that information about odor identity can indeed be obtained by considering not only the ‘spatial’ component of the response of ensembles of neurons (i.e. which n ...
Interoception: the sense of the physiological condition of the body
... insula is associated with subjective feelings. This same site is activated in virtually every imaging study of human emotions, and so it seems to provide an image of the physical self as a feeling (sentient) entity, which is a characteristic of human consciousness [1]. The conclusion that the subj ...
... insula is associated with subjective feelings. This same site is activated in virtually every imaging study of human emotions, and so it seems to provide an image of the physical self as a feeling (sentient) entity, which is a characteristic of human consciousness [1]. The conclusion that the subj ...
The Primary Brain Vesicles Revisited: Are the Three
... the chick and stated: ‘The subdivision of the embryonic brain into three primary brain vesicles is an arbitrary expedient rather than a natural phenomenon’. Furthermore, our recent studies on the teleost fish medaka (Oryzias latipes) have shown that the molecular prepatterns, which are visible only ...
... the chick and stated: ‘The subdivision of the embryonic brain into three primary brain vesicles is an arbitrary expedient rather than a natural phenomenon’. Furthermore, our recent studies on the teleost fish medaka (Oryzias latipes) have shown that the molecular prepatterns, which are visible only ...
Neurons and Synapses
... Students will collect information from pre-set resources to develop understanding of the nervous system, neurons, synapses, and neurotransmitters. Information gather from this lesson will help them build models and participate in neuron related activities of future lessons. Time Needed: 1+ Period(s) ...
... Students will collect information from pre-set resources to develop understanding of the nervous system, neurons, synapses, and neurotransmitters. Information gather from this lesson will help them build models and participate in neuron related activities of future lessons. Time Needed: 1+ Period(s) ...
Lower Gray Matter Density in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex and
... cingulate cortex, and the occipital regions in heroin dependents after three days of abstinence (17). No significant difference was found in the superior frontal gyrus between heroin addicts and the control group when heroin dependents had undergone an abstinence period of one month. Structural impa ...
... cingulate cortex, and the occipital regions in heroin dependents after three days of abstinence (17). No significant difference was found in the superior frontal gyrus between heroin addicts and the control group when heroin dependents had undergone an abstinence period of one month. Structural impa ...
Functional magnetic resonance imaging
Functional magnetic resonance imaging or functional MRI (fMRI) is a functional neuroimaging procedure using MRI technology that measures brain activity by detecting associated changes in blood flow. This technique relies on the fact that cerebral blood flow and neuronal activation are coupled. When an area of the brain is in use, blood flow to that region also increases.The primary form of fMRI uses the blood-oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) contrast, discovered by Seiji Ogawa. This is a type of specialized brain and body scan used to map neural activity in the brain or spinal cord of humans or other animals by imaging the change in blood flow (hemodynamic response) related to energy use by brain cells. Since the early 1990s, fMRI has come to dominate brain mapping research because it does not require people to undergo shots, surgery, or to ingest substances, or be exposed to radiation, etc. Other methods of obtaining contrast are arterial spin labeling and diffusion MRI.The procedure is similar to MRI but uses the change in magnetization between oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor blood as its basic measure. This measure is frequently corrupted by noise from various sources and hence statistical procedures are used to extract the underlying signal. The resulting brain activation can be presented graphically by color-coding the strength of activation across the brain or the specific region studied. The technique can localize activity to within millimeters but, using standard techniques, no better than within a window of a few seconds.fMRI is used both in the research world, and to a lesser extent, in the clinical world. It can also be combined and complemented with other measures of brain physiology such as EEG and NIRS. Newer methods which improve both spatial and time resolution are being researched, and these largely use biomarkers other than the BOLD signal. Some companies have developed commercial products such as lie detectors based on fMRI techniques, but the research is not believed to be ripe enough for widespread commercialization.