Lower Gray Matter Density in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex and
... cingulate cortex, and the occipital regions in heroin dependents after three days of abstinence (17). No significant difference was found in the superior frontal gyrus between heroin addicts and the control group when heroin dependents had undergone an abstinence period of one month. Structural impa ...
... cingulate cortex, and the occipital regions in heroin dependents after three days of abstinence (17). No significant difference was found in the superior frontal gyrus between heroin addicts and the control group when heroin dependents had undergone an abstinence period of one month. Structural impa ...
Structural and functional brain network correlates of depressive
... disease caused by a dominantly inherited CAG repeat expansion in the huntingtin gene on chromosome 4 [Ross et al., 2014]. It is characterized by cognitive, motor and neuropsychiatric impairment. Depression can precede the onset of motor symptoms by many years [Tabrizi et al., 2009] and has a signifi ...
... disease caused by a dominantly inherited CAG repeat expansion in the huntingtin gene on chromosome 4 [Ross et al., 2014]. It is characterized by cognitive, motor and neuropsychiatric impairment. Depression can precede the onset of motor symptoms by many years [Tabrizi et al., 2009] and has a signifi ...
melanin in the body
... In the skin melanin is made of smaller component molecules, and there is a variety of different types of melanin with different molecule bonding patterns. Pheomelanin (melanin red-brown in colour) and eumelanin (melanin which is black-brown in colour) are found in the skin and hair. It is eumelanin ...
... In the skin melanin is made of smaller component molecules, and there is a variety of different types of melanin with different molecule bonding patterns. Pheomelanin (melanin red-brown in colour) and eumelanin (melanin which is black-brown in colour) are found in the skin and hair. It is eumelanin ...
EEG Alpha Oscillations The inhibition
... – It takes 50ms (due to peripheral transmission time) for a visual stimulus to be processed at the cortex – The stimuli which are displayed during positive alpha cycle perceived as moving. (processed after 50ms when the alpha is in the negative cycle and the cortex is in the more excitatory state, s ...
... – It takes 50ms (due to peripheral transmission time) for a visual stimulus to be processed at the cortex – The stimuli which are displayed during positive alpha cycle perceived as moving. (processed after 50ms when the alpha is in the negative cycle and the cortex is in the more excitatory state, s ...
BOLD fMRI study of ultrahigh frequency encoding in the
... 1991; Malmierca, 2003). For example, in the primary auditory nucleus in the midbrain, called the inferior colliculus (IC), which is a compulsory relay for all ascending auditory projections (Malmierca, 2003) and a region that efficiently encodes vocalizations (Holmstrom et al., 2010), the tonotopic o ...
... 1991; Malmierca, 2003). For example, in the primary auditory nucleus in the midbrain, called the inferior colliculus (IC), which is a compulsory relay for all ascending auditory projections (Malmierca, 2003) and a region that efficiently encodes vocalizations (Holmstrom et al., 2010), the tonotopic o ...
Theory of Mind: A Neural Prediction Problem
... the identity of these regions has been known since the very first neuroimaging studies were conducted. By 2000, based on four empirical studies, Frith and Frith concluded that ‘‘Studies in which volunteers have to make inferences about the mental states of others activate a number of brain areas, mo ...
... the identity of these regions has been known since the very first neuroimaging studies were conducted. By 2000, based on four empirical studies, Frith and Frith concluded that ‘‘Studies in which volunteers have to make inferences about the mental states of others activate a number of brain areas, mo ...
Principles of neural ensemble physiology underlying the operation
... PersPectives that information about single motor parameters is processed within multiple cortical areas. BMI studies1,42 have also revealed that real-time predictions of motor parameters can be obtained from multiple frontal and parietal cortical areas. This widespread representation of motor param ...
... PersPectives that information about single motor parameters is processed within multiple cortical areas. BMI studies1,42 have also revealed that real-time predictions of motor parameters can be obtained from multiple frontal and parietal cortical areas. This widespread representation of motor param ...
pdf
... of active sources. The sLORETA solution space consists of 6,239 voxels (voxel size: 5 x 5 x 5 mm) and is restricted to cortical gray matter and hippocampi, as defined by the digitized Montreal Neurological Institute probability atlas. The sLORETA data were compared with an aged and gender-matched no ...
... of active sources. The sLORETA solution space consists of 6,239 voxels (voxel size: 5 x 5 x 5 mm) and is restricted to cortical gray matter and hippocampi, as defined by the digitized Montreal Neurological Institute probability atlas. The sLORETA data were compared with an aged and gender-matched no ...
BRAIN SIMULATION PLATFORM
... biologically detailed, multi-level models of the brain displaying emergent structures and behaviours. The Platform will make it possible to reconstruct and simulate models at different levels of description (abstract computational models, point neuron models, detailed cellular level models of neuron ...
... biologically detailed, multi-level models of the brain displaying emergent structures and behaviours. The Platform will make it possible to reconstruct and simulate models at different levels of description (abstract computational models, point neuron models, detailed cellular level models of neuron ...
Individualism, conservatism, and radicalism as criteria for
... National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA Politics is a manifestation of the uniquely human ability to debate, decide, and reach consensus on decisions affecting large groups over long durations of time. Recent neuroimaging studies on politics have focused on the association between brain reg ...
... National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA Politics is a manifestation of the uniquely human ability to debate, decide, and reach consensus on decisions affecting large groups over long durations of time. Recent neuroimaging studies on politics have focused on the association between brain reg ...
Spindle-Like Thalamocortical Synchronization in a Rat Brain Slice
... the middle-deep layers of the rat frontoparietal cortex following VB stimuli bear close resemblance to those described in the mouse barrel cortex by Agmon and Connors (1991). We could identify an early negative event with fixed peak-latency that likely results from the antidromic activation of corti ...
... the middle-deep layers of the rat frontoparietal cortex following VB stimuli bear close resemblance to those described in the mouse barrel cortex by Agmon and Connors (1991). We could identify an early negative event with fixed peak-latency that likely results from the antidromic activation of corti ...
NEUROTRANSMISSION
... Corty appears, emerging from a nearby computer monitor. He says, “Oh, wow, that’s just what I have for you, a mission! You are going to compete with the Junior Scientists to see who can solve more missions.” Latisha and Jay are both really excited. Corty says, “The Junior Scientists solved the last ...
... Corty appears, emerging from a nearby computer monitor. He says, “Oh, wow, that’s just what I have for you, a mission! You are going to compete with the Junior Scientists to see who can solve more missions.” Latisha and Jay are both really excited. Corty says, “The Junior Scientists solved the last ...
Understanding Structural-Functional Relationships in the Human
... The brain is a dynamic complex network of interconnected neural units (neurons or regions) that spans multiple spatial and temporal scales. The networks of the brain can be classified into structural and functional networks based on the collections of brain regions (i.e., nodes) involved and the typ ...
... The brain is a dynamic complex network of interconnected neural units (neurons or regions) that spans multiple spatial and temporal scales. The networks of the brain can be classified into structural and functional networks based on the collections of brain regions (i.e., nodes) involved and the typ ...
Towards Detection of Brain Tumor in Electroencephalogram
... In our paper, we present an efficient classification system to detect EEG signals that possess probable cases of brain tumor. The classification technique employed is based on the theory of support vector machines (SVMs). Here, we describe SVMs that use different similarity metrics, including a simp ...
... In our paper, we present an efficient classification system to detect EEG signals that possess probable cases of brain tumor. The classification technique employed is based on the theory of support vector machines (SVMs). Here, we describe SVMs that use different similarity metrics, including a simp ...
Comparison of Quantities: Core and Format
... activation map (negative > positive). These maps were used to identify the symbolic pathway and, more specifically, to assess how the level of abstraction of the mathematical quantity influences number mining. In a last step, the analogue stimuli on the one hand and symbolic stimuli on the other hand ...
... activation map (negative > positive). These maps were used to identify the symbolic pathway and, more specifically, to assess how the level of abstraction of the mathematical quantity influences number mining. In a last step, the analogue stimuli on the one hand and symbolic stimuli on the other hand ...
Cortical surface area and cortical thickness in the precuneus
... Gv was measured by the rotation of solid figures test, the mental rotation subtest from the PMA (PMA-S), and the spatial relations subtest from the DAT (DAT-SR); (4) working memory capacity (WMC) captures the ability for temporarily store-varied amounts of information while facing a concurrent proces ...
... Gv was measured by the rotation of solid figures test, the mental rotation subtest from the PMA (PMA-S), and the spatial relations subtest from the DAT (DAT-SR); (4) working memory capacity (WMC) captures the ability for temporarily store-varied amounts of information while facing a concurrent proces ...
"TOPICS IN THEORETICAL NEUROBIOLOGY"
... • Recall that noise may induce firing. e.g. a leaky integrate and fire model (but not an integrate and fire model) neuron with periodic impulsive excitation at frequency f with amplitude a>0 may never fire an action potential, but if the input is Poisson with the same mean frequency f>0 , the neuron ...
... • Recall that noise may induce firing. e.g. a leaky integrate and fire model (but not an integrate and fire model) neuron with periodic impulsive excitation at frequency f with amplitude a>0 may never fire an action potential, but if the input is Poisson with the same mean frequency f>0 , the neuron ...
From Network Architecture of Forebrain Systems to Brain Wide Web
... studies, using animal models of human disease. Limbic system with related networks was the prime theme of her presentation, with main emphasize placed on the complex interplay between the glutamatergic, GABAergic and dopaminergic circuits. Recent evidence from her group suggests that a deficit in mu ...
... studies, using animal models of human disease. Limbic system with related networks was the prime theme of her presentation, with main emphasize placed on the complex interplay between the glutamatergic, GABAergic and dopaminergic circuits. Recent evidence from her group suggests that a deficit in mu ...
Neuroimaging of cognitive functions in human parietal cortex Jody C
... ‘baseline shift’ attention signals [10] in which neural activity in visual and association areas, including SPL, IPS and in some cases IPL, increases as a function of attentional preparation even before the target stimulus appears [23••,48••,49,51,52•]. Importantly, these baseline signals can be lar ...
... ‘baseline shift’ attention signals [10] in which neural activity in visual and association areas, including SPL, IPS and in some cases IPL, increases as a function of attentional preparation even before the target stimulus appears [23••,48••,49,51,52•]. Importantly, these baseline signals can be lar ...
Eye movement control by the cerebral cortex
... saccade paradigm is commonly used to study this function with eye movements. In this paradigm, the participant has to memorize the location of a target flashed in the peripheral visual field while fixating a central point, and then, after a delay of several seconds or more, make a memory-guided saccade ...
... saccade paradigm is commonly used to study this function with eye movements. In this paradigm, the participant has to memorize the location of a target flashed in the peripheral visual field while fixating a central point, and then, after a delay of several seconds or more, make a memory-guided saccade ...
Abstract Book Brain Circuits for Positive Emotions
... mood and arousal. However, while a growing body of neuroscience research has been able to reveal neural correlates of distinct musical emotions ranging from the basic (e.g. happy and sad) to the aesthetic (e.g. wonder and nostalgia), still elusive are insights into the dynamics of the communication ...
... mood and arousal. However, while a growing body of neuroscience research has been able to reveal neural correlates of distinct musical emotions ranging from the basic (e.g. happy and sad) to the aesthetic (e.g. wonder and nostalgia), still elusive are insights into the dynamics of the communication ...
The Representation of Biological Classes in the Human Brain
... Image acquisition. Brain images were acquired using a 3 T Philips Achieva Intera scanner with an eight-channel head coil. The functional imaging used gradient-echo echoplanar imaging with SENSE reduction factor of 2. The MR parameters were TE/TR ⫽ 35/2000 ms, flip angle ⫽ 90°, resolution ⫽ 3 ⫻ 3 mm, ...
... Image acquisition. Brain images were acquired using a 3 T Philips Achieva Intera scanner with an eight-channel head coil. The functional imaging used gradient-echo echoplanar imaging with SENSE reduction factor of 2. The MR parameters were TE/TR ⫽ 35/2000 ms, flip angle ⫽ 90°, resolution ⫽ 3 ⫻ 3 mm, ...
Melting the Iceberg
... contrast does make the responses get larger, but it does not broaden their selectivity (Skottun et al., 1987). An elegant study in this issue of Neuron (Finn et al., 2007) explains how V1 neurons solve this problem. By recording intracellularly from V1 simple cells, Finn, Priebe, and Ferster were ab ...
... contrast does make the responses get larger, but it does not broaden their selectivity (Skottun et al., 1987). An elegant study in this issue of Neuron (Finn et al., 2007) explains how V1 neurons solve this problem. By recording intracellularly from V1 simple cells, Finn, Priebe, and Ferster were ab ...
Neural Correlates of First-Person Perspective as One Constituent of
... the body of the agent (other or self). To clearly separate these two levels of descriptions, the perspective-related terms 3PP and 1PP are used to indicate the phenomenal level, whereas the egocentric reference frame studied here refers to the cognitive or neural level as conceptualized by the onloo ...
... the body of the agent (other or self). To clearly separate these two levels of descriptions, the perspective-related terms 3PP and 1PP are used to indicate the phenomenal level, whereas the egocentric reference frame studied here refers to the cognitive or neural level as conceptualized by the onloo ...
2. Study Guide Chapter 2
... . . . and eavesdrop on the chatter of billions of neurons; the right side of the body is wired to . . .; Newer windows into the brain . . . Supermanlike; snapshots of the brain’s changing activity provide . . . divides its labor; This peculiar cross-wiring is but one of many surprises the brain has ...
... . . . and eavesdrop on the chatter of billions of neurons; the right side of the body is wired to . . .; Newer windows into the brain . . . Supermanlike; snapshots of the brain’s changing activity provide . . . divides its labor; This peculiar cross-wiring is but one of many surprises the brain has ...
Functional magnetic resonance imaging
Functional magnetic resonance imaging or functional MRI (fMRI) is a functional neuroimaging procedure using MRI technology that measures brain activity by detecting associated changes in blood flow. This technique relies on the fact that cerebral blood flow and neuronal activation are coupled. When an area of the brain is in use, blood flow to that region also increases.The primary form of fMRI uses the blood-oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) contrast, discovered by Seiji Ogawa. This is a type of specialized brain and body scan used to map neural activity in the brain or spinal cord of humans or other animals by imaging the change in blood flow (hemodynamic response) related to energy use by brain cells. Since the early 1990s, fMRI has come to dominate brain mapping research because it does not require people to undergo shots, surgery, or to ingest substances, or be exposed to radiation, etc. Other methods of obtaining contrast are arterial spin labeling and diffusion MRI.The procedure is similar to MRI but uses the change in magnetization between oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor blood as its basic measure. This measure is frequently corrupted by noise from various sources and hence statistical procedures are used to extract the underlying signal. The resulting brain activation can be presented graphically by color-coding the strength of activation across the brain or the specific region studied. The technique can localize activity to within millimeters but, using standard techniques, no better than within a window of a few seconds.fMRI is used both in the research world, and to a lesser extent, in the clinical world. It can also be combined and complemented with other measures of brain physiology such as EEG and NIRS. Newer methods which improve both spatial and time resolution are being researched, and these largely use biomarkers other than the BOLD signal. Some companies have developed commercial products such as lie detectors based on fMRI techniques, but the research is not believed to be ripe enough for widespread commercialization.