Neural coding of behavioral relevance in parietal cortex
... features in the parietal cortex As described above, attentional effects are not just restricted to the location of visual stimuli. Saenz et al. [41] asked subjects to attend to a patch of moving dots in one hemifield, while simultaneously viewing a second task-irrelevant patch of moving dots in the ...
... features in the parietal cortex As described above, attentional effects are not just restricted to the location of visual stimuli. Saenz et al. [41] asked subjects to attend to a patch of moving dots in one hemifield, while simultaneously viewing a second task-irrelevant patch of moving dots in the ...
Multimodal functional and structural neuroimaging investigation of major depressive
... episode and healthy controls matched for age, gender, and IQ (n = 25; mean age 38.8 years). MDD patients received treatment with duloxetine 60 mg daily for 12 weeks with an optional dose increase to 120 mg daily after 8 weeks. All participants had serial imaging at weeks 0, 1, 8, and 12 on a 3 Tesla ...
... episode and healthy controls matched for age, gender, and IQ (n = 25; mean age 38.8 years). MDD patients received treatment with duloxetine 60 mg daily for 12 weeks with an optional dose increase to 120 mg daily after 8 weeks. All participants had serial imaging at weeks 0, 1, 8, and 12 on a 3 Tesla ...
Introduction to Neurophysiology
... maintenance and restoration of Ionic gradients across the cell membrane; and the remaining 25% is used for molecular transport, biosynthesis, and other as yet unidentified processes. Most of the energy generated is consumed by neurons. Glial cells that make up almost 50% of the brain have a much low ...
... maintenance and restoration of Ionic gradients across the cell membrane; and the remaining 25% is used for molecular transport, biosynthesis, and other as yet unidentified processes. Most of the energy generated is consumed by neurons. Glial cells that make up almost 50% of the brain have a much low ...
Anomalous Prefrontal-Subcortical Activation in
... DLPFC N-acetylaspartate levels, a marker of neuronal density, in adults8 and children9 with BD. Additionally, children with BD during a manic episode were reported to have increased myo-inositol levels in the ACC.10 In light of these findings, it is likely that these prefrontal areas are involved i ...
... DLPFC N-acetylaspartate levels, a marker of neuronal density, in adults8 and children9 with BD. Additionally, children with BD during a manic episode were reported to have increased myo-inositol levels in the ACC.10 In light of these findings, it is likely that these prefrontal areas are involved i ...
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... Single-unit recording is used when a probe is inserted in or near an individual neuron. The probe transmits the electrical activity to an amplifier so that researchers can see the activity. Brain Imaging A computerized axial tomography (CAT scan or CT scan) produces a three-dimensional image obtai ...
... Single-unit recording is used when a probe is inserted in or near an individual neuron. The probe transmits the electrical activity to an amplifier so that researchers can see the activity. Brain Imaging A computerized axial tomography (CAT scan or CT scan) produces a three-dimensional image obtai ...
Trends Towards Progress of Brains and Sense Organs
... difficult. We can only distinguish between general and more specific trends. The former are of much greater interest for the understanding of evolution as they govern the development of many branches of the phylogeny of animals. However, by using the term "general trend" we do not want to characteri ...
... difficult. We can only distinguish between general and more specific trends. The former are of much greater interest for the understanding of evolution as they govern the development of many branches of the phylogeny of animals. However, by using the term "general trend" we do not want to characteri ...
Lecoq J, Savall J, Vucinic D, Grewe BF, Kim H, Li
... anesthetized mice expressing the red fluorophore TdTomato 10 in parvalbumin interneurons. To illustrate flexibility of usage, we examined a pair of neocortical areas (motor area M1 and somatosensory area S1) separated by ~3.5 mm (Fig. 2a), and another pair (visual areas V1 and LM) that were adjacent ...
... anesthetized mice expressing the red fluorophore TdTomato 10 in parvalbumin interneurons. To illustrate flexibility of usage, we examined a pair of neocortical areas (motor area M1 and somatosensory area S1) separated by ~3.5 mm (Fig. 2a), and another pair (visual areas V1 and LM) that were adjacent ...
Fact vs fiction—how paratextual information
... when participants evaluated real persons and concluded that real persons elicit more autobiographical memory retrieval as they have a higher personal relevance (see also Summerfield et al., 2009). However, as all those studies used slightly different materials across conditions, it cannot be exclude ...
... when participants evaluated real persons and concluded that real persons elicit more autobiographical memory retrieval as they have a higher personal relevance (see also Summerfield et al., 2009). However, as all those studies used slightly different materials across conditions, it cannot be exclude ...
Nota Bene-- C:\BRNBK\DRAFTS\MEETBRN.TXT Job 1
... single most complicated object in the universe. Even allowing for human conceit, I can believe it. Information--whether the neuron is resting or active--passes from neuron to neuron in the form of chemicals called neurotransmitters. These are what neurochemists and neuropharmacologists study, and th ...
... single most complicated object in the universe. Even allowing for human conceit, I can believe it. Information--whether the neuron is resting or active--passes from neuron to neuron in the form of chemicals called neurotransmitters. These are what neurochemists and neuropharmacologists study, and th ...
Structural divisions and functional fields in the human cerebral cortex 1
... Microstructural parcellation of the human cerebral cortex should be made on multiple criteria based on quantitative measurements of microstructural variables, such as neuron densities, neurotransmitter receptor densities, enzyme densities, etc. Because of the inter-individual variations of extent an ...
... Microstructural parcellation of the human cerebral cortex should be made on multiple criteria based on quantitative measurements of microstructural variables, such as neuron densities, neurotransmitter receptor densities, enzyme densities, etc. Because of the inter-individual variations of extent an ...
Visual speech circuits in profound acquired
... Effects due to duration of deafness and lipreading fluency in deaf patients were assessed in the fMRI dataset. Contrast images of the speechreading condition in deaf patients were entered into a multiple regression analysis with the two clinical factors as covariates to identify brain regions correl ...
... Effects due to duration of deafness and lipreading fluency in deaf patients were assessed in the fMRI dataset. Contrast images of the speechreading condition in deaf patients were entered into a multiple regression analysis with the two clinical factors as covariates to identify brain regions correl ...
Mike Webster the king of the NFL comes in with all his brute force
... series of acids and fluids, some are very strong such as sarin acid but others are weaker but deadly too. CTE first starts out by a series of hard hits. This causes the protective fluid in your brain to damage making your brain vulnerable. Then your neurons are affected. Two things can happen her ...
... series of acids and fluids, some are very strong such as sarin acid but others are weaker but deadly too. CTE first starts out by a series of hard hits. This causes the protective fluid in your brain to damage making your brain vulnerable. Then your neurons are affected. Two things can happen her ...
Brain regions associated with moment-to
... and insular cortices (Menon and Uddin, 2010; Seeley et al., 2007) are intimately involved in rapid on-line adjustments in control. According to Menon and Uddin (2010) for example, the AI and dACC are core members of a larger salience network that rapidly activates to stimuli of potential motivationa ...
... and insular cortices (Menon and Uddin, 2010; Seeley et al., 2007) are intimately involved in rapid on-line adjustments in control. According to Menon and Uddin (2010) for example, the AI and dACC are core members of a larger salience network that rapidly activates to stimuli of potential motivationa ...
PDF
... commissure line. Slice-time correction was conducted to adjust for time differences due to multi-slice imaging acquisition. To correct for between-scan movements, the functional images were realigned to the first image of the session and again realigned to the mean image created after the first realign ...
... commissure line. Slice-time correction was conducted to adjust for time differences due to multi-slice imaging acquisition. To correct for between-scan movements, the functional images were realigned to the first image of the session and again realigned to the mean image created after the first realign ...
Neural predictors of evaluative attitudes toward
... potential to provide a process-pure metric, and avoid the contamination with many other processes that limits currently available explicit as well as implicit measures of attitude (Conrey et al., 2005; Sherman, 2009). Our approach used multivoxel pattern analysis (MVPA) together with support vector ...
... potential to provide a process-pure metric, and avoid the contamination with many other processes that limits currently available explicit as well as implicit measures of attitude (Conrey et al., 2005; Sherman, 2009). Our approach used multivoxel pattern analysis (MVPA) together with support vector ...
Age-related differences in brain activity underlying identification of
... (FWHM) to increase the signal-to-noise ratio. The initial 10 image volumes in each run, in which transient signal changes occur as brain magnetization reaches a steady state, were excluded from all analyses. The resulting voxel size after processing was 4 4 4 mm3. For statistical analysis we use ...
... (FWHM) to increase the signal-to-noise ratio. The initial 10 image volumes in each run, in which transient signal changes occur as brain magnetization reaches a steady state, were excluded from all analyses. The resulting voxel size after processing was 4 4 4 mm3. For statistical analysis we use ...
The Different Neural Correlates of Action and Functional Knowledge
... a scanning period was always the same throughout the experiment (AF-AF for 9 subjects, FA--FA for the other 6 subjects). The consistency with which the pairings between objects were associated with the target (yes or no) response was tested across all stimulus sets by means of a behavioral study, in ...
... a scanning period was always the same throughout the experiment (AF-AF for 9 subjects, FA--FA for the other 6 subjects). The consistency with which the pairings between objects were associated with the target (yes or no) response was tested across all stimulus sets by means of a behavioral study, in ...
Amplifier 1
... There has been a brief and relatively narrow history of using EEG for actual mind-control based uses due to the fact that it is a new area in bio-engineering. However, their have been a couple forerunners in this field that act to pave the way for the future. Among these are two important research p ...
... There has been a brief and relatively narrow history of using EEG for actual mind-control based uses due to the fact that it is a new area in bio-engineering. However, their have been a couple forerunners in this field that act to pave the way for the future. Among these are two important research p ...
Word tones cueing morphosyntactic structure
... Accordingly, validly cued Accent 1 suffixes have yielded shorter response times than Accent 2 suffixes (Roll et al., 2013; ...
... Accordingly, validly cued Accent 1 suffixes have yielded shorter response times than Accent 2 suffixes (Roll et al., 2013; ...
The changing impact of genes and environment on brain
... Frith, Husband, & Kreel, 1976). Since then, a large body of observations has accumulated relating differences in brain structure and function to typical and atypical aspects of behavior, and work in this area is accelerating as techniques improve. In the following discussion we will be focusing on b ...
... Frith, Husband, & Kreel, 1976). Since then, a large body of observations has accumulated relating differences in brain structure and function to typical and atypical aspects of behavior, and work in this area is accelerating as techniques improve. In the following discussion we will be focusing on b ...
Temporal and spatial neural dynamics in the perception of basic
... sadness and happiness may involve a slower unfolding over time than that of fear or disgust (Fredrickson, 1998; Baumeister et al., 2001). Aside from its theoretical relevance, including the time element in our current understanding of emotions can also yield new discoveries about how emotions are re ...
... sadness and happiness may involve a slower unfolding over time than that of fear or disgust (Fredrickson, 1998; Baumeister et al., 2001). Aside from its theoretical relevance, including the time element in our current understanding of emotions can also yield new discoveries about how emotions are re ...
biological bases of behavior
... Synapse: The tiny gap between the sending and receiving neurons Neural Networks: Clusters of neurons that work together and become strengthened with use. Neural Communication: Neurons communicate via an electrochemical process Electrical Process Resting Potential: Neuron is at rest and is said to be ...
... Synapse: The tiny gap between the sending and receiving neurons Neural Networks: Clusters of neurons that work together and become strengthened with use. Neural Communication: Neurons communicate via an electrochemical process Electrical Process Resting Potential: Neuron is at rest and is said to be ...
KISHORE Aswathy - School of Computing
... representation’. Accordingly, different features of the object such as shape, texture and colour will be represented in different parts of the brain. Hence, in order to have a complete representation for the object, these individual localised representations have to be bound together to form a globa ...
... representation’. Accordingly, different features of the object such as shape, texture and colour will be represented in different parts of the brain. Hence, in order to have a complete representation for the object, these individual localised representations have to be bound together to form a globa ...
Investigation of the central regulation of taste perception and
... of the cells needs constant energy supply. To fulfil this requirement, a part of the consumed nutrients is metabolized and supplies energy and functioning as building blocks, whereas the other part is stored in the liver and in the adipose tissue as glycogen and fat. The function of food intake is t ...
... of the cells needs constant energy supply. To fulfil this requirement, a part of the consumed nutrients is metabolized and supplies energy and functioning as building blocks, whereas the other part is stored in the liver and in the adipose tissue as glycogen and fat. The function of food intake is t ...
The Importance of Chaos Theory in the Development of Artificial
... One example input neuron in this system feeds its output back to itself with a high weight, as well as feeding its output to the neurons in the output layer, each of which has a low weight on the connection to this sample neuron (or, alternately, a higher threshold). Imagine that an initial input to ...
... One example input neuron in this system feeds its output back to itself with a high weight, as well as feeding its output to the neurons in the output layer, each of which has a low weight on the connection to this sample neuron (or, alternately, a higher threshold). Imagine that an initial input to ...
Functional magnetic resonance imaging
Functional magnetic resonance imaging or functional MRI (fMRI) is a functional neuroimaging procedure using MRI technology that measures brain activity by detecting associated changes in blood flow. This technique relies on the fact that cerebral blood flow and neuronal activation are coupled. When an area of the brain is in use, blood flow to that region also increases.The primary form of fMRI uses the blood-oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) contrast, discovered by Seiji Ogawa. This is a type of specialized brain and body scan used to map neural activity in the brain or spinal cord of humans or other animals by imaging the change in blood flow (hemodynamic response) related to energy use by brain cells. Since the early 1990s, fMRI has come to dominate brain mapping research because it does not require people to undergo shots, surgery, or to ingest substances, or be exposed to radiation, etc. Other methods of obtaining contrast are arterial spin labeling and diffusion MRI.The procedure is similar to MRI but uses the change in magnetization between oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor blood as its basic measure. This measure is frequently corrupted by noise from various sources and hence statistical procedures are used to extract the underlying signal. The resulting brain activation can be presented graphically by color-coding the strength of activation across the brain or the specific region studied. The technique can localize activity to within millimeters but, using standard techniques, no better than within a window of a few seconds.fMRI is used both in the research world, and to a lesser extent, in the clinical world. It can also be combined and complemented with other measures of brain physiology such as EEG and NIRS. Newer methods which improve both spatial and time resolution are being researched, and these largely use biomarkers other than the BOLD signal. Some companies have developed commercial products such as lie detectors based on fMRI techniques, but the research is not believed to be ripe enough for widespread commercialization.