Brain and Behavior
... One-Minute Motivator 2.1: Firing of the Neuron To conceptualize the firing of the neuron, students often need analogies to concrete objects. Possible analogies include: a radio, a telephone, a fax machine, a stereo system, the process of sending mail, etc. The analogy must be developed carefully: It ...
... One-Minute Motivator 2.1: Firing of the Neuron To conceptualize the firing of the neuron, students often need analogies to concrete objects. Possible analogies include: a radio, a telephone, a fax machine, a stereo system, the process of sending mail, etc. The analogy must be developed carefully: It ...
The mind`s mirror
... because you're clearing the table," says Marco Iacoboni. "The question is whether mirror neurons can tell the difference." In a recent study published in PLOS Biology (Vol. 3, No. 3, pages 529–535), he and his colleagues found some evidence that they can. The researchers used fMRI to examine 23 part ...
... because you're clearing the table," says Marco Iacoboni. "The question is whether mirror neurons can tell the difference." In a recent study published in PLOS Biology (Vol. 3, No. 3, pages 529–535), he and his colleagues found some evidence that they can. The researchers used fMRI to examine 23 part ...
Voltage-Sensitive Dye Imaging: Technique review and Models
... (VSDI). This optical imaging technique offers the possibility to visualize, in real time, the cortical activity of large neuronal populations with high spatial resolution (down to 20-50 µm) and high temporal resolution (down to the millisecond). With such resolutions, VSDI appears to be the best tec ...
... (VSDI). This optical imaging technique offers the possibility to visualize, in real time, the cortical activity of large neuronal populations with high spatial resolution (down to 20-50 µm) and high temporal resolution (down to the millisecond). With such resolutions, VSDI appears to be the best tec ...
Effect of pH on Metabolism and Ultrastructure of Guinea Pig
... density (fig. 4). Other mitochondria show generalized swelling up to two or three times normal size with a greatly decreased density of the matrix (fig. 5). From pH 7.0 to pH 6.2, swelling of cells and processes is progressively more severe, and at the latter value the tissue is so disrupted as to b ...
... density (fig. 4). Other mitochondria show generalized swelling up to two or three times normal size with a greatly decreased density of the matrix (fig. 5). From pH 7.0 to pH 6.2, swelling of cells and processes is progressively more severe, and at the latter value the tissue is so disrupted as to b ...
Equal numbers of neuronal and nonneuronal cells make the human
... (Lange, 1975; Andersen et al., 1992) and fewer than 4 billion glial cells (Andersen et al., 1992). From such studies, the total number of neurons in the human brain might be inferred to fall anywhere between about 75 and 125 billion plus an undetermined number of neurons in the brainstem, diencephal ...
... (Lange, 1975; Andersen et al., 1992) and fewer than 4 billion glial cells (Andersen et al., 1992). From such studies, the total number of neurons in the human brain might be inferred to fall anywhere between about 75 and 125 billion plus an undetermined number of neurons in the brainstem, diencephal ...
Learning pattern recognition and decision making in the insect brain
... The process of deciding what action to take based on the current and future expected external/internal state is typically called decision making [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]. There are two key critical information processing components ubiquitous in the decision making process: i) the prediction of one’s action ...
... The process of deciding what action to take based on the current and future expected external/internal state is typically called decision making [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]. There are two key critical information processing components ubiquitous in the decision making process: i) the prediction of one’s action ...
A Neuron Play - Web Adventures
... cell body and on to other places. Suddenly, the signal reached a synapse (have first neurotransmitter person come up). This was it. There was a gap and the electrical signal could not go across it. All of a sudden though, some chemicals, neurotransmitters, went across the gap and on to the dendrites ...
... cell body and on to other places. Suddenly, the signal reached a synapse (have first neurotransmitter person come up). This was it. There was a gap and the electrical signal could not go across it. All of a sudden though, some chemicals, neurotransmitters, went across the gap and on to the dendrites ...
Use of T2-weighted susceptibility contrast MRI for mapping the
... (13,18). Their superparamagnetic properties create susceptibility effects that modify strongly and locally the transverse relaxation rates R2 and R2* (19). Their long half-life in the intravascular pool make steady-state measurements possible. The utility of such steady-state susceptibility contrast ...
... (13,18). Their superparamagnetic properties create susceptibility effects that modify strongly and locally the transverse relaxation rates R2 and R2* (19). Their long half-life in the intravascular pool make steady-state measurements possible. The utility of such steady-state susceptibility contrast ...
Deshpande_Gopikrishna_200708_phd
... unrelenting motivation and drive to reach higher echelons in my life and I wish to express immense gratitude for that. There are no words that can describe my eternal gratitude to my parents, Dr. Narayana Dutt and Katyayini. The person I am today is because of their selfless and committed efforts to ...
... unrelenting motivation and drive to reach higher echelons in my life and I wish to express immense gratitude for that. There are no words that can describe my eternal gratitude to my parents, Dr. Narayana Dutt and Katyayini. The person I am today is because of their selfless and committed efforts to ...
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
... TBI Insensitivity of GCS to mild injury Ineffectiveness of imaging studies for detecting mild injury Reporting of PTA highly unreliable (even reporting LOC!) ...
... TBI Insensitivity of GCS to mild injury Ineffectiveness of imaging studies for detecting mild injury Reporting of PTA highly unreliable (even reporting LOC!) ...
5. Discussion - UvA-DARE - University of Amsterdam
... Last, when exposed to an environment containing multiple visual patterns, an organism will benefit from the ability to differentially represent behaviorally relevant stimuli. Orientation-tuned cells can increase their ability of discriminating two very similar orientations by sharpening their tuning ...
... Last, when exposed to an environment containing multiple visual patterns, an organism will benefit from the ability to differentially represent behaviorally relevant stimuli. Orientation-tuned cells can increase their ability of discriminating two very similar orientations by sharpening their tuning ...
Task-induced brain activity in aphasic stroke
... As another example, an interpretation based on retrieval processes rather than on representations was also made in relation to the effects of semantic ambiguity in sentence comprehension. Thus, ‘the shell was fired towards the tank’ is effortlessly accepted as meaningful, despite the two nouns and t ...
... As another example, an interpretation based on retrieval processes rather than on representations was also made in relation to the effects of semantic ambiguity in sentence comprehension. Thus, ‘the shell was fired towards the tank’ is effortlessly accepted as meaningful, despite the two nouns and t ...
PDF
... cell processes (dendrites, axons etc.) will be severed, generating a model of traumatic brain injury. According to early histological observation in slices, there is a 50- to 100-μm deep zone of severely disrupted tissue (Garthewaite et al., 1979; Bak et al., 1980; Frotscher et al., 1981). As a cons ...
... cell processes (dendrites, axons etc.) will be severed, generating a model of traumatic brain injury. According to early histological observation in slices, there is a 50- to 100-μm deep zone of severely disrupted tissue (Garthewaite et al., 1979; Bak et al., 1980; Frotscher et al., 1981). As a cons ...
Brain activity during non-automatic motor production of discrete multi
... associated with working memory, comparison, and response to þ/ cues. The TIMEPRESSURE contrast should therefore control for activity associated with these processes; because MOTOR involved only a simple motor response and no memory or comparison processes, however, the TIMEMOTOR contrast should o ...
... associated with working memory, comparison, and response to þ/ cues. The TIMEPRESSURE contrast should therefore control for activity associated with these processes; because MOTOR involved only a simple motor response and no memory or comparison processes, however, the TIMEMOTOR contrast should o ...
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour
... region with respect to their goals, rather than with respect to commands to specific muscle groups (Rizzolatti et al., 1987a; Gallese et al., 1996; Fadiga et al., 2000). Detailed studies of the response properties of mirror neurons during action observation indicate that they are most responsive to ...
... region with respect to their goals, rather than with respect to commands to specific muscle groups (Rizzolatti et al., 1987a; Gallese et al., 1996; Fadiga et al., 2000). Detailed studies of the response properties of mirror neurons during action observation indicate that they are most responsive to ...
Appendix S1 Relation of local short
... contribute to local EEG considerably and others insignificantly. What is the contribution of volume conduction effect in this context? Firstly, volume conduction effect is distance dependent: the larger the distance of the recording electrode from the current source, the less informative the measure ...
... contribute to local EEG considerably and others insignificantly. What is the contribution of volume conduction effect in this context? Firstly, volume conduction effect is distance dependent: the larger the distance of the recording electrode from the current source, the less informative the measure ...
The Neurobiology of EMDR: Exploring the
... stem, norepinephrine, which then surge through the body, eliciting alertness. These neurotransmitters activate the receptors on the vagus nerve (LeDoux, 1986). While the vagus nerve carries messages from the brain to regulate the heart, it also carries signals back to the brain, triggered by epineph ...
... stem, norepinephrine, which then surge through the body, eliciting alertness. These neurotransmitters activate the receptors on the vagus nerve (LeDoux, 1986). While the vagus nerve carries messages from the brain to regulate the heart, it also carries signals back to the brain, triggered by epineph ...
Article Link - Cortical Systems and Behavior Laboratory
... 40 and 60 mW. The first neuron exhibiting photoactivation in each subject was not evident for several weeks following the injection of the viral construct. For subject J, the first photoactivated unit was recorded 48 days after the viral injection, whereas the first photoactivated neuron in subject ...
... 40 and 60 mW. The first neuron exhibiting photoactivation in each subject was not evident for several weeks following the injection of the viral construct. For subject J, the first photoactivated unit was recorded 48 days after the viral injection, whereas the first photoactivated neuron in subject ...
system quanta as discrete units of behavior
... wave properties of any system quantum. Torsion mechanism in system quanta activity. The torsion mechanisms are known to be produced by the rotator spin moments of interacting particles. Spin moment corresponds to the direction of the spin, which can change its direction when new information influenc ...
... wave properties of any system quantum. Torsion mechanism in system quanta activity. The torsion mechanisms are known to be produced by the rotator spin moments of interacting particles. Spin moment corresponds to the direction of the spin, which can change its direction when new information influenc ...
PDF
... brain’s physiological “operating system”,a function of the tri-cellular metabolism of N-acetylaspartate (NAA) and N-acetylaspartylglutamate (NAAG) for supply of energy, and on the nature of “neuronal words and languages” for intercellular communication, insights into the brain’s modular structural a ...
... brain’s physiological “operating system”,a function of the tri-cellular metabolism of N-acetylaspartate (NAA) and N-acetylaspartylglutamate (NAAG) for supply of energy, and on the nature of “neuronal words and languages” for intercellular communication, insights into the brain’s modular structural a ...
Other (Word)
... paper is an attempt to do this in respect to one particular technology: transcranial magnetic stimulation. The study of the brain and cognition has profited enormously from advances in technology. Recently, fMRI, PET, and many other technological developments have played crucial roles in determining ...
... paper is an attempt to do this in respect to one particular technology: transcranial magnetic stimulation. The study of the brain and cognition has profited enormously from advances in technology. Recently, fMRI, PET, and many other technological developments have played crucial roles in determining ...
The Science of Psychology
... • Reuptake - process by which neurotransmitters are taken back into the synaptic vesicles. • Enzyme - a complex protein that is manufactured by cells. • One type specifically breaks up acetylcholine because muscle activity needs to happen rapidly, so reuptake would be too slow. Menu ...
... • Reuptake - process by which neurotransmitters are taken back into the synaptic vesicles. • Enzyme - a complex protein that is manufactured by cells. • One type specifically breaks up acetylcholine because muscle activity needs to happen rapidly, so reuptake would be too slow. Menu ...
Deep Neural Networks for Anatomical Brain Segmentation
... so that the resulting segmentations are comparable between brains. However, manually segmenting the brain is a timeconsuming and expensive process that cannot be performed at a large scale. Its full automation would enable systematic segmentation of MRIs on the fly as soon as the image is acquired. ...
... so that the resulting segmentations are comparable between brains. However, manually segmenting the brain is a timeconsuming and expensive process that cannot be performed at a large scale. Its full automation would enable systematic segmentation of MRIs on the fly as soon as the image is acquired. ...
Body and Behavior - Miami East Local Schools
... the amount of brain tissue associated with the part. The touch and movement of the hands, for example, involve more brain area than the more limited calves. The somatosensory cortex, at the back of the frontal lobe, receives information from the touch sensors. The motor cortex sends information to c ...
... the amount of brain tissue associated with the part. The touch and movement of the hands, for example, involve more brain area than the more limited calves. The somatosensory cortex, at the back of the frontal lobe, receives information from the touch sensors. The motor cortex sends information to c ...
ch. 6 pdf - TeacherWeb
... the amount of brain tissue associated with the part. The touch and movement of the hands, for example, involve more brain area than the more limited calves. The somatosensory cortex, at the back of the frontal lobe, receives information from the touch sensors. The motor cortex sends information to c ...
... the amount of brain tissue associated with the part. The touch and movement of the hands, for example, involve more brain area than the more limited calves. The somatosensory cortex, at the back of the frontal lobe, receives information from the touch sensors. The motor cortex sends information to c ...
Functional magnetic resonance imaging
Functional magnetic resonance imaging or functional MRI (fMRI) is a functional neuroimaging procedure using MRI technology that measures brain activity by detecting associated changes in blood flow. This technique relies on the fact that cerebral blood flow and neuronal activation are coupled. When an area of the brain is in use, blood flow to that region also increases.The primary form of fMRI uses the blood-oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) contrast, discovered by Seiji Ogawa. This is a type of specialized brain and body scan used to map neural activity in the brain or spinal cord of humans or other animals by imaging the change in blood flow (hemodynamic response) related to energy use by brain cells. Since the early 1990s, fMRI has come to dominate brain mapping research because it does not require people to undergo shots, surgery, or to ingest substances, or be exposed to radiation, etc. Other methods of obtaining contrast are arterial spin labeling and diffusion MRI.The procedure is similar to MRI but uses the change in magnetization between oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor blood as its basic measure. This measure is frequently corrupted by noise from various sources and hence statistical procedures are used to extract the underlying signal. The resulting brain activation can be presented graphically by color-coding the strength of activation across the brain or the specific region studied. The technique can localize activity to within millimeters but, using standard techniques, no better than within a window of a few seconds.fMRI is used both in the research world, and to a lesser extent, in the clinical world. It can also be combined and complemented with other measures of brain physiology such as EEG and NIRS. Newer methods which improve both spatial and time resolution are being researched, and these largely use biomarkers other than the BOLD signal. Some companies have developed commercial products such as lie detectors based on fMRI techniques, but the research is not believed to be ripe enough for widespread commercialization.