fMR-adaptation reveals separate processing regions for the
... specialized these regions are. To investigate this question in the present study, we used a complementary paradigm, functional magnetic resonance adaptation (fMRA). By using fMRA, we could now investigate the processing associated with changes in a single stimulus property (e.g. form) without the co ...
... specialized these regions are. To investigate this question in the present study, we used a complementary paradigm, functional magnetic resonance adaptation (fMRA). By using fMRA, we could now investigate the processing associated with changes in a single stimulus property (e.g. form) without the co ...
Link
... and with shifts of attention [12,17] to selected target stimuli. Electrical microstimulation of deep-layer neurons elicits saccadic eye movements to the contralateral visual field, with a specific direction and amplitude corresponding to a well-defined spatial topographic map [5,10,14,18,22]. In hum ...
... and with shifts of attention [12,17] to selected target stimuli. Electrical microstimulation of deep-layer neurons elicits saccadic eye movements to the contralateral visual field, with a specific direction and amplitude corresponding to a well-defined spatial topographic map [5,10,14,18,22]. In hum ...
Category-specific Conceptual Processing of
... a passive reading task while event-related blood-flow changes were measured. We hypothesized that the color- and formrelated meaning of these words is reflected by category-specific activation in temporal lobe, and that form-related words specifically activate premotor and prefrontal cortex. ...
... a passive reading task while event-related blood-flow changes were measured. We hypothesized that the color- and formrelated meaning of these words is reflected by category-specific activation in temporal lobe, and that form-related words specifically activate premotor and prefrontal cortex. ...
(Title 17, United States Code) governs the maki
... Previous research has only considered the morphology changes in terms of volume and neuron count. However, the volume change should be due to an increase or decrease in neuron numbers comprising that area, and thus volume and neuron numbers should both be considered as measurements for such change. ...
... Previous research has only considered the morphology changes in terms of volume and neuron count. However, the volume change should be due to an increase or decrease in neuron numbers comprising that area, and thus volume and neuron numbers should both be considered as measurements for such change. ...
Optogenetics in a transparent animal: circuit function in the larval
... (OKR) where objects moving across the visual field evoke stereotyped tracking eye movements [6], the optomotor response (OMR) where larvae turn and swim in the direction of perceived whole-field visual motion [7], prey tracking and capture [8–11], as well as associative learning [12], and motor adap ...
... (OKR) where objects moving across the visual field evoke stereotyped tracking eye movements [6], the optomotor response (OMR) where larvae turn and swim in the direction of perceived whole-field visual motion [7], prey tracking and capture [8–11], as well as associative learning [12], and motor adap ...
Imaging Brain Slices
... Whole-cell patch clamp is commonly used to study electrophysiological properties of neurons in brain slices (Edwards et al., 1989). Using electrodes filled with fluorescent dyes, the whole-cell configuration of patch clamp injects the dyes into neurons by diffusion through the pipette tip into the n ...
... Whole-cell patch clamp is commonly used to study electrophysiological properties of neurons in brain slices (Edwards et al., 1989). Using electrodes filled with fluorescent dyes, the whole-cell configuration of patch clamp injects the dyes into neurons by diffusion through the pipette tip into the n ...
Avian brains and a new understanding of
... neostriatum and the avian palaeostriatum augmentatum (including the LPO) participate not only in instinctive behaviour and movement, but also in motor learning 26,27. These apparent relationships between the subpallia of mammals and birds have been supported by molecular embryology studies24,28–31. ...
... neostriatum and the avian palaeostriatum augmentatum (including the LPO) participate not only in instinctive behaviour and movement, but also in motor learning 26,27. These apparent relationships between the subpallia of mammals and birds have been supported by molecular embryology studies24,28–31. ...
Brain, Mood and Cognition in Hypothyroidism
... We identified thyroid autoimmunity and treatment duration as factors of neural alterations in long-term treated hypothyroidism. In the control group comparison we did not find structural and functional brain alterations (publication 2). More evidence is needed on neural alterations in hypothyroidism ...
... We identified thyroid autoimmunity and treatment duration as factors of neural alterations in long-term treated hypothyroidism. In the control group comparison we did not find structural and functional brain alterations (publication 2). More evidence is needed on neural alterations in hypothyroidism ...
T2 - Center for Neural Basis of Cognition
... Remapping in humans produces activity in the hemisphere ipsilateral to the stimulus. Remapped activity is present in human parietal, extrastriate and striate cortex. Remapped visual signals are more prevalent at higher levels of the visual system hierarchy. Remapping occurs in parietal and visual co ...
... Remapping in humans produces activity in the hemisphere ipsilateral to the stimulus. Remapped activity is present in human parietal, extrastriate and striate cortex. Remapped visual signals are more prevalent at higher levels of the visual system hierarchy. Remapping occurs in parietal and visual co ...
Encoding Information in Neuronal Activity
... cerebral hemispheres [Engel et al., 1991] . The evidence for synchronized activity and the significance of this phenomenon has been recently thoroughly reviewed [Singer and Gray, 1995, Engel et al., 1997] . It has been suggested that this synchrony provides a means to bind together in time the featu ...
... cerebral hemispheres [Engel et al., 1991] . The evidence for synchronized activity and the significance of this phenomenon has been recently thoroughly reviewed [Singer and Gray, 1995, Engel et al., 1997] . It has been suggested that this synchrony provides a means to bind together in time the featu ...
Probing scale interaction in brain dynamics through synchronization
... one can ideally build any neuronal network (NN) in silico from its individual constituents, and thereby move towards the mesoscopic level of neuronal assemblies. This allows the brain to be traditionally investigated in a reductionist way, using different simplified levels of description. This appro ...
... one can ideally build any neuronal network (NN) in silico from its individual constituents, and thereby move towards the mesoscopic level of neuronal assemblies. This allows the brain to be traditionally investigated in a reductionist way, using different simplified levels of description. This appro ...
Interoception and Emotion: a Neuroanatomical Perspective
... skeletal movements and visceral activation) of the human cerebral cortex. Modern functional imaging studies, which produce color-coded maps of brain activation based on relative measurements of local cerebral blood flow during specific tasks, have validated these insights and are now being used in e ...
... skeletal movements and visceral activation) of the human cerebral cortex. Modern functional imaging studies, which produce color-coded maps of brain activation based on relative measurements of local cerebral blood flow during specific tasks, have validated these insights and are now being used in e ...
Preliminary fMRI findings concerning the influence of 5‐HTP on food
... late cortex not only show a positive correlation with hunger but they also display sensitivity to food desirability (Arana et al., 2003; Shin, ...
... late cortex not only show a positive correlation with hunger but they also display sensitivity to food desirability (Arana et al., 2003; Shin, ...
Mircea Steriade
... recently (1996), we demonstrated the crucial role played by corticothalamic projections in the spatiotemporal coherence of this oscillation. I became actively involved in neuroanatomical work during the third year at the Faculty of Medicine when, as an Assistant in the Department of Anatomy, I secti ...
... recently (1996), we demonstrated the crucial role played by corticothalamic projections in the spatiotemporal coherence of this oscillation. I became actively involved in neuroanatomical work during the third year at the Faculty of Medicine when, as an Assistant in the Department of Anatomy, I secti ...
Turning on the alarm - Center for Healthy Minds
... profiles in SI versus SII, though the experimental design and use of MEG precluded testing for response profile differences across a wider range of brain regions and to a more continuous range of applied stimuli. In this study, we modeled BOLD response profiles along a continuum of applied temperatures ...
... profiles in SI versus SII, though the experimental design and use of MEG precluded testing for response profile differences across a wider range of brain regions and to a more continuous range of applied stimuli. In this study, we modeled BOLD response profiles along a continuum of applied temperatures ...
Functional Clustering Drives Encoding Improvement in a
... firing, in hundreds of neurons in the vertebrate brain [3,5,18,26,29]. We used this method to monitor correlated visually evoked responses across the optic tectum, which requires that firing-rate measurements are accurate on a single-trial basis and not averaged across trials [28]. Optical readout o ...
... firing, in hundreds of neurons in the vertebrate brain [3,5,18,26,29]. We used this method to monitor correlated visually evoked responses across the optic tectum, which requires that firing-rate measurements are accurate on a single-trial basis and not averaged across trials [28]. Optical readout o ...
The caudal part of the frontal cortex is strongly involved - LIRA-Lab
... by another individual, if the seen action is similar to that motorically coded by them (di Pellegrino, et al., 1992; Gallese et al., 1996; Rizzolatti et al., 1996). In contrast to the canonical neurons, mirror neurons do not respond to the mere presentation of objects. Thus, the vision of a real act ...
... by another individual, if the seen action is similar to that motorically coded by them (di Pellegrino, et al., 1992; Gallese et al., 1996; Rizzolatti et al., 1996). In contrast to the canonical neurons, mirror neurons do not respond to the mere presentation of objects. Thus, the vision of a real act ...
Optical probing of neuronal ensemble activity
... sional state space, corresponding to specific sequences of coactive ensembles of neurons that are engaged during particular computational tasks. Additional ‘hidden states’ (reflecting for example subthreshold membrane potential or second messenger concentrations) dynamically change as well and may s ...
... sional state space, corresponding to specific sequences of coactive ensembles of neurons that are engaged during particular computational tasks. Additional ‘hidden states’ (reflecting for example subthreshold membrane potential or second messenger concentrations) dynamically change as well and may s ...
Properties of spike train spectra in two parietal reach areas
... that was spatially tuned. Many single cell PRR spectra exhibited spatially tuned temporal structure, as evidenced by a significant and spatially tuned peak in the 20–50 Hz band. The PRR population spectrum of spike trains was also tuned, with the peak power centered on approximately 25 Hz. In contra ...
... that was spatially tuned. Many single cell PRR spectra exhibited spatially tuned temporal structure, as evidenced by a significant and spatially tuned peak in the 20–50 Hz band. The PRR population spectrum of spike trains was also tuned, with the peak power centered on approximately 25 Hz. In contra ...
Lorazepam dose-dependently decreases risk-taking
... and intertrial interval, as well as the null trials, served as the baseline condition for this analysis. For the outcome-related multiple regression model, two regressors, which quantify risk-taking behavior with gains and losses, respectively, were used to evaluate the neural systems response to th ...
... and intertrial interval, as well as the null trials, served as the baseline condition for this analysis. For the outcome-related multiple regression model, two regressors, which quantify risk-taking behavior with gains and losses, respectively, were used to evaluate the neural systems response to th ...
Anatomical identification of primary auditory cortex in the developing
... easy to breed, easy to train, and more interestingly, it is born with a brain in a rather immature state (1). Nevertheless, gerbil’s brain anatomy descriptions or atlases are not easy to find in the literature, neither adult nor young, and therefore developing auditory cortex in vivo is hard to be l ...
... easy to breed, easy to train, and more interestingly, it is born with a brain in a rather immature state (1). Nevertheless, gerbil’s brain anatomy descriptions or atlases are not easy to find in the literature, neither adult nor young, and therefore developing auditory cortex in vivo is hard to be l ...
Brain Gate
... a cursor on a screen and to open and close the hand on a prosthetic limb just by thinking about the relevant actions. The movements were his first since he was stabbed five years ago. The attack severed his spinal cord. "The results hold out the promise to one day be able to activate limb muscles wi ...
... a cursor on a screen and to open and close the hand on a prosthetic limb just by thinking about the relevant actions. The movements were his first since he was stabbed five years ago. The attack severed his spinal cord. "The results hold out the promise to one day be able to activate limb muscles wi ...
Methods of Studying The Nervous System - U
... • Standard X-rays can’t be used for studying the brain because the brain is composed of many overlapping structures that all absorb X-rays to about the same degree • Contrast X-rays solve this problem in some cases; a radio-opaque material is introduced into the structure of interest to make it “sta ...
... • Standard X-rays can’t be used for studying the brain because the brain is composed of many overlapping structures that all absorb X-rays to about the same degree • Contrast X-rays solve this problem in some cases; a radio-opaque material is introduced into the structure of interest to make it “sta ...
2 Brain and Classical Neural Networks
... the olfactory cortex , in the frontal lobe, deals with smell. The somatosensory cortex , just behind the division between frontal and parietal lobes, has to do with the sensations of touch. There is a very specific mapping between the various parts of the surface of the body and the regions of the so ...
... the olfactory cortex , in the frontal lobe, deals with smell. The somatosensory cortex , just behind the division between frontal and parietal lobes, has to do with the sensations of touch. There is a very specific mapping between the various parts of the surface of the body and the regions of the so ...
The functional organization of the intraparietal sulcus in humans and
... random dot pattern), a tactile (air flow across forehead) or an auditory (binaural beats) motion stimulus, or a stationary modalityspecific control. (B) A conjunction analysis (P < 0.05, corrected for multiple comparisons, n = 8) testing for increased neural activity common to all three conditions c ...
... random dot pattern), a tactile (air flow across forehead) or an auditory (binaural beats) motion stimulus, or a stationary modalityspecific control. (B) A conjunction analysis (P < 0.05, corrected for multiple comparisons, n = 8) testing for increased neural activity common to all three conditions c ...
Functional magnetic resonance imaging
Functional magnetic resonance imaging or functional MRI (fMRI) is a functional neuroimaging procedure using MRI technology that measures brain activity by detecting associated changes in blood flow. This technique relies on the fact that cerebral blood flow and neuronal activation are coupled. When an area of the brain is in use, blood flow to that region also increases.The primary form of fMRI uses the blood-oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) contrast, discovered by Seiji Ogawa. This is a type of specialized brain and body scan used to map neural activity in the brain or spinal cord of humans or other animals by imaging the change in blood flow (hemodynamic response) related to energy use by brain cells. Since the early 1990s, fMRI has come to dominate brain mapping research because it does not require people to undergo shots, surgery, or to ingest substances, or be exposed to radiation, etc. Other methods of obtaining contrast are arterial spin labeling and diffusion MRI.The procedure is similar to MRI but uses the change in magnetization between oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor blood as its basic measure. This measure is frequently corrupted by noise from various sources and hence statistical procedures are used to extract the underlying signal. The resulting brain activation can be presented graphically by color-coding the strength of activation across the brain or the specific region studied. The technique can localize activity to within millimeters but, using standard techniques, no better than within a window of a few seconds.fMRI is used both in the research world, and to a lesser extent, in the clinical world. It can also be combined and complemented with other measures of brain physiology such as EEG and NIRS. Newer methods which improve both spatial and time resolution are being researched, and these largely use biomarkers other than the BOLD signal. Some companies have developed commercial products such as lie detectors based on fMRI techniques, but the research is not believed to be ripe enough for widespread commercialization.