Lecture 8
... transported across the inner mitochondrial membrane, and into the matrix where it is oxidized and combined with coenzyme A to form CO2, acetyl-CoA, and NADH The acetyl-CoA is the primary substrate to enter the citric acid cycle, also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or Krebs cycle. The en ...
... transported across the inner mitochondrial membrane, and into the matrix where it is oxidized and combined with coenzyme A to form CO2, acetyl-CoA, and NADH The acetyl-CoA is the primary substrate to enter the citric acid cycle, also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or Krebs cycle. The en ...
Aerobic Respiration
... higher level to one at a lower level, energy is released. • This energy is usually lost as heat but at particular points in the ETC it is enough to produce ATP. • 3xATP produced for each reduced NAD. • 2xATP produced for each reduced FAD. ...
... higher level to one at a lower level, energy is released. • This energy is usually lost as heat but at particular points in the ETC it is enough to produce ATP. • 3xATP produced for each reduced NAD. • 2xATP produced for each reduced FAD. ...
Chapter 8-1
... • Contains many enzymes involved in diverse activities: epinephrine oxidation, tryptophan degradation, fatty acid elongation, etc. • Porin channel is surrounded by a barrel of β strands • If porin channels wide open, outer membrane is freely permeable to molecules like ATP, NAD & coenzyme A ...
... • Contains many enzymes involved in diverse activities: epinephrine oxidation, tryptophan degradation, fatty acid elongation, etc. • Porin channel is surrounded by a barrel of β strands • If porin channels wide open, outer membrane is freely permeable to molecules like ATP, NAD & coenzyme A ...
Study guide for Midterm 3.
... group shuttle outlined in Figure 21-10. a. Write the overall equation for the transfer of one acetyl group from the mitochondrion to the cytosol. b. What is the cost of this process in ATPs per acetyl group? c. In Chapter 17 we encountered an acyl group shuttle in the transfer of fatty acyl–CoA from ...
... group shuttle outlined in Figure 21-10. a. Write the overall equation for the transfer of one acetyl group from the mitochondrion to the cytosol. b. What is the cost of this process in ATPs per acetyl group? c. In Chapter 17 we encountered an acyl group shuttle in the transfer of fatty acyl–CoA from ...
Chapter 14 - Part I
... • Produce most of a cells ATP – acetyl groups in the Kreb’s cycle producing CO2 and NADH • NADH donates the e- to the electron transport chain and becomes oxidized to NAD+ • e- transfer promotes proton pump and ATP synthesis in process called oxidative phosphorylation • Cells that require large amou ...
... • Produce most of a cells ATP – acetyl groups in the Kreb’s cycle producing CO2 and NADH • NADH donates the e- to the electron transport chain and becomes oxidized to NAD+ • e- transfer promotes proton pump and ATP synthesis in process called oxidative phosphorylation • Cells that require large amou ...
Lecture 4: bioenergetics and metabolism (mitochondria and
... carbohydrates and fatty acids Most mitochondrial proteins are translated on free cytosolic ribosomes and imported into the organelle. They contain their own DNA, which encodes tRNAs, rRNAs, and some mitochondrial proteins. Mitochondrial proteins are encoded by their own genomes and nuclear genome. ...
... carbohydrates and fatty acids Most mitochondrial proteins are translated on free cytosolic ribosomes and imported into the organelle. They contain their own DNA, which encodes tRNAs, rRNAs, and some mitochondrial proteins. Mitochondrial proteins are encoded by their own genomes and nuclear genome. ...
2-4_EnergyProd_FabinyiB
... The main energy suppliers of a cell are the mitochondria. They have an outer and an inner membrane that are separated by the intermembrane space and surround the matrix. The inner membrane folds in several times, creating cristae that expands the surface. The outer membrane is more permeable, allows ...
... The main energy suppliers of a cell are the mitochondria. They have an outer and an inner membrane that are separated by the intermembrane space and surround the matrix. The inner membrane folds in several times, creating cristae that expands the surface. The outer membrane is more permeable, allows ...
complex I
... Its lipid bilayer contains a high proportion of the "double" phospholipid cardiolipin (has four fatty acids rather than two and may help to make the membrane especially impermeable to ions) ...
... Its lipid bilayer contains a high proportion of the "double" phospholipid cardiolipin (has four fatty acids rather than two and may help to make the membrane especially impermeable to ions) ...
Cellular Respiration Scrambled Steps
... the top of your list next to the hand-written words “Purpose of cellular respiration.” ...
... the top of your list next to the hand-written words “Purpose of cellular respiration.” ...
BIO 219 Spring 2013 Outline for “Cell Metabolism” Energy (ATP
... (2) What does ATP stand for? Describe its general structure. (3) What are the four steps of aerobic cellular respiration? What happens in each step? What is the starting molecule in each step? Where in the cell does each step occur? What is the net yield of products for each of these pathways? (4) W ...
... (2) What does ATP stand for? Describe its general structure. (3) What are the four steps of aerobic cellular respiration? What happens in each step? What is the starting molecule in each step? Where in the cell does each step occur? What is the net yield of products for each of these pathways? (4) W ...
Classifying Nature
... makes proteins, and SER--smooth makes lipids. • Golgi Apparatus--modifies proteins involved in secretion. • Endomembrane system--Composed of nuclear envelope, ER, Golgi, Lysosomes and Vesicles, these organelles all work together to make protein sorting and protein secretion possible. ...
... makes proteins, and SER--smooth makes lipids. • Golgi Apparatus--modifies proteins involved in secretion. • Endomembrane system--Composed of nuclear envelope, ER, Golgi, Lysosomes and Vesicles, these organelles all work together to make protein sorting and protein secretion possible. ...
Q01to05
... ATP = 4.8, ADP = 0.2, AMP in uM The total adenine nucleotide pool ([ATP] + [ADP] + [AMP]) in cells is about 5 mM ATP = 4.8, ADP = 0.2, AMP in uM ...
... ATP = 4.8, ADP = 0.2, AMP in uM The total adenine nucleotide pool ([ATP] + [ADP] + [AMP]) in cells is about 5 mM ATP = 4.8, ADP = 0.2, AMP in uM ...
Integrity and purity of the mitochondrial fraction
... positive for MitoTracker staining (Fig. S1A). The mitochondrial fraction was also essentially free of cytoplasmic contaminants such as GAPDH (absent by western blot, Fig. S1B), and the cytosolic enzyme lactate dehydrogenase. The activity of the latter enzyme accounted for < 20% of that found in cyto ...
... positive for MitoTracker staining (Fig. S1A). The mitochondrial fraction was also essentially free of cytoplasmic contaminants such as GAPDH (absent by western blot, Fig. S1B), and the cytosolic enzyme lactate dehydrogenase. The activity of the latter enzyme accounted for < 20% of that found in cyto ...
Mitochondrial DNA
... through three protein complexes embedded in the inner membrane. – Each complex uses some of the electrons’ energy to pump H+ ions out of the matrix into the intermembrane space. – The final protein complex gives the electrons to oxygen, converting it to water. – The H+ ions come back into the matrix ...
... through three protein complexes embedded in the inner membrane. – Each complex uses some of the electrons’ energy to pump H+ ions out of the matrix into the intermembrane space. – The final protein complex gives the electrons to oxygen, converting it to water. – The H+ ions come back into the matrix ...
Aerobic Respiration - East Muskingum Schools
... produces 2 ATP. The Kreb's cycle produces 2 ATP, and the electron transport chain produces 34 ATP. That gives a total of ____ATP when ____________ is available to the cell during aerobic respiration. ...
... produces 2 ATP. The Kreb's cycle produces 2 ATP, and the electron transport chain produces 34 ATP. That gives a total of ____ATP when ____________ is available to the cell during aerobic respiration. ...
energy essentials
... THE FOLLOWING BEST DESCRIBES THE METABOLISM USED? A. ANABOLIC B. CATABOLIC ...
... THE FOLLOWING BEST DESCRIBES THE METABOLISM USED? A. ANABOLIC B. CATABOLIC ...
Biology 155 - Quiz 6 1. In theory, how many molecules of ATP can
... 1. In theory, how many molecules of ATP can be produced from one molecule of acetylCoA if its carbons are completely metabolized in respiration? a. 7.5 b. 8 c. 9 d. 9.5 e. 15 f. 10 (none of the choices a to e were correct.) 2. In eukaryotic cells, the Krebs Cycle occurs in a. the mitochondrial matri ...
... 1. In theory, how many molecules of ATP can be produced from one molecule of acetylCoA if its carbons are completely metabolized in respiration? a. 7.5 b. 8 c. 9 d. 9.5 e. 15 f. 10 (none of the choices a to e were correct.) 2. In eukaryotic cells, the Krebs Cycle occurs in a. the mitochondrial matri ...
A2 Respiration test
... Identify substance X ……………………………………………..…………………[1] hydrogen Identify substance Y ………………………………………………………………..[1] Briefly outline the fate of substance ‘reduced Z’ ………………………………… ...
... Identify substance X ……………………………………………..…………………[1] hydrogen Identify substance Y ………………………………………………………………..[1] Briefly outline the fate of substance ‘reduced Z’ ………………………………… ...
Metabolism - California Science Teacher
... Knowing the chemical reaction of molecules and the bonds by hydrolysis of sucrose, this involves the breaking bonds of glucose and fructose with one of the water molecules, than to form into new bonds. ...
... Knowing the chemical reaction of molecules and the bonds by hydrolysis of sucrose, this involves the breaking bonds of glucose and fructose with one of the water molecules, than to form into new bonds. ...
Mitochondrial Function, Cellular Energy Flux and Hypoxia Analysis
... Easy “mix and measure” protocols, compatible with a range of commercial assays for mitochondrial membrane potential, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and cellular ATP levels. Routinely configured as a screen for drug-induced mitochondrial toxicity. ...
... Easy “mix and measure” protocols, compatible with a range of commercial assays for mitochondrial membrane potential, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and cellular ATP levels. Routinely configured as a screen for drug-induced mitochondrial toxicity. ...
Biochemistry of cell organelles
... ATP synthase is a multiprotein complex (mammalian protein 16 subunits, 600 kDa) consisting of two domains:soluble F1 and membrane-inserted F0. F0 is a disc of C-proteins forming a proton channel; F1 is a complex consisting of alternate and subunits (3 each, blossom-like structure) and one subunit co ...
... ATP synthase is a multiprotein complex (mammalian protein 16 subunits, 600 kDa) consisting of two domains:soluble F1 and membrane-inserted F0. F0 is a disc of C-proteins forming a proton channel; F1 is a complex consisting of alternate and subunits (3 each, blossom-like structure) and one subunit co ...
FREE Sample Here
... A researcher identified an uncharacterized mouse gene and the protein it encoded. The researcher prepared antibodies to the purified protein. To determine the specificity of the antibody the researcher incubated tissue sections from a knock-out mouse with the new antibody. If the antibody were speci ...
... A researcher identified an uncharacterized mouse gene and the protein it encoded. The researcher prepared antibodies to the purified protein. To determine the specificity of the antibody the researcher incubated tissue sections from a knock-out mouse with the new antibody. If the antibody were speci ...
Cell Respiration Flow Chart
... many carbons are in each of these smaller molecules? Enzymes will act on each of these molecules to rearrange their atoms. They will lose the phosphate and some electrons (oxidized) to make two molecules ...
... many carbons are in each of these smaller molecules? Enzymes will act on each of these molecules to rearrange their atoms. They will lose the phosphate and some electrons (oxidized) to make two molecules ...
Mitochondrion
The mitochondrion (plural mitochondria) is a double membrane-bound organelle found in most eukaryotic cells. The word mitochondrion comes from the Greek μίτος, mitos, i.e. ""thread"", and χονδρίον, chondrion, i.e. ""granule"" or ""grain-like"".Mitochondria range from 0.5 to 1.0 μm in diameter. A considerable variation can be seen in the structure and size of this organelle. Unless specifically stained, they are not visible. These structures are described as ""the powerhouse of the cell"" because they generate most of the cell's supply of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), used as a source of chemical energy. In addition to supplying cellular energy, mitochondria are involved in other tasks, such as signaling, cellular differentiation, and cell death, as well as maintaining control of the cell cycle and cell growth. Mitochondria have been implicated in several human diseases, including mitochondrial disorders, cardiac dysfunction, and heart failure. A recent University of California study including ten children diagnosed with severe autism suggests that autism may be correlated with mitochondrial defects as well.Several characteristics make mitochondria unique. The number of mitochondria in a cell can vary widely by organism, tissue, and cell type. For instance, red blood cells have no mitochondria, whereas liver cells can have more than 2000. The organelle is composed of compartments that carry out specialized functions. These compartments or regions include the outer membrane, the intermembrane space, the inner membrane, and the cristae and matrix. Mitochondrial proteins vary depending on the tissue and the species. In humans, 615 distinct types of protein have been identified from cardiac mitochondria, whereas in rats, 940 proteins have been reported. The mitochondrial proteome is thought to be dynamically regulated. Although most of a cell's DNA is contained in the cell nucleus, the mitochondrion has its own independent genome. Further, its DNA shows substantial similarity to bacterial genomes.