Exam Name___________________________________
... 8) At one time the uncoupler 2,4-dinitrophenol was used as a weight reducing drug. Its side-effects, including death, resulted in its discontinued use. How could this drug cause weight loss? A) The uncoupler is an allosteric activator of ATP synthase. This increases the rate of translocation of H+ ...
... 8) At one time the uncoupler 2,4-dinitrophenol was used as a weight reducing drug. Its side-effects, including death, resulted in its discontinued use. How could this drug cause weight loss? A) The uncoupler is an allosteric activator of ATP synthase. This increases the rate of translocation of H+ ...
Mitochondria
... gradient drives pyruvate and phosphate import. 18. The biogenesis of mitochondria. As cells divide, new cytoplasmic organelles must be generated to keep pace with division. This can be accomplished either de novo, or by existing organelles also dividing. ...
... gradient drives pyruvate and phosphate import. 18. The biogenesis of mitochondria. As cells divide, new cytoplasmic organelles must be generated to keep pace with division. This can be accomplished either de novo, or by existing organelles also dividing. ...
Chapter 16, Extranuclear inheritance
... For cytoplasmically inherited genes, all progeny have the mother’s genotype and phenotype ...
... For cytoplasmically inherited genes, all progeny have the mother’s genotype and phenotype ...
Mitochondrial Encephalomyopathy with Lactic Acidosis and
... headaches, diabetes, droopy eyelids, muscle weakness, and short stature ...
... headaches, diabetes, droopy eyelids, muscle weakness, and short stature ...
An outline of glycolysis. Each of the 10 steps shown is catalyzed by
... stage of the breakdown of food molecules. In these cells, pyruvate formed at the end of glycolysis is rapidly transported into the mitochondria, completely oxidized to CO2 and H20. But for many anaerobic organisms, which do not use molecular oxygen and can grow and divide in its absence, glycolysis ...
... stage of the breakdown of food molecules. In these cells, pyruvate formed at the end of glycolysis is rapidly transported into the mitochondria, completely oxidized to CO2 and H20. But for many anaerobic organisms, which do not use molecular oxygen and can grow and divide in its absence, glycolysis ...
Name per ______ date ______ Cell Respiration Introduction
... 3. If the cell uses 2 ATP molecules at the beginning of glycolysis, how does it end up with a net gain of 2 ATP molecules? ...
... 3. If the cell uses 2 ATP molecules at the beginning of glycolysis, how does it end up with a net gain of 2 ATP molecules? ...
BIOCHEM MID SEM EXAM 2014 The Foundations of Biochemistry
... Qu. Define DNA. - Deoxyribonucleic acid, a self-replicating material which is present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes. It is the carrier of genetic information (hereditary material) - It makes up the ‘genome’ of an organism that contains genes encoding RNA + pro ...
... Qu. Define DNA. - Deoxyribonucleic acid, a self-replicating material which is present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes. It is the carrier of genetic information (hereditary material) - It makes up the ‘genome’ of an organism that contains genes encoding RNA + pro ...
Cell death in PD-the case for mitochondria
... • Most common genetic cause-50% with family history • Parkin is an E3 ligase-participates in addition of ubiquitin molecules to target proteins, marking them for degradation by the proteasome • Loss of parkin function therefore leads to an inability to break down toxic substances with subsequent neu ...
... • Most common genetic cause-50% with family history • Parkin is an E3 ligase-participates in addition of ubiquitin molecules to target proteins, marking them for degradation by the proteasome • Loss of parkin function therefore leads to an inability to break down toxic substances with subsequent neu ...
oxidative phosphorylation
... ions and metabolites that are required by mitochondria. It carries proteins that are responsible for lipid formation. 1- It contains complexes - I, II, III, IV, V. which carry out oxidative phosphorylation which in turn generates ATP. These complexes I, II, III, IV form the respiratory chain. 2- It ...
... ions and metabolites that are required by mitochondria. It carries proteins that are responsible for lipid formation. 1- It contains complexes - I, II, III, IV, V. which carry out oxidative phosphorylation which in turn generates ATP. These complexes I, II, III, IV form the respiratory chain. 2- It ...
Bio 7
... Lipids/fats – single glycerol and three free-fatty acids Uses in animals? Proteins – amino acid chains Used as enzymes and structural components of the cell Fold into unique 3D shape that gives each protein’s its function DNA and RNA Nucleotides (nucleic acids) chains Four different nucleotides, eac ...
... Lipids/fats – single glycerol and three free-fatty acids Uses in animals? Proteins – amino acid chains Used as enzymes and structural components of the cell Fold into unique 3D shape that gives each protein’s its function DNA and RNA Nucleotides (nucleic acids) chains Four different nucleotides, eac ...
Note Pages for Monday 12/3 and Tuesday 12/4
... you must collect your energy in another way. All animals, all fungi, some protists, and some prokaryotes are ________________________, or “other makers,” which means they consume calories. We get your energy from _________. Carbohydrates, proteins, and fats are reservoirs of energy. A series of chem ...
... you must collect your energy in another way. All animals, all fungi, some protists, and some prokaryotes are ________________________, or “other makers,” which means they consume calories. We get your energy from _________. Carbohydrates, proteins, and fats are reservoirs of energy. A series of chem ...
Energy Metabolism and Mitochondria
... needed, glycogen can be readily converted back to glucose-1-phosphate, which then enters glycolysis. Fatty acids are the best source of energy for long-term storage. These are stored as fat droplets (triacylglycerols) in fat cells, also known as adipocytes. When needed, these cells release fatty aci ...
... needed, glycogen can be readily converted back to glucose-1-phosphate, which then enters glycolysis. Fatty acids are the best source of energy for long-term storage. These are stored as fat droplets (triacylglycerols) in fat cells, also known as adipocytes. When needed, these cells release fatty aci ...
CELL RESPIRATION
... The Big Picture This lesson meets the following DoE Specific Curriculum Outcomes for Biology 11: 314-2 and 314-9 ...
... The Big Picture This lesson meets the following DoE Specific Curriculum Outcomes for Biology 11: 314-2 and 314-9 ...
Mitochondrial Genome Evolution
... evolution” Science 283: 1476-1481 Leblanc C, Richard O, Kloareg B et al. (1997) “Origin and evolution of mitochondria: what have we learnt from red algae?” Current Genetics 31: 193-207 Lang BF, Gray MW, Burger G (1999) “Mitochondrial genome evolution and the origin of eukaryotes” Annual Review of Ge ...
... evolution” Science 283: 1476-1481 Leblanc C, Richard O, Kloareg B et al. (1997) “Origin and evolution of mitochondria: what have we learnt from red algae?” Current Genetics 31: 193-207 Lang BF, Gray MW, Burger G (1999) “Mitochondrial genome evolution and the origin of eukaryotes” Annual Review of Ge ...
2005 Images SC 1 to 4 - Cancer Insights at ASU
... Mitochondria in Health & Disease • Mitochondria have about 1600 imported gene • products ppppppp - about half have specialized functions and are organ-specific - functions include lipid metabolism, signal transduction • Clinical expression of mitochondrial disease requires a high level of mutations ...
... Mitochondria in Health & Disease • Mitochondria have about 1600 imported gene • products ppppppp - about half have specialized functions and are organ-specific - functions include lipid metabolism, signal transduction • Clinical expression of mitochondrial disease requires a high level of mutations ...
Week 4:
... Fermentation: when oxygen is taken away, yields only the energy associated with glycolysis (2ATP) and yields one of several products that are generally harmful to living organisms at high concentrations: e.g. ethanol, lactic acid. Tuesday 4/26: We mentioned the terms oxidation, reduction, and “redox ...
... Fermentation: when oxygen is taken away, yields only the energy associated with glycolysis (2ATP) and yields one of several products that are generally harmful to living organisms at high concentrations: e.g. ethanol, lactic acid. Tuesday 4/26: We mentioned the terms oxidation, reduction, and “redox ...
Quiz8ch8.doc
... 4. How do cells recycle NADH back to NAD+ during fermentation? a. by converting pyruvate to lactic acid b. by converting pyruvate to ethanol and ...
... 4. How do cells recycle NADH back to NAD+ during fermentation? a. by converting pyruvate to lactic acid b. by converting pyruvate to ethanol and ...
Schematic of key mitochondrial metabolic pathways
... generated through the TCA cycle are next oxidised in a process coupled to ATP synthesis. Electrons are transferred from NADH and FADH2 to oxygen via enzyme complexes located on the inner mitochondrial membrane. Three of the electron carriers (complexes I, III and IV) are proton pumps, and couple the ...
... generated through the TCA cycle are next oxidised in a process coupled to ATP synthesis. Electrons are transferred from NADH and FADH2 to oxygen via enzyme complexes located on the inner mitochondrial membrane. Three of the electron carriers (complexes I, III and IV) are proton pumps, and couple the ...
Assist.lec. Rafah Saleem Mitochondrion:: In cell biology, a
... cells have only a single mitochondrion, whereas others can contain several thousand mitochondria. The organelle is composed of compartments that carry out specialized functions. These compartments or regions include the outer membrane, the intermembrane space, the inner membrane, and the cristae and ...
... cells have only a single mitochondrion, whereas others can contain several thousand mitochondria. The organelle is composed of compartments that carry out specialized functions. These compartments or regions include the outer membrane, the intermembrane space, the inner membrane, and the cristae and ...
Mitochondrial Genome, Role of Mitochondria in Cell Metabolism
... • Mitochondria: cca 1000 polypeptides (respiratory complexes cca 100 polypeptides) • MtDNA encodes 13 polypeptides – ... vast majority of mito proteins is nuclear-coded, synthesised in cytosol and targeted to mitochondria (Evolution: transfer of mitochondrial genes into nucleus) ...
... • Mitochondria: cca 1000 polypeptides (respiratory complexes cca 100 polypeptides) • MtDNA encodes 13 polypeptides – ... vast majority of mito proteins is nuclear-coded, synthesised in cytosol and targeted to mitochondria (Evolution: transfer of mitochondrial genes into nucleus) ...
Oxidative phosphorylation (mitochondria)
... Two primary forms of energy are: Nucleotide triphosphate (e.g. ATP, GTP) Reducing power (NADH, NADPH) Two ways to make them: Through glycolysis (cytosol) Oxidative phosphorylation (mitochondria) ...
... Two primary forms of energy are: Nucleotide triphosphate (e.g. ATP, GTP) Reducing power (NADH, NADPH) Two ways to make them: Through glycolysis (cytosol) Oxidative phosphorylation (mitochondria) ...
Name: Date: 1. The is the source of most of the cellular energy. A
... 3. The ____________ is the organelle that plays a complex function in cell reproduction. A) ...
... 3. The ____________ is the organelle that plays a complex function in cell reproduction. A) ...
Mitochondrion
The mitochondrion (plural mitochondria) is a double membrane-bound organelle found in most eukaryotic cells. The word mitochondrion comes from the Greek μίτος, mitos, i.e. ""thread"", and χονδρίον, chondrion, i.e. ""granule"" or ""grain-like"".Mitochondria range from 0.5 to 1.0 μm in diameter. A considerable variation can be seen in the structure and size of this organelle. Unless specifically stained, they are not visible. These structures are described as ""the powerhouse of the cell"" because they generate most of the cell's supply of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), used as a source of chemical energy. In addition to supplying cellular energy, mitochondria are involved in other tasks, such as signaling, cellular differentiation, and cell death, as well as maintaining control of the cell cycle and cell growth. Mitochondria have been implicated in several human diseases, including mitochondrial disorders, cardiac dysfunction, and heart failure. A recent University of California study including ten children diagnosed with severe autism suggests that autism may be correlated with mitochondrial defects as well.Several characteristics make mitochondria unique. The number of mitochondria in a cell can vary widely by organism, tissue, and cell type. For instance, red blood cells have no mitochondria, whereas liver cells can have more than 2000. The organelle is composed of compartments that carry out specialized functions. These compartments or regions include the outer membrane, the intermembrane space, the inner membrane, and the cristae and matrix. Mitochondrial proteins vary depending on the tissue and the species. In humans, 615 distinct types of protein have been identified from cardiac mitochondria, whereas in rats, 940 proteins have been reported. The mitochondrial proteome is thought to be dynamically regulated. Although most of a cell's DNA is contained in the cell nucleus, the mitochondrion has its own independent genome. Further, its DNA shows substantial similarity to bacterial genomes.