P1 and P2 protein heterodimer binding to the P0 protein of
... GTPase activity of several soluble factors during translation (1). In eukaryotes, the stalk is formed by a central 32-kDa protein, P0, which interacts through its N-terminal domain (NTD) with the highly conserved GTPase-associated region (GAR) of the large rRNA subunit, and with two heterodimers of ...
... GTPase activity of several soluble factors during translation (1). In eukaryotes, the stalk is formed by a central 32-kDa protein, P0, which interacts through its N-terminal domain (NTD) with the highly conserved GTPase-associated region (GAR) of the large rRNA subunit, and with two heterodimers of ...
UNDERSTANDING PKU What is PKU? Phenylketonuria, or PKU
... No, people with PKU are not allergic to protein. Remember that there are 20 building blocks of protein. We need to get all 20 to keep our bodies working right. People with PKU still need protein, but can only tolerate small amounts of one of protein’s building block--phenylalanine. So, people with P ...
... No, people with PKU are not allergic to protein. Remember that there are 20 building blocks of protein. We need to get all 20 to keep our bodies working right. People with PKU still need protein, but can only tolerate small amounts of one of protein’s building block--phenylalanine. So, people with P ...
Mitochondrial quality control by the ubiquitin
... novel protein, which we have named Vms1 [VCP (valosincontaining protein) (p97)/Cdc48-associated mitochondrialstress-responsive 1], recruits Cdc48/p97 and Npl4 to stressed mitochondria [15]. Under normal growth conditions the Vms1 complex resides in the cytosol. However, on treatment with mitochondri ...
... novel protein, which we have named Vms1 [VCP (valosincontaining protein) (p97)/Cdc48-associated mitochondrialstress-responsive 1], recruits Cdc48/p97 and Npl4 to stressed mitochondria [15]. Under normal growth conditions the Vms1 complex resides in the cytosol. However, on treatment with mitochondri ...
The epidermal intermediate filament proteins of
... against 2 mM Tris-HCl, pH 9, 1 mM 2-mercaptoethanol and then for 18 h against 10 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.5, 1 mM in reducing agent. An aliquot was removed to monitor filament formation by electron microscopy. The following steps involved buffers without reducing agent and were performed at room temperatur ...
... against 2 mM Tris-HCl, pH 9, 1 mM 2-mercaptoethanol and then for 18 h against 10 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.5, 1 mM in reducing agent. An aliquot was removed to monitor filament formation by electron microscopy. The following steps involved buffers without reducing agent and were performed at room temperatur ...
The role of AMPK and CREB-1 in the regulation of mitochondrial
... chain complexes. We chose the AMP activated kinase (AMPK) and cyclic AMP-response element binding protein 1 (CREB-1) as promising candidates, which could control the process of mitochondrial proliferation. To analyze whether AMPK regulates the cytochrome c promoter, a cell line stably expressing a c ...
... chain complexes. We chose the AMP activated kinase (AMPK) and cyclic AMP-response element binding protein 1 (CREB-1) as promising candidates, which could control the process of mitochondrial proliferation. To analyze whether AMPK regulates the cytochrome c promoter, a cell line stably expressing a c ...
Two highly related regulatory subunits of PP2A exert opposite
... proteasomal pathway (Di Guglielmo et al., 2003). A balance between the two is thought to determine the amount of receptors that are present at the plasma membrane and thus competent for signalling. Lysosomal degradation of ALK4 and ALK5 also occurs and is promoted by the protein Dapper2 in zebrafish ...
... proteasomal pathway (Di Guglielmo et al., 2003). A balance between the two is thought to determine the amount of receptors that are present at the plasma membrane and thus competent for signalling. Lysosomal degradation of ALK4 and ALK5 also occurs and is promoted by the protein Dapper2 in zebrafish ...
REPRODUCTION
... (COCs; within red square) within antral follicles are characterised as having compact cumulus vestments and are arrested at prophase I (germinal vesicle stage, GV) of meiosis (B). Maturation occurs in response to gonadotrophin surges in vivo or release of the COC in vitro and is characterised by (C) ...
... (COCs; within red square) within antral follicles are characterised as having compact cumulus vestments and are arrested at prophase I (germinal vesicle stage, GV) of meiosis (B). Maturation occurs in response to gonadotrophin surges in vivo or release of the COC in vitro and is characterised by (C) ...
Regulation of Exogenous and Endogenous Glucose Metabolism by
... metabolic fuels to myocardial energy production (1). Glucose plays an important role in myocardial energy metabolism, providing ATP through both glycolysis and oxidation in the citric acid cycle. Numerous studies have demonstrated that the uptake of glucose by the heart is regulated by insulin. Furt ...
... metabolic fuels to myocardial energy production (1). Glucose plays an important role in myocardial energy metabolism, providing ATP through both glycolysis and oxidation in the citric acid cycle. Numerous studies have demonstrated that the uptake of glucose by the heart is regulated by insulin. Furt ...
Glucose-Regulated Anaplerosis and Cataplerosis in
... Rapid cell fractionation procedure. Rapid cell fractionation through oil to measure metabolites in the cytosolic and mitochondrial compartments has been carried out in isolated rat hepatocytes (28,29). We used the same protocol with suspensions of INS-1 cells. After the incubation periods, cells wer ...
... Rapid cell fractionation procedure. Rapid cell fractionation through oil to measure metabolites in the cytosolic and mitochondrial compartments has been carried out in isolated rat hepatocytes (28,29). We used the same protocol with suspensions of INS-1 cells. After the incubation periods, cells wer ...
Review Common Themes in Mechanisms of Gene Silencing
... and Bender, 1996). Moreover, it has recently been shown that in budding yeast silencing proteins and the general transcription machinery can cooccupy DNA at some promoters (Sekinger and Gross, 2001). Together, these findings suggest that silent chromatin is much more dynamic than previously thought. ...
... and Bender, 1996). Moreover, it has recently been shown that in budding yeast silencing proteins and the general transcription machinery can cooccupy DNA at some promoters (Sekinger and Gross, 2001). Together, these findings suggest that silent chromatin is much more dynamic than previously thought. ...
Glucose transporter gene expression in early mouse
... pair was derived from the human Glut-3 cDNA sequence studies. Procedures for superovulation and recovery of (Kayano et al. 1988). The 5' primer is identical to nucleotides oocytes and preimplantation embryos were as described by 1290 through 1319 (30-mer); the 3' primer is the reverse Giebelhaus et ...
... pair was derived from the human Glut-3 cDNA sequence studies. Procedures for superovulation and recovery of (Kayano et al. 1988). The 5' primer is identical to nucleotides oocytes and preimplantation embryos were as described by 1290 through 1319 (30-mer); the 3' primer is the reverse Giebelhaus et ...
The Ph1 Locus Suppresses Cdk2-Type Activity during Premeiosis
... one-half of the nuclear membrane before the start of replication (Figure 2A). Telomeres are observed to begin to cluster in images where dispersed replication is visible (Figures 2B and 2C) and are nearly fully clustered in images where only the late rye heterochromatin is being replicated. This sug ...
... one-half of the nuclear membrane before the start of replication (Figure 2A). Telomeres are observed to begin to cluster in images where dispersed replication is visible (Figures 2B and 2C) and are nearly fully clustered in images where only the late rye heterochromatin is being replicated. This sug ...
Dr. M. Alzaharna 2016 Dr. M. Alzaharna 2016
... • Reduced glutathione (G-SH), present in most cells, can chemically detoxify H2O2 (Figure 13.5B). • The cell regenerates G-SH in a reaction catalyzed by glutathione reductase, using NADPH as a source of reducing equivalents. • Thus, NADPH indirectly provides electrons for the reduction of H2O2 (Figu ...
... • Reduced glutathione (G-SH), present in most cells, can chemically detoxify H2O2 (Figure 13.5B). • The cell regenerates G-SH in a reaction catalyzed by glutathione reductase, using NADPH as a source of reducing equivalents. • Thus, NADPH indirectly provides electrons for the reduction of H2O2 (Figu ...
2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules
... • Proteins are polymers of amino acid monomers. – Twenty different amino acids are used to build proteins in organisms. – Amino acids differ in side groups, or R groups. – Amino acids are linked together through dehydration synthesis to form peptide bonds Amine group Carboxyl group ...
... • Proteins are polymers of amino acid monomers. – Twenty different amino acids are used to build proteins in organisms. – Amino acids differ in side groups, or R groups. – Amino acids are linked together through dehydration synthesis to form peptide bonds Amine group Carboxyl group ...
BIO121_Chapter 6
... As electrons travel through the transport chain, carrier molecules use the potential energy of the electrons to transport hydrogen ions into the intermembrane compartment. ...
... As electrons travel through the transport chain, carrier molecules use the potential energy of the electrons to transport hydrogen ions into the intermembrane compartment. ...
- The Pawson Lab
... The Eph family of receptor tyrosine kinases regulates numerous biological processes. To examine the biochemical and developmental contributions of specific structural motifs within Eph receptors, wild-type or mutant forms of the EphA4 receptor were ectopically expressed in developing Xenopus embryos ...
... The Eph family of receptor tyrosine kinases regulates numerous biological processes. To examine the biochemical and developmental contributions of specific structural motifs within Eph receptors, wild-type or mutant forms of the EphA4 receptor were ectopically expressed in developing Xenopus embryos ...
Cell-Free (In Vitro) Protein Expression
... Experimental Design – In Vitro Translation Assays using Cell-Free Expression System +/- 4E-BP1 ...
... Experimental Design – In Vitro Translation Assays using Cell-Free Expression System +/- 4E-BP1 ...
Network Regulation of the Escherichia coli Maltose System
... glucose-1-phosphate (Decker et al., 1993). Thus, gluconeogenesis had to play a role in the endogenous induction of the maltose system. 2. It had been noticed early on that some mutants defective in maltose transport showed elevated expression of malQ and malP genes (Hofnung et al., 1974). Later on, ...
... glucose-1-phosphate (Decker et al., 1993). Thus, gluconeogenesis had to play a role in the endogenous induction of the maltose system. 2. It had been noticed early on that some mutants defective in maltose transport showed elevated expression of malQ and malP genes (Hofnung et al., 1974). Later on, ...
Selenium incorporation using recombinant techniques
... measure the difference in mass between the peptides yielded from tryptic digests of unlabelled and labelled protein. Intact mass analysis is also sensitive enough to measure the difference in mass between labelled and unlabelled protein and can also give an idea as to the oxidation state of the sele ...
... measure the difference in mass between the peptides yielded from tryptic digests of unlabelled and labelled protein. Intact mass analysis is also sensitive enough to measure the difference in mass between labelled and unlabelled protein and can also give an idea as to the oxidation state of the sele ...
Post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in innate immunity
... A dynamic and coordinately regulated gene expression programme lies at the heart of the inflammatory process. This response endows the host with a first line of defence against infection and the capacity to repair and restore damaged tissues. However, unchecked, prolonged or inappropriately scaled i ...
... A dynamic and coordinately regulated gene expression programme lies at the heart of the inflammatory process. This response endows the host with a first line of defence against infection and the capacity to repair and restore damaged tissues. However, unchecked, prolonged or inappropriately scaled i ...
Universal strategies in research and drug discovery based on protein
... binding to specific proteins, may be distant in time and be obscured by extensive cross-talk between pathways. For instance, the inhibition of an enzyme in a biochemical pathway may trigger a whole series of parallel changes in several pathways, ultimately resulting in the initiation of a complex re ...
... binding to specific proteins, may be distant in time and be obscured by extensive cross-talk between pathways. For instance, the inhibition of an enzyme in a biochemical pathway may trigger a whole series of parallel changes in several pathways, ultimately resulting in the initiation of a complex re ...
Ch31-Gluconeogenesis and Maintenance of Blood Glucose Levels
... not form pyruvate for gluconeogenesis. Therefore, if acetyl CoA is to produce glucose, it must enter the TCA cycle and be converted to malate. For every two carbons of acetyl CoA that are converted to malate, two carbons are released as CO2: one in the reaction catalyzed by isocitrate dehydrogenase ...
... not form pyruvate for gluconeogenesis. Therefore, if acetyl CoA is to produce glucose, it must enter the TCA cycle and be converted to malate. For every two carbons of acetyl CoA that are converted to malate, two carbons are released as CO2: one in the reaction catalyzed by isocitrate dehydrogenase ...
how the ubiquitin–proteasome system controls transcription
... moiety, when profound regulatory changes can be achieved with phosphorylation, acetylation and methylation events? The received wisdom is that histone ubiquitylation is generally not associated with histone destruction, although several studies have indicated that histone metabolism is highly dynami ...
... moiety, when profound regulatory changes can be achieved with phosphorylation, acetylation and methylation events? The received wisdom is that histone ubiquitylation is generally not associated with histone destruction, although several studies have indicated that histone metabolism is highly dynami ...
Role for Adenosine Triphosphate in Regulating the Assembly and
... was quantitatively recovered in a 4S peak, and in acidic gradients in an 8S peak. When the pH dependence of the shift in sedimentation was determined, it was found to be only slightly different from the pH dependence of fusion activity (Fig. 2). This suggested that the 8S form appeared as a conseque ...
... was quantitatively recovered in a 4S peak, and in acidic gradients in an 8S peak. When the pH dependence of the shift in sedimentation was determined, it was found to be only slightly different from the pH dependence of fusion activity (Fig. 2). This suggested that the 8S form appeared as a conseque ...
Engineering Tyrosine-Based Electron Flow Pathways in Proteins
... radical location on the basis of EPR hyperfine structure. Mutation to tyrosine decreases the lipid peroxidase activity of this myoglobin in the presence of low concentrations of reductant, and the possibility of decreasing the intrinsic toxicity of hemoglobin by introduction of these pathways is disc ...
... radical location on the basis of EPR hyperfine structure. Mutation to tyrosine decreases the lipid peroxidase activity of this myoglobin in the presence of low concentrations of reductant, and the possibility of decreasing the intrinsic toxicity of hemoglobin by introduction of these pathways is disc ...
Phosphorylation
Phosphorylation is the addition of a phosphate (PO43−) group to a protein or other organic molecule. Phosphorylation and its counterpart, dephosphorylation, turn many protein enzymes on and off, thereby altering their function and activity. Protein phosphorylation is one type of post-translational modification.Protein phosphorylation in particular plays a significant role in a wide range of cellular processes. Its prominent role in biochemistry is the subject of a very large body of research (as of March 2015, the Medline database returns over 240,000 articles on the subject, largely on protein phosphorylation).