Thermostability of the human respiratory syncytial virus fusion
... for membrane fusion resides in the F protein. We reported previously that purified HRSV F protein formed rosettes of rods with two different shapes, cones and lollipops (Calder et al., 2000). The rosettes were formed by aggregation of individual rods through their transmembrane regions. A membrane-a ...
... for membrane fusion resides in the F protein. We reported previously that purified HRSV F protein formed rosettes of rods with two different shapes, cones and lollipops (Calder et al., 2000). The rosettes were formed by aggregation of individual rods through their transmembrane regions. A membrane-a ...
Implications for Cancer Biology
... Thr421, and Thr424), the latter eight of which are responsive to serum (Grammer et al., 1996; Volarevic and Thomas, 2001). The role for PI3K in mediating signals from insulin to these effectors became evident from a combination of biochemical and chemical genetic experiments. Engagement of insulin r ...
... Thr421, and Thr424), the latter eight of which are responsive to serum (Grammer et al., 1996; Volarevic and Thomas, 2001). The role for PI3K in mediating signals from insulin to these effectors became evident from a combination of biochemical and chemical genetic experiments. Engagement of insulin r ...
Two dileucine motifs mediate late endosomal/lysosomal targeting of
... Generally two major classes of motifs can be distinguished: tyrosine-based and dileucine-based sorting signals. Tyrosinebased motifs for sorting of lysosomal proteins follow the ...
... Generally two major classes of motifs can be distinguished: tyrosine-based and dileucine-based sorting signals. Tyrosinebased motifs for sorting of lysosomal proteins follow the ...
Cellular Pathways that Harvest Chemical Energy
... In Chapter 6, we described the role of coenzymes, small molecules that assist in enzyme-catalyzed reactions. ADP acts as a coenzyme when it picks up energy released in an exergonic reaction and uses it to make ATP (an endergonic reaction). In a similar fashion, the coenzyme NAD (nicotinamide adenine ...
... In Chapter 6, we described the role of coenzymes, small molecules that assist in enzyme-catalyzed reactions. ADP acts as a coenzyme when it picks up energy released in an exergonic reaction and uses it to make ATP (an endergonic reaction). In a similar fashion, the coenzyme NAD (nicotinamide adenine ...
The metabolism of glucose by Pseudomonas aeruginosa
... Bacteria, because of the ease with which they may be grown, offer particular promise for the study of these newer metabolic pathways, Hhe research problems in this field involve mainly a study of the breakdown of hexoses by an oxidative mechanism either with or without the involvement of phosphate. ...
... Bacteria, because of the ease with which they may be grown, offer particular promise for the study of these newer metabolic pathways, Hhe research problems in this field involve mainly a study of the breakdown of hexoses by an oxidative mechanism either with or without the involvement of phosphate. ...
Pharmaceutical Faculty 3- d course Module 1 General principles of
... Its hydrolysis provides an input of free energy for exergonic reactions. B. Its terminal phosphate group contains a strong covalent bond that when hydrolyzed releases free energy. C. A and B only D. A, B and C E. It provides energy coupling between exergonic and endergonic reactions. ANSWER: E ...
... Its hydrolysis provides an input of free energy for exergonic reactions. B. Its terminal phosphate group contains a strong covalent bond that when hydrolyzed releases free energy. C. A and B only D. A, B and C E. It provides energy coupling between exergonic and endergonic reactions. ANSWER: E ...
The blood sugar concentration or blood glucose
... pyruvate and lactate by the Embden Meyerhof pathway. The relative proportion of pyruvate and lactate depends on the degree of oxygen supply incomplete anaerobic environment only, thus only lactate formation takes place. The pyruvate formed is oxidized to carbon dioxide and water if adequate oxygen i ...
... pyruvate and lactate by the Embden Meyerhof pathway. The relative proportion of pyruvate and lactate depends on the degree of oxygen supply incomplete anaerobic environment only, thus only lactate formation takes place. The pyruvate formed is oxidized to carbon dioxide and water if adequate oxygen i ...
Structure of saccharides
... The challenges listed above, which do not even include supramolecular considerations, show that the structural analysis of polysaccharides as well as of complex oligosaccharides, can be a complex and demanding task. Mass spectrometry can provide much information regarding sequence analysis and the i ...
... The challenges listed above, which do not even include supramolecular considerations, show that the structural analysis of polysaccharides as well as of complex oligosaccharides, can be a complex and demanding task. Mass spectrometry can provide much information regarding sequence analysis and the i ...
Hypoglycemia-Activated GLUT2 Neurons of the Nucleus Tractus
... of the nucleus tractus solitarius link hypoglycemia detection to counterregulatory response. These results may help identify the cause of hypoglycemiaassociated autonomic failure, a major threat in the insulin treatment of diabetes. ...
... of the nucleus tractus solitarius link hypoglycemia detection to counterregulatory response. These results may help identify the cause of hypoglycemiaassociated autonomic failure, a major threat in the insulin treatment of diabetes. ...
PDF 51 - The Open University
... inappropriate proliferation, as may be the case in tumour cells. (iii) Endocrine signalling (Figure 3b (iii)) is a kind of signalling in which signals are transmitted over larger distances, for example from one organ, such as the brain, to another, such as the adrenal gland. For long-distance signal ...
... inappropriate proliferation, as may be the case in tumour cells. (iii) Endocrine signalling (Figure 3b (iii)) is a kind of signalling in which signals are transmitted over larger distances, for example from one organ, such as the brain, to another, such as the adrenal gland. For long-distance signal ...
Microbial Metabolism Lecture 4
... speeding up the reaction, we lower the activation energy. So if you think about it, A plus B to AB. If this takes a long time to generate that product AB, remember, all reactions are not 100% efficient; you’re gonna generate heat, and you’re gonna be generating heat through this process. But if I ca ...
... speeding up the reaction, we lower the activation energy. So if you think about it, A plus B to AB. If this takes a long time to generate that product AB, remember, all reactions are not 100% efficient; you’re gonna generate heat, and you’re gonna be generating heat through this process. But if I ca ...
Short-term regulation of the mammalian pyruvate dehydrogenase
... For a long time it has been suggested that mammalian PDHC loses TDP almost completely during isolation, because the measured PDHC activity was usually very low in the absence of added TDP (Walsh et al., 1976; Sumegi & Alkonyi, 1983). The measurements were based on the initial rate of the reaction ca ...
... For a long time it has been suggested that mammalian PDHC loses TDP almost completely during isolation, because the measured PDHC activity was usually very low in the absence of added TDP (Walsh et al., 1976; Sumegi & Alkonyi, 1983). The measurements were based on the initial rate of the reaction ca ...
Gluconeogenesis differs in developing chick embryos derived from
... derivative before separation by GC (HP-5ms, 30 m × 0.25 mm × 0.25 µm, Agilent Technologies) and selected ion monitoring with MS under electron ionization conditions. The following ions of m/z were monitored: alanine 260, 263; glycine 246, 248; valine 288, 293; leucine 302, 308; isoleucine 302, 308; ...
... derivative before separation by GC (HP-5ms, 30 m × 0.25 mm × 0.25 µm, Agilent Technologies) and selected ion monitoring with MS under electron ionization conditions. The following ions of m/z were monitored: alanine 260, 263; glycine 246, 248; valine 288, 293; leucine 302, 308; isoleucine 302, 308; ...
Capturing protein interactions in the secretory pathway of living cells
... processes involve numerous ER resident proteins that are believed to operate as a quality control machinery that surveys correct folding in the ER (1, 2). After acquisition of transport competence, the secretory proteins exit the ER by a receptormediated mechanism (3, 4) or by bulk flow. The interac ...
... processes involve numerous ER resident proteins that are believed to operate as a quality control machinery that surveys correct folding in the ER (1, 2). After acquisition of transport competence, the secretory proteins exit the ER by a receptormediated mechanism (3, 4) or by bulk flow. The interac ...
10.25-11.3.11 Glycolysis
... •Cells are far away from equilibrium and far away from standard state conditions. We have much more ATP than would be dictated by equilibrium; the ratio of ATP to ADP+Pi in some cells is as high as 200/1 rather than 1/200,000. •This means that a cell can be far from equilibrium w.r. to this ratio, a ...
... •Cells are far away from equilibrium and far away from standard state conditions. We have much more ATP than would be dictated by equilibrium; the ratio of ATP to ADP+Pi in some cells is as high as 200/1 rather than 1/200,000. •This means that a cell can be far from equilibrium w.r. to this ratio, a ...
occasional article intracellular protein degradation: from a vague
... effect was observed on the degradation of long-lived cellular proteins, and almost no effect was observed on the degradation of short-lived and abnormal/mutated proteins. Finally, the thermodynamically paradoxical observation that the degradation of cellular proteins requires metabolic energy, and m ...
... effect was observed on the degradation of long-lived cellular proteins, and almost no effect was observed on the degradation of short-lived and abnormal/mutated proteins. Finally, the thermodynamically paradoxical observation that the degradation of cellular proteins requires metabolic energy, and m ...
Pentose P Path
... committed step of the Pentose Phosphate Pathway. This enzyme is regulated by availability of the substrate NADP+. As NADPH is utilized in reductive synthetic pathways, the increasing concentration of NADP+ stimulates the Pentose Phosphate Pathway, to ...
... committed step of the Pentose Phosphate Pathway. This enzyme is regulated by availability of the substrate NADP+. As NADPH is utilized in reductive synthetic pathways, the increasing concentration of NADP+ stimulates the Pentose Phosphate Pathway, to ...
Chapter 1 Literature Review
... sensitivity was associated with an increase in total IgE and conversion of Phadiotop status to positive (Calverley et al, 1997). In another study it was found that workers with work-related symptoms, as compared to other workers, had significantly more positive skin-prick test responses and higher t ...
... sensitivity was associated with an increase in total IgE and conversion of Phadiotop status to positive (Calverley et al, 1997). In another study it was found that workers with work-related symptoms, as compared to other workers, had significantly more positive skin-prick test responses and higher t ...
The plastid division proteins, FtsZ1 and FtsZ2, differ in their
... with the biological activities of bacterial FtsZ [19,20]. In the absence of IPTG, the proteins were not expressed, as shown by Western blot with anti-histidine antibodies (Figure 1A). The growth rate (Figure 1B) and cell morphology of bacteria harbouring PQE-FtsZ1 (Figure 1C) and PQE-FtsZ2 (results ...
... with the biological activities of bacterial FtsZ [19,20]. In the absence of IPTG, the proteins were not expressed, as shown by Western blot with anti-histidine antibodies (Figure 1A). The growth rate (Figure 1B) and cell morphology of bacteria harbouring PQE-FtsZ1 (Figure 1C) and PQE-FtsZ2 (results ...
Chapter 9
... 1) The ETC and ATP synthase work together, but not 100% in synchronicity So there isn’t an exact correlation between NADH (or FADH) and ATP production 1 NADH synthesizes 2.5 – 3.3 ATP 1 FADH synthesizes 1.5 – 2 ATP ...
... 1) The ETC and ATP synthase work together, but not 100% in synchronicity So there isn’t an exact correlation between NADH (or FADH) and ATP production 1 NADH synthesizes 2.5 – 3.3 ATP 1 FADH synthesizes 1.5 – 2 ATP ...
Metabolism
... smaller polysaccharides (dextrins), maltose, and some glucose. • In the small intestine, pancreatic amylase hydrolyzes dextrins to maltose and glucose. • The disaccharides maltose, lactose, and sucrose are hydrolyzed to monosaccharides. • The monosaccharides enter the bloodstream for transport to th ...
... smaller polysaccharides (dextrins), maltose, and some glucose. • In the small intestine, pancreatic amylase hydrolyzes dextrins to maltose and glucose. • The disaccharides maltose, lactose, and sucrose are hydrolyzed to monosaccharides. • The monosaccharides enter the bloodstream for transport to th ...
Broder et al Curr biol 98
... Yehoshua C. Broder*, Sigal Katz* and Ami Aronheim The yeast two-hybrid system represents one of the most efficient approaches currently available for identifying and characterizing protein–protein interactions [1–4]. Although very powerful, this procedure exhibits several problems and inherent limit ...
... Yehoshua C. Broder*, Sigal Katz* and Ami Aronheim The yeast two-hybrid system represents one of the most efficient approaches currently available for identifying and characterizing protein–protein interactions [1–4]. Although very powerful, this procedure exhibits several problems and inherent limit ...
Protein S deficiency
... a membrane composition which has little, if any, effect on the procoagulant reactions. PE and oxidation increase the binding of many antiphospholipid antibodies and the ability of at least some of them to inhibit the APCprotein S complex specifically. IgG purified from several antiphospholipid syndr ...
... a membrane composition which has little, if any, effect on the procoagulant reactions. PE and oxidation increase the binding of many antiphospholipid antibodies and the ability of at least some of them to inhibit the APCprotein S complex specifically. IgG purified from several antiphospholipid syndr ...
C-terminal EH-domain-containing proteins
... that have an EH domain can carry out a variety of crucial cellular functions ranging from regulation of the actin cytoskeleton, signal transduction and transcriptional regulation to control of the endocytic pathway. EH domains bind to proteins that contain the tripeptide asparagineproline-phenylalan ...
... that have an EH domain can carry out a variety of crucial cellular functions ranging from regulation of the actin cytoskeleton, signal transduction and transcriptional regulation to control of the endocytic pathway. EH domains bind to proteins that contain the tripeptide asparagineproline-phenylalan ...
Investigation of the interactions between MreB, the
... allosteric communication, also differs from GroEL. Furthermore, TRiC is larger than GroEL with a broader opening of the chaperonin chamber. (5) Despite these differences, TRiC and GroEL are in many ways similar. As mentioned in the introduction to this report, studies on actin by Villebeck et al. (5 ...
... allosteric communication, also differs from GroEL. Furthermore, TRiC is larger than GroEL with a broader opening of the chaperonin chamber. (5) Despite these differences, TRiC and GroEL are in many ways similar. As mentioned in the introduction to this report, studies on actin by Villebeck et al. (5 ...
Phosphorylation
Phosphorylation is the addition of a phosphate (PO43−) group to a protein or other organic molecule. Phosphorylation and its counterpart, dephosphorylation, turn many protein enzymes on and off, thereby altering their function and activity. Protein phosphorylation is one type of post-translational modification.Protein phosphorylation in particular plays a significant role in a wide range of cellular processes. Its prominent role in biochemistry is the subject of a very large body of research (as of March 2015, the Medline database returns over 240,000 articles on the subject, largely on protein phosphorylation).