Investigation of the interactions between MreB, the
... allosteric communication, also differs from GroEL. Furthermore, TRiC is larger than GroEL with a broader opening of the chaperonin chamber. (5) Despite these differences, TRiC and GroEL are in many ways similar. As mentioned in the introduction to this report, studies on actin by Villebeck et al. (5 ...
... allosteric communication, also differs from GroEL. Furthermore, TRiC is larger than GroEL with a broader opening of the chaperonin chamber. (5) Despite these differences, TRiC and GroEL are in many ways similar. As mentioned in the introduction to this report, studies on actin by Villebeck et al. (5 ...
Regulation of E. coli Glycogen Phosphorylase Activity by HPr
... glucose-specific transporter EIIBCglc is encoded by the ptsG gene. Expression of these genes is under dual regulation, i.e., activation by the cAMP-CRP complex and repression by Mlc (Plumbridge, 1998 and 1999; Kim et al., 1999). Glucose uptake requires sequential phosphoryl transfer from four PTS pr ...
... glucose-specific transporter EIIBCglc is encoded by the ptsG gene. Expression of these genes is under dual regulation, i.e., activation by the cAMP-CRP complex and repression by Mlc (Plumbridge, 1998 and 1999; Kim et al., 1999). Glucose uptake requires sequential phosphoryl transfer from four PTS pr ...
29. protein targeting and degradation
... Proteins which are to be exported out of the cell are synthesized by ribosomes, associated with the ER. The genetic information from DNA is transferred via RNA. This information determines how the amino acids build up the proteins. First, a signal peptide is formed as a part of the protein. With the ...
... Proteins which are to be exported out of the cell are synthesized by ribosomes, associated with the ER. The genetic information from DNA is transferred via RNA. This information determines how the amino acids build up the proteins. First, a signal peptide is formed as a part of the protein. With the ...
The structural basis of substrate translocation by the
... residues in the protein sequence, it was found that each of them could be replaced with a cysteine or a lysine without loss of function, except for Arg46 and Arg275 [33]. These two arginines were therefore proposed to lie at the substrate-binding site [33]. On the cytoplasmic side of residue Arg275, ...
... residues in the protein sequence, it was found that each of them could be replaced with a cysteine or a lysine without loss of function, except for Arg46 and Arg275 [33]. These two arginines were therefore proposed to lie at the substrate-binding site [33]. On the cytoplasmic side of residue Arg275, ...
The TACC proteins: TACC-ling microtubule dynamics and
... dynamic nature of the cytoskeletal components. Microtubules are dynamic filaments with fundamental roles in eukaryotic cell organization and function. During cell division, they form the bipolar spindle, which segregates the chromosomes into the two daughter cells. Microtubules show prolonged states ...
... dynamic nature of the cytoskeletal components. Microtubules are dynamic filaments with fundamental roles in eukaryotic cell organization and function. During cell division, they form the bipolar spindle, which segregates the chromosomes into the two daughter cells. Microtubules show prolonged states ...
Myosin binding proteins - Journal of Cell Science
... One of the best characterized properties of the MyBPs is their relatively strong affinity for myosin (Offer et al., 1973; Moos et al., 1975; Yamamoto, 1984). Using an in vitro binding assay it has been shown that the principle myosin binding domain of MyBP-C resides within the C-terminal IgC2 motif, ...
... One of the best characterized properties of the MyBPs is their relatively strong affinity for myosin (Offer et al., 1973; Moos et al., 1975; Yamamoto, 1984). Using an in vitro binding assay it has been shown that the principle myosin binding domain of MyBP-C resides within the C-terminal IgC2 motif, ...
Review Recycling the Cell Cycle: Cyclins Revisited
... The importance of cyclins depends on your point of view. If you’re a eukaryote they are indispensable, but if you’re a prokaryote they do not exist. Remarkably, sequence gazing suggests that Cdks appeared after other protein kinases that regulate aspects of the cell cycle (Krylov et al., 2003), even ...
... The importance of cyclins depends on your point of view. If you’re a eukaryote they are indispensable, but if you’re a prokaryote they do not exist. Remarkably, sequence gazing suggests that Cdks appeared after other protein kinases that regulate aspects of the cell cycle (Krylov et al., 2003), even ...
Glycolytic strategy as a tradeoff between energy yield and protein cost
... ranging from zero to three ATP molecules in most cases (7). The EMP and ED pathways (Fig. 1 A and B and Fig. S1) are the most common bacterial glycolytic pathways (2, 4, 9), and their general schemes are quite similar: glucose is phosphorylated and then cleaved into two three-carbon units, which are ...
... ranging from zero to three ATP molecules in most cases (7). The EMP and ED pathways (Fig. 1 A and B and Fig. S1) are the most common bacterial glycolytic pathways (2, 4, 9), and their general schemes are quite similar: glucose is phosphorylated and then cleaved into two three-carbon units, which are ...
Retinoblastoma Protein Contains a C-terminal - Bio
... Received 30 June 1998/Returned for modification 22 July 1998/Accepted 4 November 1998 ...
... Received 30 June 1998/Returned for modification 22 July 1998/Accepted 4 November 1998 ...
Proteomic analyses of the time course responses of mice infected
... Brucellosis is a major zoonotic disease caused by pathogens of the genus Brucella. The eradication of brucellosis in domestic animals, associated with the prevention of human infection, can be attained through accurate diagnosis. However, the conventional serological diagnosis of brucellosis has lim ...
... Brucellosis is a major zoonotic disease caused by pathogens of the genus Brucella. The eradication of brucellosis in domestic animals, associated with the prevention of human infection, can be attained through accurate diagnosis. However, the conventional serological diagnosis of brucellosis has lim ...
Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase: a tunnel runs through it Hazel M
... *tDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, W153706, USA *e-mail: holden @enzyrne,wisc.edu re-mail: [email protected] $Department of Chemistry, and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; e-maih [email protected] ...
... *tDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, W153706, USA *e-mail: holden @enzyrne,wisc.edu re-mail: [email protected] $Department of Chemistry, and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; e-maih [email protected] ...
Oxidized LDL-Containing Immune Complexes Induce Fc Gamma
... Abstract—Our previous studies have shown that Fc gamma receptor (FcgR)-mediated uptake of LDL-containing immune complexes (oxLDL-ICs) by human monocyte-derived macrophages leads to not only transformation of macrophages into foam cells but also macrophage activation and release of cytokines. It has ...
... Abstract—Our previous studies have shown that Fc gamma receptor (FcgR)-mediated uptake of LDL-containing immune complexes (oxLDL-ICs) by human monocyte-derived macrophages leads to not only transformation of macrophages into foam cells but also macrophage activation and release of cytokines. It has ...
Liver glucose metabolism in humans
... Fructose taken up by hepatocytes may be converted into either fructose 6-phosphate by hexokinase isoenzymes or fructose 1phosphate by fructokinase [16]. The two initial products of hepatic fructose metabolism have opposite effects on the glucokinase regulatory protein. Glucokinase activators have be ...
... Fructose taken up by hepatocytes may be converted into either fructose 6-phosphate by hexokinase isoenzymes or fructose 1phosphate by fructokinase [16]. The two initial products of hepatic fructose metabolism have opposite effects on the glucokinase regulatory protein. Glucokinase activators have be ...
PDF
... Glucagon is a pancreatic polypeptide hormone composed of 29 amino acids with molecular weight of 3,500 and is secreted from the α-cells of pancreas. Glucagon acts in regulating metabolism and stimulating glucose output, which is achieved by acceleration of hepatic glucose output by glycogenolysis an ...
... Glucagon is a pancreatic polypeptide hormone composed of 29 amino acids with molecular weight of 3,500 and is secreted from the α-cells of pancreas. Glucagon acts in regulating metabolism and stimulating glucose output, which is achieved by acceleration of hepatic glucose output by glycogenolysis an ...
AMP-activated protein kinase regulation of fatty acid oxidation in the
... is an important modulator of fatty acid metabolism in the myocardium by accelerating fatty acid oxidation when ATP is low, and decreasing fatty acid oxidation when ATP supply is high. The modulation of fatty acid metabolism occurs by potential phosphorylation of two key enzymes involved in the contr ...
... is an important modulator of fatty acid metabolism in the myocardium by accelerating fatty acid oxidation when ATP is low, and decreasing fatty acid oxidation when ATP supply is high. The modulation of fatty acid metabolism occurs by potential phosphorylation of two key enzymes involved in the contr ...
Effects of Oxygen Supply and Mixed Sugar Concentration on D
... riboflavin production. To investigate the effects of oxygen supply and mixed sugar concentration on microbial production of D-ribose, a transketolase-deficient Bacillus subtilis SPK1 was cultured batch-wise using xylose and glucose. A change of agitation speed from 300 rpm to 600 rpm at 1 vvm of air ...
... riboflavin production. To investigate the effects of oxygen supply and mixed sugar concentration on microbial production of D-ribose, a transketolase-deficient Bacillus subtilis SPK1 was cultured batch-wise using xylose and glucose. A change of agitation speed from 300 rpm to 600 rpm at 1 vvm of air ...
Structure and assembly of the spliceosomal small nuclear
... snRNAs, that undergoes an extensive rearrangement during the course of the splicing reaction. In the spliceosome, the extensive base pairing between the U4 and U6 snRNAs is unwound and the U6 snRNA subsequently base pairs with both U2 snRNA and the 5′ splice site [1–4,6]. A highly conserved loop in ...
... snRNAs, that undergoes an extensive rearrangement during the course of the splicing reaction. In the spliceosome, the extensive base pairing between the U4 and U6 snRNAs is unwound and the U6 snRNA subsequently base pairs with both U2 snRNA and the 5′ splice site [1–4,6]. A highly conserved loop in ...
Regulation of metabolism by dietary carbohydrates in two lines of
... Previous studies in two rainbow trout lines divergently selected for lean (L) or fat (F) muscle suggested that they differ in their ability to metabolise glucose. In this context, we investigated whether genetic selection for high muscle fat content led to a better capacity to metabolise dietary car ...
... Previous studies in two rainbow trout lines divergently selected for lean (L) or fat (F) muscle suggested that they differ in their ability to metabolise glucose. In this context, we investigated whether genetic selection for high muscle fat content led to a better capacity to metabolise dietary car ...
Auxin Action in a Cell
... Auxin treatment of Arabidopsis seedlings stimulates binding of Aux/IAA proteins by SCFTIR1 [2]. To further investigate this response, we tested the effects of auxin added directly to protein extracts prepared from seedlings expressing c-myc-tagged TIR1 (TIR1-myc). A glutathionine-S-transferase fusio ...
... Auxin treatment of Arabidopsis seedlings stimulates binding of Aux/IAA proteins by SCFTIR1 [2]. To further investigate this response, we tested the effects of auxin added directly to protein extracts prepared from seedlings expressing c-myc-tagged TIR1 (TIR1-myc). A glutathionine-S-transferase fusio ...
Tubular reabsorption
... K+, H+, urea, ammonia, creatinine and certain drugs Secretion of H+ helps maintain blood pH (can also reabsorb bicarb and generate new bicarb) ...
... K+, H+, urea, ammonia, creatinine and certain drugs Secretion of H+ helps maintain blood pH (can also reabsorb bicarb and generate new bicarb) ...
Chapter 5
... For many cells, the lactate is a waste product and excreted. In fact, this is the case with most muscles: the lactate is carried by the blood from the muscle cells to the liver, where it can be converted to glucose. Thus, although lactate is formed at high rates when muscles are overworked and becom ...
... For many cells, the lactate is a waste product and excreted. In fact, this is the case with most muscles: the lactate is carried by the blood from the muscle cells to the liver, where it can be converted to glucose. Thus, although lactate is formed at high rates when muscles are overworked and becom ...
Biochemical Origins of Alzheimer`s Disease With Treatment
... was found to decrease plasma levels of A however; it was unable to lower cerebrospinal fluid levels19. While this drug was found to be partially effective and well tolerated, LY-450139 lacked the desired specificity for the cleavage of APP and dosages had to be kept low because of the detrimental ...
... was found to decrease plasma levels of A however; it was unable to lower cerebrospinal fluid levels19. While this drug was found to be partially effective and well tolerated, LY-450139 lacked the desired specificity for the cleavage of APP and dosages had to be kept low because of the detrimental ...
npgrj_nchembio_91 405..407 - The Scripps Research Institute
... to alanine, and the probe reactivity profiles of mutant enzymes were compared to that of wild-type (WT) ALDH-1 following transient transfection in COS-7 cells. Consistent with previous studies9, the SE probe was found to label both WT and C303A mutant ALDH-1 but not the E269A mutant (Fig. 2a). Notab ...
... to alanine, and the probe reactivity profiles of mutant enzymes were compared to that of wild-type (WT) ALDH-1 following transient transfection in COS-7 cells. Consistent with previous studies9, the SE probe was found to label both WT and C303A mutant ALDH-1 but not the E269A mutant (Fig. 2a). Notab ...
Response of glucose metabolism enzymes in an acute porphyria
... Acute hepatic porphyrias are human metabolic diseases characterized by the accumulation of heme precursors, such as 5aminolevulinic acid (ALA). The administration of glucose can prevent the symptomatology of these diseases. The aim of this work was to study the relationship between glucose metabolis ...
... Acute hepatic porphyrias are human metabolic diseases characterized by the accumulation of heme precursors, such as 5aminolevulinic acid (ALA). The administration of glucose can prevent the symptomatology of these diseases. The aim of this work was to study the relationship between glucose metabolis ...
ATP
... The energy is stored in the molecule as a whole, although the breaking of the bonds initiates its release AMP & ADP may be reconverted to ATP by adding phosphate group(s) through the process called phosphorylation, e.g. ...
... The energy is stored in the molecule as a whole, although the breaking of the bonds initiates its release AMP & ADP may be reconverted to ATP by adding phosphate group(s) through the process called phosphorylation, e.g. ...
Phosphorylation
Phosphorylation is the addition of a phosphate (PO43−) group to a protein or other organic molecule. Phosphorylation and its counterpart, dephosphorylation, turn many protein enzymes on and off, thereby altering their function and activity. Protein phosphorylation is one type of post-translational modification.Protein phosphorylation in particular plays a significant role in a wide range of cellular processes. Its prominent role in biochemistry is the subject of a very large body of research (as of March 2015, the Medline database returns over 240,000 articles on the subject, largely on protein phosphorylation).