Primer on Hydrofluorocarbons
... from CO2 reductions In addition to the direct climate benefits from HFC mitigation, a global HFC phasedown will catalyze additional climate benefits through improvements in the energy efficiency of the refrigerators, air conditioners, and other products and equipment that use HFC refrigerants. (Comp ...
... from CO2 reductions In addition to the direct climate benefits from HFC mitigation, a global HFC phasedown will catalyze additional climate benefits through improvements in the energy efficiency of the refrigerators, air conditioners, and other products and equipment that use HFC refrigerants. (Comp ...
Climate Change: Mastering the Public Health Role
... sulphate aerosols, do the opposite. Greenhouse gases trap heat in the atmosphere and warm the Earth. Without this effect, temperatures would plunge and render the planet uninhabitable. While some greenhouse gases occur naturally, human activities are amplifying the natural greenhouse effect and impa ...
... sulphate aerosols, do the opposite. Greenhouse gases trap heat in the atmosphere and warm the Earth. Without this effect, temperatures would plunge and render the planet uninhabitable. While some greenhouse gases occur naturally, human activities are amplifying the natural greenhouse effect and impa ...
The leading variability mode of the coupled troposphere
... the variability in the strength of the stratospheric polar vortex. As a result, at the 50-hPa pressure level, the long-term winter mean temperature at the North Pole amounts to 78C, which is 9 K colder than observed ( 69C), and the long-time mean west wind at 60N is 9 m/s stronger than observed. ...
... the variability in the strength of the stratospheric polar vortex. As a result, at the 50-hPa pressure level, the long-term winter mean temperature at the North Pole amounts to 78C, which is 9 K colder than observed ( 69C), and the long-time mean west wind at 60N is 9 m/s stronger than observed. ...
The Economic Cost of Climate Change in Africa
... Below is a short introduction to this report’s main findings and recommendations. ...
... Below is a short introduction to this report’s main findings and recommendations. ...
fair shares: a civil society equity review of indcs report
... cooperation is indispensable in solving significant commons problems. Climate change, of course, is one of the largest and most difficult commons problems that humanity has ever faced, and it will not be solved without durable and robust cooperation. This robust cooperation is urgently needed. Clima ...
... cooperation is indispensable in solving significant commons problems. Climate change, of course, is one of the largest and most difficult commons problems that humanity has ever faced, and it will not be solved without durable and robust cooperation. This robust cooperation is urgently needed. Clima ...
3/97 - Population Health Sciences
... Journal of Human and Ecological Risk Assessment Journal of Travel Medicine Bulletin of the World Health Organization American Journal of Industrial Medicine International Journal of Environmental Health Research Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment Annual Reviews of Energy & Environment Clinical ...
... Journal of Human and Ecological Risk Assessment Journal of Travel Medicine Bulletin of the World Health Organization American Journal of Industrial Medicine International Journal of Environmental Health Research Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment Annual Reviews of Energy & Environment Clinical ...
Global Environmental Change: The Threat to Human Health
... change dismantles these central elements of healthy societies, people with fewer resources will be forced to migrate in large numbers to lands where they may not be welcome. A likely result of all of these processes will be increased civic instability and strife. Even if the global climate were stab ...
... change dismantles these central elements of healthy societies, people with fewer resources will be forced to migrate in large numbers to lands where they may not be welcome. A likely result of all of these processes will be increased civic instability and strife. Even if the global climate were stab ...
Satellite-based assessment of climate controls on
... activity and the potential options for mitigation and adaptation. Here, we conducted the first national assessment of climate controls on US fire activity using two satellite-based estimates of monthly burned area (BA), the Global Fire Emissions Database (GFED, 1997–2010) and Monitoring Trends in Bu ...
... activity and the potential options for mitigation and adaptation. Here, we conducted the first national assessment of climate controls on US fire activity using two satellite-based estimates of monthly burned area (BA), the Global Fire Emissions Database (GFED, 1997–2010) and Monitoring Trends in Bu ...
PDF
... yield variability owing to weather conditions is an important source of production risk. Crop yield variability can result in the fluctuation of crop production, instability of crop price, and in turn a larger market risk. Government farm policies and risk managements are closely related to unstable ...
... yield variability owing to weather conditions is an important source of production risk. Crop yield variability can result in the fluctuation of crop production, instability of crop price, and in turn a larger market risk. Government farm policies and risk managements are closely related to unstable ...
In The Greenhouse
... the art addiction treatment center located in the dallas area greenhouse treatment center is a carf accredited treatment center, anything for your greenhouse greenhouse megastore - in addition to greenhouse kits and structures we have all the greenhouse supplies equipment and plastic coverings you m ...
... the art addiction treatment center located in the dallas area greenhouse treatment center is a carf accredited treatment center, anything for your greenhouse greenhouse megastore - in addition to greenhouse kits and structures we have all the greenhouse supplies equipment and plastic coverings you m ...
PDF
... within their exclusive economic zones in 45 years, while some countries (e.g. Norway and Iceland) will see an increase. This is due to fish moving away from warmer waters and ice melt opening up new areas. Temperate countries do not see as extreme a decline in catch potential as, although species ar ...
... within their exclusive economic zones in 45 years, while some countries (e.g. Norway and Iceland) will see an increase. This is due to fish moving away from warmer waters and ice melt opening up new areas. Temperate countries do not see as extreme a decline in catch potential as, although species ar ...
Chapter 12. Human Security - Center for International Earth Science
... Box 12-2. The Nature of Evidence about Climate Change and Human Security Understanding the effects of climate change on human security requires evidence about social and environmental processes across multiple scales and sectors. This process-based analysis is informed by a wide array of theories, m ...
... Box 12-2. The Nature of Evidence about Climate Change and Human Security Understanding the effects of climate change on human security requires evidence about social and environmental processes across multiple scales and sectors. This process-based analysis is informed by a wide array of theories, m ...
What happens in the arctic doesn`t stay in the arctic
... species, and allowing unwanted ‘alien’ species to move northwards. As well as these ‘local’ changes that will impact directly on Arctic biodiversity and livelihoods, there will be more ‘remote’ effects in other global areas. Climate change is known to be affecting weather, and ecosystems, within the ...
... species, and allowing unwanted ‘alien’ species to move northwards. As well as these ‘local’ changes that will impact directly on Arctic biodiversity and livelihoods, there will be more ‘remote’ effects in other global areas. Climate change is known to be affecting weather, and ecosystems, within the ...
S T A ?
... inundation, erosion, storm surge, and more intense storms.9 For other communities, climate change may take the form of heatwaves, drought and increased wildfires, shifting snowpack melt, floods, and drastic ecosystem changes.10 Some communities may even experience beneficial impacts from climate cha ...
... inundation, erosion, storm surge, and more intense storms.9 For other communities, climate change may take the form of heatwaves, drought and increased wildfires, shifting snowpack melt, floods, and drastic ecosystem changes.10 Some communities may even experience beneficial impacts from climate cha ...
NRDC: Clean Power – The Case for Carbon Pollution Limits
... And those threats are growing more urgent. Last year was the hottest, globally, since record keeping began in 1880. And 14 of the 15 hottest years have occurred in this century. In response to the dangers, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in June 2014 proposed the firstever limits on t ...
... And those threats are growing more urgent. Last year was the hottest, globally, since record keeping began in 1880. And 14 of the 15 hottest years have occurred in this century. In response to the dangers, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in June 2014 proposed the firstever limits on t ...
Stratigraphic and Earth System Approaches to Defining the
... The Earth System is usually defined as a single, planetary-level complex system, with a multitude of interacting biotic and abiotic components, evolved over 4.54 billion years and which has existed in well-defined, planetary-level states with transitions between them [Schellnhuber, 1998; 1999]. A stat ...
... The Earth System is usually defined as a single, planetary-level complex system, with a multitude of interacting biotic and abiotic components, evolved over 4.54 billion years and which has existed in well-defined, planetary-level states with transitions between them [Schellnhuber, 1998; 1999]. A stat ...
Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) publication: Rising to the Urgent
... We have classified you as an "other-use" requester. As such, we may charge you for some of our search and duplication costs, but we will not charge you for our review costs; you are also entitled to up to 2 hours of search time and 100 pages of photocopies (or an equivalent volume) for free. See 43 ...
... We have classified you as an "other-use" requester. As such, we may charge you for some of our search and duplication costs, but we will not charge you for our review costs; you are also entitled to up to 2 hours of search time and 100 pages of photocopies (or an equivalent volume) for free. See 43 ...
A Review of Downscaling Methods for Climate
... suspended in air that influence the amount of solar radiation that reaches the surface of the Earth. Aerosols can cool the surface of the Earth via reflection of solar radiation. This is termed the direct effect. The effect of aerosols on the radiative properties of Earth’s cloud cover is referred t ...
... suspended in air that influence the amount of solar radiation that reaches the surface of the Earth. Aerosols can cool the surface of the Earth via reflection of solar radiation. This is termed the direct effect. The effect of aerosols on the radiative properties of Earth’s cloud cover is referred t ...
SSACgnp.GB2403.JAM1.6 Core Quantitative
... water for the drier months, possibly causing some streams to become intermittent, impacting stream ecology. Coal-burning power plant. Coal is a fossil fuel. ...
... water for the drier months, possibly causing some streams to become intermittent, impacting stream ecology. Coal-burning power plant. Coal is a fossil fuel. ...
Regional climate model applications on subregional scales over the
... [2] Global general circulation models (GCMs) are the primary tools used to understand and project changes in climate due to increasing greenhouse gas concentrations [Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), 2007]. The increasing complexity of current GCMs and the need for century long ensem ...
... [2] Global general circulation models (GCMs) are the primary tools used to understand and project changes in climate due to increasing greenhouse gas concentrations [Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), 2007]. The increasing complexity of current GCMs and the need for century long ensem ...
Growth of climate change commitments from HFC banks and
... in comparison to carbon dioxide under some circumstances (Gschrey et al., 2011; Velders et al., 2009, 2012). CFCs used in rapid-release applications, like spray cans and solvents, were largely replaced with not-in-kind alternatives right away after environmental concerns were recognized. Because of ...
... in comparison to carbon dioxide under some circumstances (Gschrey et al., 2011; Velders et al., 2009, 2012). CFCs used in rapid-release applications, like spray cans and solvents, were largely replaced with not-in-kind alternatives right away after environmental concerns were recognized. Because of ...
Marine Net Primary Production
... photosynthesis by phytoplankton: a polyphyletic group of photosynthetic prokaryotic and eukaryotic algal lineages. Satellite ocean color estimates of phytoplankton chlorophyll-a (the dominant pigment used to harvest light) are combined with models to estimate global NPP, while 14C incubations have b ...
... photosynthesis by phytoplankton: a polyphyletic group of photosynthetic prokaryotic and eukaryotic algal lineages. Satellite ocean color estimates of phytoplankton chlorophyll-a (the dominant pigment used to harvest light) are combined with models to estimate global NPP, while 14C incubations have b ...
Diplom/Master`s Thesis - Institute for the Study of Society and
... Travel scholarship for the Sixth Open Meeting of the Human Dimensions of Global Change Research Community in Bonn, Germany; Early Career Scientists Assembly/Advanced Studies Program, NCAR Travel scholarship for the Fourth Open Meeting of the Human Dimensions of Global Change Research Community in Ri ...
... Travel scholarship for the Sixth Open Meeting of the Human Dimensions of Global Change Research Community in Bonn, Germany; Early Career Scientists Assembly/Advanced Studies Program, NCAR Travel scholarship for the Fourth Open Meeting of the Human Dimensions of Global Change Research Community in Ri ...
Attribution of recent climate change
Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent changes observed in the Earth's climate, commonly known as 'global warming'. The effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record, when records are most reliable; particularly in the last 50 years, when human activity has grown fastest and observations of the troposphere have become available. The dominant mechanisms (to which recent climate change has been attributed) are anthropogenic, i.e., the result of human activity. They are: increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases global changes to land surface, such as deforestation increasing atmospheric concentrations of aerosols.There are also natural mechanisms for variation including climate oscillations, changes in solar activity, and volcanic activity.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is ""extremely likely"" that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951 and 2010. The IPCC defines ""extremely likely"" as indicating a probability of 95 to 100%, based on an expert assessment of all the available evidence.Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities: A basic physical understanding of the climate system: greenhouse gas concentrations have increased and their warming properties are well-established. Historical estimates of past climate changes suggest that the recent changes in global surface temperature are unusual. Computer-based climate models are unable to replicate the observed warming unless human greenhouse gas emissions are included. Natural forces alone (such as solar and volcanic activity) cannot explain the observed warming.The IPCC's attribution of recent global warming to human activities is a view shared by most scientists, and is also supported by 196 other scientific organizations worldwide (see also: scientific opinion on climate change).