The Geography of Solving Global Environmental Problems
... much of my time over the past several years. First, I do not regard it as "global." While certainly climate change has global dimensions, which makes attempts to solve it through international law critical, the problem is deeply multiscalar both physically and legally. As I have explored in my prior ...
... much of my time over the past several years. First, I do not regard it as "global." While certainly climate change has global dimensions, which makes attempts to solve it through international law critical, the problem is deeply multiscalar both physically and legally. As I have explored in my prior ...
Consistent increase in Indian monsoon rainfall and its variability
... monsoon rainfall in a homogeneous region over central India shows no significant long-term trend during the past few decades (Goswami et al., 2006). Even though the frequency and magnitude of extreme events show a rising trend over central India (Rajeevan et al., 2006; Goswami et al., 2006), a signi ...
... monsoon rainfall in a homogeneous region over central India shows no significant long-term trend during the past few decades (Goswami et al., 2006). Even though the frequency and magnitude of extreme events show a rising trend over central India (Rajeevan et al., 2006; Goswami et al., 2006), a signi ...
Chapter 10 - Graduate Institute of International and Development
... the Protocol.) These targets apply, not on a yearly basis, but to the fiveyear, 2008–2012 commitment period, and apply to a basket of six greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and three trace gases or groups of gases). Both in the FCCC and the Kyoto Protocol negotiations, develop ...
... the Protocol.) These targets apply, not on a yearly basis, but to the fiveyear, 2008–2012 commitment period, and apply to a basket of six greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and three trace gases or groups of gases). Both in the FCCC and the Kyoto Protocol negotiations, develop ...
Advancing a Political Ecology of Global Environmental Discourses
... The analysis is framed within the general approach of political ecology (Blaikie and Brookfield, 1987; Bryant and Bailey, 1997; Peet and Watts, 1996; Stott and Sullivan, 2000) by linking the underlying discourses of environmental change to policies and institutions engaged in implementing environmen ...
... The analysis is framed within the general approach of political ecology (Blaikie and Brookfield, 1987; Bryant and Bailey, 1997; Peet and Watts, 1996; Stott and Sullivan, 2000) by linking the underlying discourses of environmental change to policies and institutions engaged in implementing environmen ...
A NEPA Climate Paradox: Taking Greenhouse Gases into Account
... 6. NEPA establishes the Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ) in the Executive Office of the President to oversee the Act’s implementation, to advise the President on the state of the environment, and to make recommendations for achieving NEPA’s goals. Id. §§ 4342, 4344. In this capacity, CEQ has p ...
... 6. NEPA establishes the Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ) in the Executive Office of the President to oversee the Act’s implementation, to advise the President on the state of the environment, and to make recommendations for achieving NEPA’s goals. Id. §§ 4342, 4344. In this capacity, CEQ has p ...
costs and benefits of climate change adaptation and mitigation
... Main findings 6 1 Motivation, explanation of terms, and scope 8 2 Costs and benefits: A global picture 11 3 Costs and benefits for the EU 18 4 Implications for the Netherlands 24 ...
... Main findings 6 1 Motivation, explanation of terms, and scope 8 2 Costs and benefits: A global picture 11 3 Costs and benefits for the EU 18 4 Implications for the Netherlands 24 ...
Land Use Change Impacts on Air Quality and Climate
... vegetation is an important sink for trace gases and particles, particularly for ozone.13 Indirect climate forcing from pollution aerosol interactions with clouds is particularly sensitive to the natural aerosol background.14, 15 In turn, recent work has emphasized the critical role that climate pla ...
... vegetation is an important sink for trace gases and particles, particularly for ozone.13 Indirect climate forcing from pollution aerosol interactions with clouds is particularly sensitive to the natural aerosol background.14, 15 In turn, recent work has emphasized the critical role that climate pla ...
Climate impact on airborne particulate matter concentrations in
... The National Ambient Air Quality Standard for annualaverage PM2.5 is currently 15 µg m−3 and the more stringent California State Air Quality Standard for annual-average PM2.5 is currently 12 µg m−3 . Despite the adoption of a more stringent state standard, annual average PM2.5 concentrations measure ...
... The National Ambient Air Quality Standard for annualaverage PM2.5 is currently 15 µg m−3 and the more stringent California State Air Quality Standard for annual-average PM2.5 is currently 12 µg m−3 . Despite the adoption of a more stringent state standard, annual average PM2.5 concentrations measure ...
Global Warming and the Greenland Ice Sheet
... glacier model. Taking a 1% per year increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration, they obtained a global average temperature increase of between 2.7 and 3.3 ◦ C over the 1990 to 2100 time span. Their result suggests that the Greenland contribution to sea level rise is considerably smaller, between 0.30 ...
... glacier model. Taking a 1% per year increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration, they obtained a global average temperature increase of between 2.7 and 3.3 ◦ C over the 1990 to 2100 time span. Their result suggests that the Greenland contribution to sea level rise is considerably smaller, between 0.30 ...
An Analysis of the Dismal Theorem - Yale Economics
... In a series of papers, Martin Weitzman has proposed what he calls a Dismal Theorem. He summarizes the theorem as follows: “[T]he catastrophe-insurance aspect of such a fat-tailed unlimited-exposure situation, which can never be fully learned away, can dominate the social-discounting aspect, the pure ...
... In a series of papers, Martin Weitzman has proposed what he calls a Dismal Theorem. He summarizes the theorem as follows: “[T]he catastrophe-insurance aspect of such a fat-tailed unlimited-exposure situation, which can never be fully learned away, can dominate the social-discounting aspect, the pure ...
prize winning finalists - School of Geography and the Environment
... the island, local diurnal heating and synoptic scale pressure systems. This involved learning to track helium-filled balloons with a theodolite as they were carried away by the wind, a technique known as pibal. The sunny seaside setting made up for the early starts! More generally, this was an excel ...
... the island, local diurnal heating and synoptic scale pressure systems. This involved learning to track helium-filled balloons with a theodolite as they were carried away by the wind, a technique known as pibal. The sunny seaside setting made up for the early starts! More generally, this was an excel ...
ESPACE Project Scoping Report
... knowledge of the probability that these impacts will occur. One solution is to invest in further research to reduce uncertainty. However, adaptation decisions are relatively urgent and, by necessity, need to be based on more or less uncertain data. This presents certain challenges to those planning ...
... knowledge of the probability that these impacts will occur. One solution is to invest in further research to reduce uncertainty. However, adaptation decisions are relatively urgent and, by necessity, need to be based on more or less uncertain data. This presents certain challenges to those planning ...
2. coral reefs and climate change: susceptibility and consequences
... sufficiently to protect coral reefs from bleaching. No lasting changes have been observed in coral-zooxanthellae partnerships before and after major bleaching events. The 2007 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Report (IPCC 4th Assessment Report) predicts that climate changes will continue fo ...
... sufficiently to protect coral reefs from bleaching. No lasting changes have been observed in coral-zooxanthellae partnerships before and after major bleaching events. The 2007 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Report (IPCC 4th Assessment Report) predicts that climate changes will continue fo ...
Assessing the Impacts of Land Cover Change on
... processes compared to the Amazon region, highlighting the knowledge gap in relation to the main topic of this thesis. Based on these results, the following chapters address this knowledge gap by focusing on the climatic impacts of land use and land cover change in four main ecosystems: the Atlantic ...
... processes compared to the Amazon region, highlighting the knowledge gap in relation to the main topic of this thesis. Based on these results, the following chapters address this knowledge gap by focusing on the climatic impacts of land use and land cover change in four main ecosystems: the Atlantic ...
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... By the middle of the twenty-first century, world population is expected to reach 9.6 billion (United Nations 2013). This growth is projected to occur primarily in developing countries, where dependency on cereal imports is already high and is likely to increase. International trade will play an impo ...
... By the middle of the twenty-first century, world population is expected to reach 9.6 billion (United Nations 2013). This growth is projected to occur primarily in developing countries, where dependency on cereal imports is already high and is likely to increase. International trade will play an impo ...
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... Swaziland’s sustainable development is threatened by climate change, through adverse effects in the environment, health, food security, economic activities and physical infrastructure. Climate change is characterised by changes in precipitation patterns, rainfall variability, and temperatures, which ...
... Swaziland’s sustainable development is threatened by climate change, through adverse effects in the environment, health, food security, economic activities and physical infrastructure. Climate change is characterised by changes in precipitation patterns, rainfall variability, and temperatures, which ...
Climate challenge – the safety`s off
... feedbacks and climate change drivers. The magnitude of past climate variations was largely due to feedbacks. The driving factors such as the strength of the sun and fluctuations in the Earth’s orbit around the sun only had modest direct impact. Today’s trend of rising temperatures is mainly due to h ...
... feedbacks and climate change drivers. The magnitude of past climate variations was largely due to feedbacks. The driving factors such as the strength of the sun and fluctuations in the Earth’s orbit around the sun only had modest direct impact. Today’s trend of rising temperatures is mainly due to h ...
Deglacial impact of the Scandinavian Ice Sheet on the North Atlantic climate system Francesco Muschitiello
... Overturning Circulation (AMOC) – a critical component of the Earth’s system. In the North Atlantic Ocean – the key centre of action of the AMOC – warm and saline surface waters carried from the subtropical sector rapidly cool and sink. The process releases heat to ...
... Overturning Circulation (AMOC) – a critical component of the Earth’s system. In the North Atlantic Ocean – the key centre of action of the AMOC – warm and saline surface waters carried from the subtropical sector rapidly cool and sink. The process releases heat to ...
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... There is a wide consensus about climate change taking place today and, in particular, in the future. The details of these changes and their socio-economic consequences remain uncertain at least for several more decades. The vast majority of integrated assessment models in climate change does not tak ...
... There is a wide consensus about climate change taking place today and, in particular, in the future. The details of these changes and their socio-economic consequences remain uncertain at least for several more decades. The vast majority of integrated assessment models in climate change does not tak ...
Preventing El Niño Southern Oscillation Episodes from Becoming
... in our climate in ways that cannot be fully predicted, and ENSO could compound existing impact of climate change in the most vulnerable parts of the world. Global temperatures have increased, and in ENSO years additional warming further exacerbates climate impacts. Without a shift toward greater emp ...
... in our climate in ways that cannot be fully predicted, and ENSO could compound existing impact of climate change in the most vulnerable parts of the world. Global temperatures have increased, and in ENSO years additional warming further exacerbates climate impacts. Without a shift toward greater emp ...
WHAT IS WRONG WITH STERN? Peter Lilley MP The Global Warming Policy Foundation
... achieved even less. Meanwhile there is growing awareness that the UK’s contribution to world emissions is tiny - barely 2% of the total and less than the increase in China’s emissions in a single year. And China has no intention of signing up to a binding commitment to cut its emissions. Economic di ...
... achieved even less. Meanwhile there is growing awareness that the UK’s contribution to world emissions is tiny - barely 2% of the total and less than the increase in China’s emissions in a single year. And China has no intention of signing up to a binding commitment to cut its emissions. Economic di ...
Estimating Future Costs for Alaska Public Infrastructure - ISER
... that average annual temperatures around Alaska increased from 2 degrees to 5 degrees Fahrenheit from 1949 to 2005. Climate models project that both temperature and precipitation will continue increasing in Alaska. The recent climate change was more pronounced in the Arctic than it was elsewhere— and ...
... that average annual temperatures around Alaska increased from 2 degrees to 5 degrees Fahrenheit from 1949 to 2005. Climate models project that both temperature and precipitation will continue increasing in Alaska. The recent climate change was more pronounced in the Arctic than it was elsewhere— and ...
Attribution of recent climate change
Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent changes observed in the Earth's climate, commonly known as 'global warming'. The effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record, when records are most reliable; particularly in the last 50 years, when human activity has grown fastest and observations of the troposphere have become available. The dominant mechanisms (to which recent climate change has been attributed) are anthropogenic, i.e., the result of human activity. They are: increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases global changes to land surface, such as deforestation increasing atmospheric concentrations of aerosols.There are also natural mechanisms for variation including climate oscillations, changes in solar activity, and volcanic activity.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is ""extremely likely"" that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951 and 2010. The IPCC defines ""extremely likely"" as indicating a probability of 95 to 100%, based on an expert assessment of all the available evidence.Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities: A basic physical understanding of the climate system: greenhouse gas concentrations have increased and their warming properties are well-established. Historical estimates of past climate changes suggest that the recent changes in global surface temperature are unusual. Computer-based climate models are unable to replicate the observed warming unless human greenhouse gas emissions are included. Natural forces alone (such as solar and volcanic activity) cannot explain the observed warming.The IPCC's attribution of recent global warming to human activities is a view shared by most scientists, and is also supported by 196 other scientific organizations worldwide (see also: scientific opinion on climate change).