NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES TEMPERATURE, HUMAN HEALTH, AND ADAPTATION:
... conceptual level, the main limitations of the existing literature is that mortality and hospitalizations are the only health outcomes that have been exclusively studied, and so little is known about the potentially large “lower‐level” effects of temperature extremes on chronic conditions and quali ...
... conceptual level, the main limitations of the existing literature is that mortality and hospitalizations are the only health outcomes that have been exclusively studied, and so little is known about the potentially large “lower‐level” effects of temperature extremes on chronic conditions and quali ...
Primary impacts of climate change on the cryosphere
... winter temperatures. Constant or stable snow amounts have only been observed at higher latitudes or at altitudes above 2000 m. The projected increase in temperature would shift this latitude and altitude limit even higher. Therefore, winter tourism will be restricted to a shorter time period and/or ...
... winter temperatures. Constant or stable snow amounts have only been observed at higher latitudes or at altitudes above 2000 m. The projected increase in temperature would shift this latitude and altitude limit even higher. Therefore, winter tourism will be restricted to a shorter time period and/or ...
Climate Change, its Consequences on Employment and Trade
... The expected length of the training period is three days, however the Manual is designed in such a way that trainers may add or leave out sections for a specific training session to shorten or lengthen the suggested training. The Manual targets mainly workers and trade unions, both from developing c ...
... The expected length of the training period is three days, however the Manual is designed in such a way that trainers may add or leave out sections for a specific training session to shorten or lengthen the suggested training. The Manual targets mainly workers and trade unions, both from developing c ...
Impactsof climate variability and change inthe Pacific Northwest University of Washington
... Oscillation) primarily on year-to-year timescales and PDO (the Pacific Decadal oscillation) primarily on decade-to-decade timescales. ENSO and PDO cause variation sin snowpack and streamflow, and hence the ability to meet water resource objectives; with respect tot he region’s water resources, ENSO ...
... Oscillation) primarily on year-to-year timescales and PDO (the Pacific Decadal oscillation) primarily on decade-to-decade timescales. ENSO and PDO cause variation sin snowpack and streamflow, and hence the ability to meet water resource objectives; with respect tot he region’s water resources, ENSO ...
PROJECT / PROGRAMME CONCEPT NOTE GREEN CLIMATE
... and social aspirations of MMA coastal communities, if no risks reduction measures are immediately taken. Recognizing the above issues, reducing climate change risks in costal zones has been retained by Liberia as the most urgent adaptation intervention in the NAPA (2007), the INC (2013) and the INDC ...
... and social aspirations of MMA coastal communities, if no risks reduction measures are immediately taken. Recognizing the above issues, reducing climate change risks in costal zones has been retained by Liberia as the most urgent adaptation intervention in the NAPA (2007), the INC (2013) and the INDC ...
Some Aspects of Ice-Hydropower Interaction in a Changing Climate
... Abstract: Ice formation and related processes in rivers and lakes/reservoirs influence the operation of hydropower plants in cold regions. It is a matter of interest to the scientific community and hydropower operators alike how existing ice effects and problems will manifest themselves in a future ...
... Abstract: Ice formation and related processes in rivers and lakes/reservoirs influence the operation of hydropower plants in cold regions. It is a matter of interest to the scientific community and hydropower operators alike how existing ice effects and problems will manifest themselves in a future ...
i2146e01
... Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) concluded: “warming of the climate system is unequivocal, as is now evident from observations of increases in global average air and ocean temperatures, widespread melting of snow and ice, and rising global average sea level”. The AR4 found that the under ...
... Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) concluded: “warming of the climate system is unequivocal, as is now evident from observations of increases in global average air and ocean temperatures, widespread melting of snow and ice, and rising global average sea level”. The AR4 found that the under ...
Coastal Evolution, Behaviour and Climate Change
... Evidence drawn from palaeo-environmental and archaeological research has assisted the understanding of long-term coastal change in Great Britain and elsewhere (McInnes et al, 20001). This research has established a wealth of information about coastal evolution and change since the last glacial maxim ...
... Evidence drawn from palaeo-environmental and archaeological research has assisted the understanding of long-term coastal change in Great Britain and elsewhere (McInnes et al, 20001). This research has established a wealth of information about coastal evolution and change since the last glacial maxim ...
Climate change and human health in cities
... impacts that climate change is likely to inflict on city dwellers, a key task is to alter existing urban conditions that may combine with climate change and result in deaths, injuries, and illnesses in the population. In low- and middle-income cities and countries this requires a focus on meeting ba ...
... impacts that climate change is likely to inflict on city dwellers, a key task is to alter existing urban conditions that may combine with climate change and result in deaths, injuries, and illnesses in the population. In low- and middle-income cities and countries this requires a focus on meeting ba ...
Comparing bias correction methods in downscaling meteorological
... under the context of global climate change. Though GCMs have been widely used to study impacts of future climate change on hydrological systems and water resources, they are impeded by their inability to provide reliable information at the hydrological scales (Maraun et al., 2010; Giorgi, 1990). In ...
... under the context of global climate change. Though GCMs have been widely used to study impacts of future climate change on hydrological systems and water resources, they are impeded by their inability to provide reliable information at the hydrological scales (Maraun et al., 2010; Giorgi, 1990). In ...
What to talk about
... avoid through reducing vulnerability and increasing resilience. The ToR of the ECCP adaptation working group should explicitly mention this need. ...
... avoid through reducing vulnerability and increasing resilience. The ToR of the ECCP adaptation working group should explicitly mention this need. ...
Indoor air pollution
... Global climate change = changes in climate on a worldwide scale Climate changes naturally, and always has, but the recent rapid warming of the planet and its change in atmospheric composition are widely thought due to human activities. ...
... Global climate change = changes in climate on a worldwide scale Climate changes naturally, and always has, but the recent rapid warming of the planet and its change in atmospheric composition are widely thought due to human activities. ...
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... society, writes Sven Kullander, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. According to studies carried out within the Academy’s energy committee, it is esti mated that carbon dioxide emissions from fossil energy sources could be reduced from the current figure of 28 billion tonnes per year to 20 billion t ...
... society, writes Sven Kullander, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. According to studies carried out within the Academy’s energy committee, it is esti mated that carbon dioxide emissions from fossil energy sources could be reduced from the current figure of 28 billion tonnes per year to 20 billion t ...
Simulating the winter North Atlantic Oscillation: the roles of internal
... greenhouse gas forcing. These conclusions are based on a comprehensive analysis of the control runs and transient greenhouse-gas-forced simulations of the seven climate models. The simulations of mean winter circulation and its pattern of inter-annual variability are very similar to the observations ...
... greenhouse gas forcing. These conclusions are based on a comprehensive analysis of the control runs and transient greenhouse-gas-forced simulations of the seven climate models. The simulations of mean winter circulation and its pattern of inter-annual variability are very similar to the observations ...
Lecture 3 FINAL DRAFT
... that the material in this Lecture spans two sessions or class periods. Sections A to D of the Lecture are intended for the first session. The rest of the Lecture would be covered in a second session. With the exception of Section A, the materials in this Lecture are structured following the model fo ...
... that the material in this Lecture spans two sessions or class periods. Sections A to D of the Lecture are intended for the first session. The rest of the Lecture would be covered in a second session. With the exception of Section A, the materials in this Lecture are structured following the model fo ...
Chapter 14 Environmental Hazards and Human Health
... Chapter 15 Air Pollution, Climate Change, and Ozone Depletion ...
... Chapter 15 Air Pollution, Climate Change, and Ozone Depletion ...
An Investigation of Historical Temperature and Precipitation Data at
... an altered greenhouse have suggested a warming in the global mean temperature, ranging from 3 °F to 8°F. Studies of aerosol effects suggest a strong surface cooling influence in regions such as Illinois where fossil fuel burning is relatively large. Worldwide concern over such possible global enviro ...
... an altered greenhouse have suggested a warming in the global mean temperature, ranging from 3 °F to 8°F. Studies of aerosol effects suggest a strong surface cooling influence in regions such as Illinois where fossil fuel burning is relatively large. Worldwide concern over such possible global enviro ...
UK Climate Change Risk Assessment 2017 Synthesis Report
... Preface The Committee on Climate Change (CCC) is an independent statutory body established under the Climate Change Act 2008 to advise the UK and devolved administration governments on setting and meeting carbon budgets, and preparing for climate change. The Act also established the CCC’s Adaptatio ...
... Preface The Committee on Climate Change (CCC) is an independent statutory body established under the Climate Change Act 2008 to advise the UK and devolved administration governments on setting and meeting carbon budgets, and preparing for climate change. The Act also established the CCC’s Adaptatio ...
C i T Climate n Wash Technic e Chan hingto cal Sum ge Imp n State
... knowledge about the causes and consequences of climate change. (Sections 1 and 2) Human activities have increased atmospheric levels of greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide) to levels unprecedented in at least the Human influence on the climate past 800,000 years. The Earth’s ...
... knowledge about the causes and consequences of climate change. (Sections 1 and 2) Human activities have increased atmospheric levels of greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide) to levels unprecedented in at least the Human influence on the climate past 800,000 years. The Earth’s ...
European Perceptions of Climate Change (EPCC) - ORCA
... The EPCC project was designed to maximise the relevance of the survey results for academic and nonacademic audiences. The countries involved in this project represent four key energy producing nations in Europe. They are significant not only for their large and varied energy systems, but also becaus ...
... The EPCC project was designed to maximise the relevance of the survey results for academic and nonacademic audiences. The countries involved in this project represent four key energy producing nations in Europe. They are significant not only for their large and varied energy systems, but also becaus ...
EDMUND G. BROWN JR. State of California Attorney General
... the true impacts of its decision to perpetuate this imbalance by stating that it cannot predict where the trip generation would be located. (Responses at 3-86.) We note, however, that many other jurisdictions have carried out VMT evaluations for their general plan update EIRs.6 The City’s summary as ...
... the true impacts of its decision to perpetuate this imbalance by stating that it cannot predict where the trip generation would be located. (Responses at 3-86.) We note, however, that many other jurisdictions have carried out VMT evaluations for their general plan update EIRs.6 The City’s summary as ...
Project Document for CEO Approval
... offices in each of the country’s six administrative regions. Institutionally, the DoE’s effectiveness has been recognized as constrained due to an inadequate legal framework for environmental action (DoE, 2001b). However, the draft National Environmental Law will be finalized soon and has the potent ...
... offices in each of the country’s six administrative regions. Institutionally, the DoE’s effectiveness has been recognized as constrained due to an inadequate legal framework for environmental action (DoE, 2001b). However, the draft National Environmental Law will be finalized soon and has the potent ...
Full-Text PDF
... changing timing of farm operations and changing the way irrigation [5,10], and changes to farm financial management such as diversifying sources of household income [5,10–12] and purchasing crop insurance [5]. The last two categories mainly involve farm-level decision-making by farmers and are calle ...
... changing timing of farm operations and changing the way irrigation [5,10], and changes to farm financial management such as diversifying sources of household income [5,10–12] and purchasing crop insurance [5]. The last two categories mainly involve farm-level decision-making by farmers and are calle ...
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... probabilities? We feel it is important to break the state of scientific knowledge about climate into two categories: broad scientific principles, and detailed empirical predictions. In the first category belong concepts such as the laws of thermodynamics, fluid dynamics, and statements of fact such ...
... probabilities? We feel it is important to break the state of scientific knowledge about climate into two categories: broad scientific principles, and detailed empirical predictions. In the first category belong concepts such as the laws of thermodynamics, fluid dynamics, and statements of fact such ...
Attribution of recent climate change
Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent changes observed in the Earth's climate, commonly known as 'global warming'. The effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record, when records are most reliable; particularly in the last 50 years, when human activity has grown fastest and observations of the troposphere have become available. The dominant mechanisms (to which recent climate change has been attributed) are anthropogenic, i.e., the result of human activity. They are: increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases global changes to land surface, such as deforestation increasing atmospheric concentrations of aerosols.There are also natural mechanisms for variation including climate oscillations, changes in solar activity, and volcanic activity.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is ""extremely likely"" that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951 and 2010. The IPCC defines ""extremely likely"" as indicating a probability of 95 to 100%, based on an expert assessment of all the available evidence.Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities: A basic physical understanding of the climate system: greenhouse gas concentrations have increased and their warming properties are well-established. Historical estimates of past climate changes suggest that the recent changes in global surface temperature are unusual. Computer-based climate models are unable to replicate the observed warming unless human greenhouse gas emissions are included. Natural forces alone (such as solar and volcanic activity) cannot explain the observed warming.The IPCC's attribution of recent global warming to human activities is a view shared by most scientists, and is also supported by 196 other scientific organizations worldwide (see also: scientific opinion on climate change).