Arctic Paleoclimate Synthesis Thematic Papers
... ago, solar energy in summer in the Arctic was greater than at any time subsequently. As a consequence, Arctic summers were w5 C warmer than at present, and almost all glaciers melted completely except for the Greenland Ice Sheet, and even it was reduced in size substantially from its present exten ...
... ago, solar energy in summer in the Arctic was greater than at any time subsequently. As a consequence, Arctic summers were w5 C warmer than at present, and almost all glaciers melted completely except for the Greenland Ice Sheet, and even it was reduced in size substantially from its present exten ...
AN ASSESSMENT OF THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF CLIMATE LIMITED
... scenarios used in this study are based on the Special Report Emissions Scenarios (SRES) storylines. Table 1 describes the SRES A2 and B2 storylines used for calculating future GHG and other emissions. ...
... scenarios used in this study are based on the Special Report Emissions Scenarios (SRES) storylines. Table 1 describes the SRES A2 and B2 storylines used for calculating future GHG and other emissions. ...
Indian Ocean Territory Climate Change Risk Assessment
... The IOT are home to distinctive ecosystems and a number of endemic species that are considered to be vulnerable to climate change. Terrestrial forests in particular, are highly sensitive to increases in temperature and humidity, and any changes in evapo-transpiration would affect soil moisture, fore ...
... The IOT are home to distinctive ecosystems and a number of endemic species that are considered to be vulnerable to climate change. Terrestrial forests in particular, are highly sensitive to increases in temperature and humidity, and any changes in evapo-transpiration would affect soil moisture, fore ...
Contested science in the media: linguistic traces of
... manifest in a text” (p. 51). While framing may also take place through visuals (e.g., Bednarek & Caple, 2012; Oddo, 2013), verbal representation is the key focus in most framing studies (see the next section for examples). The current study is to some extent inspired by the frustration I as a text l ...
... manifest in a text” (p. 51). While framing may also take place through visuals (e.g., Bednarek & Caple, 2012; Oddo, 2013), verbal representation is the key focus in most framing studies (see the next section for examples). The current study is to some extent inspired by the frustration I as a text l ...
Agreeing to disagree: Uncertainty management in assessing climate
... 2005). Hence, frameworks other than the IPCC may lead to different results. However, in this paper, we take the position and procedures of the IPCC as an intermediary between science and policy as a given, and do not discuss alternative ways of communicating scientific climate change research and as ...
... 2005). Hence, frameworks other than the IPCC may lead to different results. However, in this paper, we take the position and procedures of the IPCC as an intermediary between science and policy as a given, and do not discuss alternative ways of communicating scientific climate change research and as ...
Farming in a Changing Climate in Manitoba
... warmth through the buildup of naturally occurring greenhouse gases (GHG), namely, carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N20) in the ...
... warmth through the buildup of naturally occurring greenhouse gases (GHG), namely, carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N20) in the ...
Assessing Climate Change Impacts, Vulnerability and Adaptation:
... A Climate Change Task Force (CCTF) was created by CCFM with a mission of providing forest professionals with tools, approaches and state-of-knowledge that will enable them to adapt SFM to climate change. One of CCMF-CCTF products is a framework and guidebook approach for assessing vulnerability and ...
... A Climate Change Task Force (CCTF) was created by CCFM with a mission of providing forest professionals with tools, approaches and state-of-knowledge that will enable them to adapt SFM to climate change. One of CCMF-CCTF products is a framework and guidebook approach for assessing vulnerability and ...
Climate Impacts in Europe The JRC PESETA II Project
... Figure 3. Total CO2 emission per year (GtC) from the JRC PESETA II scenarios ......................... 33 Figure 4. Mean seasonal climate change signal (°C ) for bias corrected temperature under the A1B scenario ........................................................................................ ...
... Figure 3. Total CO2 emission per year (GtC) from the JRC PESETA II scenarios ......................... 33 Figure 4. Mean seasonal climate change signal (°C ) for bias corrected temperature under the A1B scenario ........................................................................................ ...
Impacts of changes in climate, land use and land cover on
... We conduct five model simulations to separate the impacts associated with climate change and those associated with land use/ land cover change: (1) present-day climate and present-day land use and land cover (2000 climate þ 2000 LU&LC), (2) future climate and present-day land use and land cover (2050 ...
... We conduct five model simulations to separate the impacts associated with climate change and those associated with land use/ land cover change: (1) present-day climate and present-day land use and land cover (2000 climate þ 2000 LU&LC), (2) future climate and present-day land use and land cover (2050 ...
Wooldridge et al. 2012. GBR Safeguarding Corals Against CC
... uncertainty due to model differences in the pattern of SST warming is allowed for. As there was no way to assess which model warming pattern was most likely, the range achieved for any 10-km grid cell location was considered representative of possible changes. 2.3 Coral mortality (LD50) thresholds T ...
... uncertainty due to model differences in the pattern of SST warming is allowed for. As there was no way to assess which model warming pattern was most likely, the range achieved for any 10-km grid cell location was considered representative of possible changes. 2.3 Coral mortality (LD50) thresholds T ...
ecosystem-based adaptation - Fundação Grupo Boticário de
... 2.1. Panorama of climate change Studies on climate change have shown, with increasing clarity, the warming of the global system, which can be evidenced based on changes such as the warming of the atmosphere and the oceans and the increase in sealevel, among other changes already observed (PBMC, 2015 ...
... 2.1. Panorama of climate change Studies on climate change have shown, with increasing clarity, the warming of the global system, which can be evidenced based on changes such as the warming of the atmosphere and the oceans and the increase in sealevel, among other changes already observed (PBMC, 2015 ...
Growing within Limits
... temperature of 2 °C (as a political trade-off between risks and achievable emission reduction targets). This limit implies a maximum long-run greenhouse gas concentration level of 400 to 450 ppmv CO2 equivalents, compared to present levels of around 400 ppmv and pre-industrial levels of 280 ppmv. In ...
... temperature of 2 °C (as a political trade-off between risks and achievable emission reduction targets). This limit implies a maximum long-run greenhouse gas concentration level of 400 to 450 ppmv CO2 equivalents, compared to present levels of around 400 ppmv and pre-industrial levels of 280 ppmv. In ...
Proceedings of Fifth International Conference on Climate Change
... discussions revealed that adaptation strategies include before drought, during and after drought initiatives. Households without stable incomes often engaged strategies such as barter trade, piece jobs, gold panning, selling firewood and livestock. Average income households diversify livestock and c ...
... discussions revealed that adaptation strategies include before drought, during and after drought initiatives. Households without stable incomes often engaged strategies such as barter trade, piece jobs, gold panning, selling firewood and livestock. Average income households diversify livestock and c ...
Impacts of climate change on Blue Nile flows using bias
... evapotranspiration due to temperature rise. Based on climate change scenarios from two versions of the Hadley Centre GCM, Arnell (1999) estimated that the increase in evaporative demand would counterbalance the increase in basin rainfall so that runoff would remain virtually unchanged. Results from ...
... evapotranspiration due to temperature rise. Based on climate change scenarios from two versions of the Hadley Centre GCM, Arnell (1999) estimated that the increase in evaporative demand would counterbalance the increase in basin rainfall so that runoff would remain virtually unchanged. Results from ...
the effects of climate change in the netherlands: 2012
... extreme precipitation events projected to increase, but so are river discharges, sea level rise and the likelihood of droughts. However, the possible climatic changes are subject to large uncertainty. In the Netherlands, for example, average annual precipitation could either decline by 5% or increas ...
... extreme precipitation events projected to increase, but so are river discharges, sea level rise and the likelihood of droughts. However, the possible climatic changes are subject to large uncertainty. In the Netherlands, for example, average annual precipitation could either decline by 5% or increas ...
Temperature and trophic structure are driving microbial productivity
... Temperature is known to influence ecosystem processes through its direct effect on biological rates such as respiration and nutrient cycling. These changes can then indirectly affect ecologically processes by altering trophic dynamics, the persistence of a species in a given environment, and, consequen ...
... Temperature is known to influence ecosystem processes through its direct effect on biological rates such as respiration and nutrient cycling. These changes can then indirectly affect ecologically processes by altering trophic dynamics, the persistence of a species in a given environment, and, consequen ...
Ambiguity and climate policy
... discussions of the scientific and philosophical challenges of climate prediction), these models are not always in agreement with one another. As an example of this, consider Figure 1, which plots the results of several recent studies’ attempts to use different models and observational data to estima ...
... discussions of the scientific and philosophical challenges of climate prediction), these models are not always in agreement with one another. As an example of this, consider Figure 1, which plots the results of several recent studies’ attempts to use different models and observational data to estima ...
On Welfare Frameworks and Catastrophic Climate Risks
... 1. I(a) converges for all a - gðaÞ 4 1 þ gðZ1Þ for all a 2 ½0,1. 2. I(a) converges only for a 2 ½d,1-gðaÞ 4 1 þ gðZ1Þ only for a 2 ½d,1. 3. I(a) diverges for all a 2 ½0,1-gðaÞ o 1 þ gðZ1Þ for all a 2 ½0,1. Notice how the critical value of g(a) at which the convergence properties of I(a) chan ...
... 1. I(a) converges for all a - gðaÞ 4 1 þ gðZ1Þ for all a 2 ½0,1. 2. I(a) converges only for a 2 ½d,1-gðaÞ 4 1 þ gðZ1Þ only for a 2 ½d,1. 3. I(a) diverges for all a 2 ½0,1-gðaÞ o 1 þ gðZ1Þ for all a 2 ½0,1. Notice how the critical value of g(a) at which the convergence properties of I(a) chan ...
FINAL 2014 2015 Annual Progress Report
... near-routine observations from satellites (e.g., altimeters) and profiler drifters (e.g., the Argo float system), a much higher density of observations is possible and ocean data assimilation has become a practical proposition. This is important because it is the initial state of the ocean, and not ...
... near-routine observations from satellites (e.g., altimeters) and profiler drifters (e.g., the Argo float system), a much higher density of observations is possible and ocean data assimilation has become a practical proposition. This is important because it is the initial state of the ocean, and not ...
Republic of Yemen Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) With
... demonstrates commitments to transition towards greener economy. ...
... demonstrates commitments to transition towards greener economy. ...
Emerging Vibrio risk in the Baltic Sea in response to ocean warming
... vulnificus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus: a European perspective. Environmental Microbiology Reports, 2010. ...
... vulnificus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus: a European perspective. Environmental Microbiology Reports, 2010. ...
Malawi`s Strategy on Climate Change Learning
... Climate change, caused by anthropogenic interference in the climate system, has become a serious global concern, affecting the world’s poorest countries mainly in sub-Saharan Africa where most people are at immediate risk. In the light of the above, the developmental gains that the Malawi Government ...
... Climate change, caused by anthropogenic interference in the climate system, has become a serious global concern, affecting the world’s poorest countries mainly in sub-Saharan Africa where most people are at immediate risk. In the light of the above, the developmental gains that the Malawi Government ...
Impact of the Kyoto Protocol on Stabilization of Carbon
... asymptotically from above. Some analysis suggest that there could be substantial changes in the carbon cycle in the latter half of the century leading to a slowed removal of CO2 from the atmosphere (e.g. Cox et al. 2000). Overshoot scenarios would rely on the fast removal of CO2 in the latter half o ...
... asymptotically from above. Some analysis suggest that there could be substantial changes in the carbon cycle in the latter half of the century leading to a slowed removal of CO2 from the atmosphere (e.g. Cox et al. 2000). Overshoot scenarios would rely on the fast removal of CO2 in the latter half o ...
Attribution of recent climate change
Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent changes observed in the Earth's climate, commonly known as 'global warming'. The effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record, when records are most reliable; particularly in the last 50 years, when human activity has grown fastest and observations of the troposphere have become available. The dominant mechanisms (to which recent climate change has been attributed) are anthropogenic, i.e., the result of human activity. They are: increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases global changes to land surface, such as deforestation increasing atmospheric concentrations of aerosols.There are also natural mechanisms for variation including climate oscillations, changes in solar activity, and volcanic activity.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is ""extremely likely"" that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951 and 2010. The IPCC defines ""extremely likely"" as indicating a probability of 95 to 100%, based on an expert assessment of all the available evidence.Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities: A basic physical understanding of the climate system: greenhouse gas concentrations have increased and their warming properties are well-established. Historical estimates of past climate changes suggest that the recent changes in global surface temperature are unusual. Computer-based climate models are unable to replicate the observed warming unless human greenhouse gas emissions are included. Natural forces alone (such as solar and volcanic activity) cannot explain the observed warming.The IPCC's attribution of recent global warming to human activities is a view shared by most scientists, and is also supported by 196 other scientific organizations worldwide (see also: scientific opinion on climate change).