disaster related human mobility within relevant pacific regional laws
... continue to remain in their own countries, where ...
... continue to remain in their own countries, where ...
TAMK - University of Applied Sciences Tampere, Finland
... development of techniques and machines which convert potential energy into work has heavily increased the economies‟ outputs – but, vice versa, as well the demand for energy. The combustion of slowly renewable and fossil fuels since the beginning of the industrialization period to cover the continuo ...
... development of techniques and machines which convert potential energy into work has heavily increased the economies‟ outputs – but, vice versa, as well the demand for energy. The combustion of slowly renewable and fossil fuels since the beginning of the industrialization period to cover the continuo ...
Kamloops Future Forest Strategy
... providing a spatial landscape context within the case study area, building in landscape processes such as harvesting and natural disturbance (Error! Reference source not found.). Dyna-Plan was also capable of implementing natural disturbances over time as well as seeking optimal harvest schedules fr ...
... providing a spatial landscape context within the case study area, building in landscape processes such as harvesting and natural disturbance (Error! Reference source not found.). Dyna-Plan was also capable of implementing natural disturbances over time as well as seeking optimal harvest schedules fr ...
Spending adaptation money wisely: Working Paper 37 (opens in new window)
... benefits irrespective of future climate regimes. We discuss a number of operational challenges in delivering this kind of adaptation, including a preoccupation with additionality – which makes the integration of adaptation and development harder – and a preference for “concrete” and more readily vis ...
... benefits irrespective of future climate regimes. We discuss a number of operational challenges in delivering this kind of adaptation, including a preoccupation with additionality – which makes the integration of adaptation and development harder – and a preference for “concrete” and more readily vis ...
What is causing rapid change in the Arctic at the moment?
... between the part of the atmosphere directly influenced by the Earth’s surface, clouds, overlying sea ice and water can lead to a number of feedback mechanisms. These interactions are not well understood due to variability and inaccurate parameterisation, brought about by a paucity of data, when used ...
... between the part of the atmosphere directly influenced by the Earth’s surface, clouds, overlying sea ice and water can lead to a number of feedback mechanisms. These interactions are not well understood due to variability and inaccurate parameterisation, brought about by a paucity of data, when used ...
Radiolaria and pollen records from 0 to 50ka at ODP Site 1233
... The continental climate of central Chile encompasses a transition zone between summer-dry Mediterranean climates to the north of Site 1233, and heavy year-round rainfall to the south of the site. In the southern region of the Chilean Fjords, alpine glaciation and heavy rainfall result in rapid erosi ...
... The continental climate of central Chile encompasses a transition zone between summer-dry Mediterranean climates to the north of Site 1233, and heavy year-round rainfall to the south of the site. In the southern region of the Chilean Fjords, alpine glaciation and heavy rainfall result in rapid erosi ...
Australia`s future emissions reduction targets
... Emissions—Targets and Progress Review, which was provided to the Minister (and released publicly) on 27 February 2014. That report, which reflected extensive public consultation, presented the Authority’s comprehensive assessment of the evidence coming from climate scientists, the efforts being made ...
... Emissions—Targets and Progress Review, which was provided to the Minister (and released publicly) on 27 February 2014. That report, which reflected extensive public consultation, presented the Authority’s comprehensive assessment of the evidence coming from climate scientists, the efforts being made ...
Impacts of Climate Related Geo-engineering on Biological
... problematic. Early indications are that several of the techniques, both SRM and CDR, are unlikely to be effective at the global scale. (Section 2) Climate change and ocean acidification, and their impacts on biodiversity ...
... problematic. Early indications are that several of the techniques, both SRM and CDR, are unlikely to be effective at the global scale. (Section 2) Climate change and ocean acidification, and their impacts on biodiversity ...
DICE 2013R - Yale Economics
... Fossil fuel use generates CO2 emissions Carbon cycle: redistributes around atmosphere, oceans, etc. Climate system: change in radiative warming, precipitation, ocean currents, sea level rise,… Impacts on ecosystems, agriculture, diseases, skiing, golfing, … Measures to control emissions (limits, ta ...
... Fossil fuel use generates CO2 emissions Carbon cycle: redistributes around atmosphere, oceans, etc. Climate system: change in radiative warming, precipitation, ocean currents, sea level rise,… Impacts on ecosystems, agriculture, diseases, skiing, golfing, … Measures to control emissions (limits, ta ...
Virginia`s Strategy for Safeguarding Species of Greatest
... impacted by the loss or degradation of their habitats. Many of these species could become extinct or extirpated from the Commonwealth if steps are not taken to reverse these trends. In coming decades, climate change will exacerbate and intensify many of the existing threats and will likely result in ...
... impacted by the loss or degradation of their habitats. Many of these species could become extinct or extirpated from the Commonwealth if steps are not taken to reverse these trends. In coming decades, climate change will exacerbate and intensify many of the existing threats and will likely result in ...
PERSPECTIVE: Potential responses to climate change in organisms
... such as a shift in photoperiodic cues for diapause in mosquitoes (Bradshaw and Holzapfel 2006), dispersal ability in crickets (Thomas et al. 2001) and butterflies (Hill et al. 1999), or chromosome inversion rates in Drosophila (Balanya et al. 2006). This single-trait approach yields insights, but se ...
... such as a shift in photoperiodic cues for diapause in mosquitoes (Bradshaw and Holzapfel 2006), dispersal ability in crickets (Thomas et al. 2001) and butterflies (Hill et al. 1999), or chromosome inversion rates in Drosophila (Balanya et al. 2006). This single-trait approach yields insights, but se ...
predicting_climate_change
... the phenology of autumn colors to 2099, showing that, while responses vary among ...
... the phenology of autumn colors to 2099, showing that, while responses vary among ...
Regional Climate Projections
... Executive Summary Increasingly reliable regional climate change projections are now available for many regions of the world due to advances in modelling and understanding of the physical processes of the climate system. A number of important themes have emerged: ...
... Executive Summary Increasingly reliable regional climate change projections are now available for many regions of the world due to advances in modelling and understanding of the physical processes of the climate system. A number of important themes have emerged: ...
a study commissioned by Sitra
... pathway and an emissions trajectory consistent with at least a 50% chance of limiting the average global temperature increase to 2°C. Carbon emissions from fuel combustion and industrial processes are projected to decline due to energy efficiency and carbon neutral processes. The primary fuel mix is ...
... pathway and an emissions trajectory consistent with at least a 50% chance of limiting the average global temperature increase to 2°C. Carbon emissions from fuel combustion and industrial processes are projected to decline due to energy efficiency and carbon neutral processes. The primary fuel mix is ...
A comprehensive review of climate adaptation in the United States
... We were able to group adaptation activities into four scales based on actors: Federal government; states; tribal and local/regional governments; and private sector and nongovernmental organizations. The following section profiles some of the adaptation activities happening at these scales. 2.1 Feder ...
... We were able to group adaptation activities into four scales based on actors: Federal government; states; tribal and local/regional governments; and private sector and nongovernmental organizations. The following section profiles some of the adaptation activities happening at these scales. 2.1 Feder ...
Relative impacts of land use and climate change on summer
... Our main interest is the precipitation response to the altered land surface and the physical processes underlying this response. We investigate this response in the summer season. The summer months typically have a larger shower activity, connected to unstable conditions. This relatively intense typ ...
... Our main interest is the precipitation response to the altered land surface and the physical processes underlying this response. We investigate this response in the summer season. The summer months typically have a larger shower activity, connected to unstable conditions. This relatively intense typ ...
WATCH Technical Report Number 56 - Executive
... the development of data and tools to provide a reliable multi-model approach to assessing impacts on the water cycle. The models were shown to be fit-for purpose for estimating river flows at global, continental and regional scales. This allowed the first steps to be taken towards a consistent asses ...
... the development of data and tools to provide a reliable multi-model approach to assessing impacts on the water cycle. The models were shown to be fit-for purpose for estimating river flows at global, continental and regional scales. This allowed the first steps to be taken towards a consistent asses ...
geog_466_final_paper - Protected Areas Law Capacity
... The Everglades National Park was created by “An Act to Provide for the Establishment of the Everglades National Park in the State of Florida and for Other Purposes” in 1934. The ENP was made because of public concern over the alteration of the watershed due to water control structures and developme ...
... The Everglades National Park was created by “An Act to Provide for the Establishment of the Everglades National Park in the State of Florida and for Other Purposes” in 1934. The ENP was made because of public concern over the alteration of the watershed due to water control structures and developme ...
Temperature and precipitation history of the Arctic
... ago, solar energy in summer in the Arctic was greater than at any time subsequently. As a consequence, Arctic summers were w5 C warmer than at present, and almost all glaciers melted completely except for the Greenland Ice Sheet, and even it was reduced in size substantially from its present exten ...
... ago, solar energy in summer in the Arctic was greater than at any time subsequently. As a consequence, Arctic summers were w5 C warmer than at present, and almost all glaciers melted completely except for the Greenland Ice Sheet, and even it was reduced in size substantially from its present exten ...
Arctic Paleoclimate Synthesis Thematic Papers
... ago, solar energy in summer in the Arctic was greater than at any time subsequently. As a consequence, Arctic summers were w5 C warmer than at present, and almost all glaciers melted completely except for the Greenland Ice Sheet, and even it was reduced in size substantially from its present exten ...
... ago, solar energy in summer in the Arctic was greater than at any time subsequently. As a consequence, Arctic summers were w5 C warmer than at present, and almost all glaciers melted completely except for the Greenland Ice Sheet, and even it was reduced in size substantially from its present exten ...
Can marine cloud brightening reduce coral bleaching?
... 60 cm−3 . For the MCB simulations, the CDNC was given a value of 375 cm−3 at all model levels between 0 and 3 km, which is consistent with the treatment used in Jones et al . (2009, 2011), Latham et al . (2008, 2012a, 2012b) and Parkes et al . (2012). Three simulations were completed to determine th ...
... 60 cm−3 . For the MCB simulations, the CDNC was given a value of 375 cm−3 at all model levels between 0 and 3 km, which is consistent with the treatment used in Jones et al . (2009, 2011), Latham et al . (2008, 2012a, 2012b) and Parkes et al . (2012). Three simulations were completed to determine th ...
Framework Programme on Climate Change Adaptation
... Climate change affects all agricultural sectors in a multitude of ways that vary region by region. For example, it reduces the predictability of seasonal weather patterns and increases the frequency and intensity of severe weather events such as floods, cyclones and hurricanes. Some regions face prol ...
... Climate change affects all agricultural sectors in a multitude of ways that vary region by region. For example, it reduces the predictability of seasonal weather patterns and increases the frequency and intensity of severe weather events such as floods, cyclones and hurricanes. Some regions face prol ...
Attribution of recent climate change
Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent changes observed in the Earth's climate, commonly known as 'global warming'. The effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record, when records are most reliable; particularly in the last 50 years, when human activity has grown fastest and observations of the troposphere have become available. The dominant mechanisms (to which recent climate change has been attributed) are anthropogenic, i.e., the result of human activity. They are: increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases global changes to land surface, such as deforestation increasing atmospheric concentrations of aerosols.There are also natural mechanisms for variation including climate oscillations, changes in solar activity, and volcanic activity.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is ""extremely likely"" that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951 and 2010. The IPCC defines ""extremely likely"" as indicating a probability of 95 to 100%, based on an expert assessment of all the available evidence.Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities: A basic physical understanding of the climate system: greenhouse gas concentrations have increased and their warming properties are well-established. Historical estimates of past climate changes suggest that the recent changes in global surface temperature are unusual. Computer-based climate models are unable to replicate the observed warming unless human greenhouse gas emissions are included. Natural forces alone (such as solar and volcanic activity) cannot explain the observed warming.The IPCC's attribution of recent global warming to human activities is a view shared by most scientists, and is also supported by 196 other scientific organizations worldwide (see also: scientific opinion on climate change).