Future change of the Indian Ocean basin
... Total 20 CGCMs participated in CMIP5 are used in this study. Table 1 lists the model name, institution and horizontal resolution of atmospheric component. Two experiments are investigated. One is the historical run (i.e., the twentieth century run) from 1850 to 2005 and the other is the RCP 4.5 run ...
... Total 20 CGCMs participated in CMIP5 are used in this study. Table 1 lists the model name, institution and horizontal resolution of atmospheric component. Two experiments are investigated. One is the historical run (i.e., the twentieth century run) from 1850 to 2005 and the other is the RCP 4.5 run ...
Identifying Uncertainties in Arctic Climate Predictions
... and the temperature and humidity profiles in the atmosphere. The structures of both profiles are highly seasonal, and changes in the annual mean properties likely stem from a change in seasonality arising from a change in the forcings. The climate system has strong feedbacks with cloud cover control ...
... and the temperature and humidity profiles in the atmosphere. The structures of both profiles are highly seasonal, and changes in the annual mean properties likely stem from a change in seasonality arising from a change in the forcings. The climate system has strong feedbacks with cloud cover control ...
Chapter 6 | Synthesis 6. Synthesis 6.1 Introduction
... a secondary mechanism: facilitation of sea-ice formation, which affects deep-water formation, disturbing the thermohaline circulation. In another sensitivity experiment, the role of the dynamic distribution of ...
... a secondary mechanism: facilitation of sea-ice formation, which affects deep-water formation, disturbing the thermohaline circulation. In another sensitivity experiment, the role of the dynamic distribution of ...
Abstract Key words - OpenDocs Home
... (IPCC) concluded that warming is unequivocal, and “very likely” (with 90%95% probability than the 66%-90% probability in 2001) that warming is due to human activity.32 The effects of climate change include increase in global mean temperature [commonly referred to as global warming], increase in glob ...
... (IPCC) concluded that warming is unequivocal, and “very likely” (with 90%95% probability than the 66%-90% probability in 2001) that warming is due to human activity.32 The effects of climate change include increase in global mean temperature [commonly referred to as global warming], increase in glob ...
Sea-Level Rise Estimates for New Brunswick Municipalities
... Close inspection of the published residual graphs (difference between the observed sea level and the anticipated tides) reveals that a significant number of recorded extreme storm surge events fall within range of the upper 95% confidence limit. This is particularly the case with the Escuminac and S ...
... Close inspection of the published residual graphs (difference between the observed sea level and the anticipated tides) reveals that a significant number of recorded extreme storm surge events fall within range of the upper 95% confidence limit. This is particularly the case with the Escuminac and S ...
City of Tshwane Vulnerability Assessment to Climate Change
... Table 5. The present-day climate of Tshwane: Seasonal and annual totals of rainfall (mm). .............. 32 Table 6. The present-day climate of Tshwane: Seasonal and annual averages for minimum, maximum and mean daily temperatures (°C) over Tshwane. These averages were calculated over the period 196 ...
... Table 5. The present-day climate of Tshwane: Seasonal and annual totals of rainfall (mm). .............. 32 Table 6. The present-day climate of Tshwane: Seasonal and annual averages for minimum, maximum and mean daily temperatures (°C) over Tshwane. These averages were calculated over the period 196 ...
Policy Discourse Analysis: Bangladesh - IIED
... weather events are liable to result in the loss of of climate resilience into the planning processes livelihoods for millions of poor households across the of development sectors (agriculture, forestry), and climate hot spots (Ahmed and Hussain, 2009). implementation of adaptation actions by various ...
... weather events are liable to result in the loss of of climate resilience into the planning processes livelihoods for millions of poor households across the of development sectors (agriculture, forestry), and climate hot spots (Ahmed and Hussain, 2009). implementation of adaptation actions by various ...
Marine climate change impacts
... This presents challenges when trying to identify appropriate management responses as there is a need to attribute any impacts to human activities, natural variability, climate change or a combination of these factors. Within networks: The identification and establishment of marine protected areas in ...
... This presents challenges when trying to identify appropriate management responses as there is a need to attribute any impacts to human activities, natural variability, climate change or a combination of these factors. Within networks: The identification and establishment of marine protected areas in ...
Terrestrial ecosystems response to future changes
... of atmospheric carbon over land is primarily the result of an increase in vegetation biomass. Figure 2 displays the airborne fraction (8A ) of cumulative anthropogenic fossil and LUC emissions Ẽ and the corresponding fraction of emissions taken up by the land (8l ) and the ocean (8O ) over the 2006 ...
... of atmospheric carbon over land is primarily the result of an increase in vegetation biomass. Figure 2 displays the airborne fraction (8A ) of cumulative anthropogenic fossil and LUC emissions Ẽ and the corresponding fraction of emissions taken up by the land (8l ) and the ocean (8O ) over the 2006 ...
Consequences of elevated temperatures on legume biomass
... as these characteristics influence where and when mineral N is obtained. Good matches, however, can be difficult to find, especially when restricted to planted communities like our field experiment. For this reason, we used mean values from the three species above as our reference. Some legume individua ...
... as these characteristics influence where and when mineral N is obtained. Good matches, however, can be difficult to find, especially when restricted to planted communities like our field experiment. For this reason, we used mean values from the three species above as our reference. Some legume individua ...
F-Gas information point
... HFC in some applications can be more important than the impact resulting from the HFC used if it was emitted (which is not necessarily the case). • Energy efficiency improvements from using HFCs and the impact of their use through the lifetime of the equipment should thus be ...
... HFC in some applications can be more important than the impact resulting from the HFC used if it was emitted (which is not necessarily the case). • Energy efficiency improvements from using HFCs and the impact of their use through the lifetime of the equipment should thus be ...
CLIMATE CHANGE 2014 Mitigation of Climate Change USTH scientific seminar 30/03/2015
... IPCC reports are the result of extensive work of many scientists from around the world. 1 Summary for Policymakers ...
... IPCC reports are the result of extensive work of many scientists from around the world. 1 Summary for Policymakers ...
MEXICO CITY´S CLIMATE ACTION PROGRAM Progress
... challenges humanity faces today. The temperature increase of the planet, due to high concentrations of greenhouse gases and compounds emitted by human activities, has caused accelerated global climate change in recent decades, provoking, among other effects, sea level rise and changes in rainfall ca ...
... challenges humanity faces today. The temperature increase of the planet, due to high concentrations of greenhouse gases and compounds emitted by human activities, has caused accelerated global climate change in recent decades, provoking, among other effects, sea level rise and changes in rainfall ca ...
GLOCHAMORE Research Strategy - Mountain Research Initiative
... extent, mountain climates differ from those in nearby lower elevations, as do the essential natural resources, such as water, associated with them.Their verticality also generates tremendous habitat and species diversity over short horizontal distances. Human societies – not only within the mountain ...
... extent, mountain climates differ from those in nearby lower elevations, as do the essential natural resources, such as water, associated with them.Their verticality also generates tremendous habitat and species diversity over short horizontal distances. Human societies – not only within the mountain ...
CSC Report_Laura Roth_geändert 07.04
... Climate change is one of the most tremendous environmental problems that the world is facing nowadays. Scientific evidence shows unequivocally that the climate system is warming (IPCC, 2007a). The impacts of climate change are already beginning to be experienced and no country or region of the world ...
... Climate change is one of the most tremendous environmental problems that the world is facing nowadays. Scientific evidence shows unequivocally that the climate system is warming (IPCC, 2007a). The impacts of climate change are already beginning to be experienced and no country or region of the world ...
Innovations LIVE - Inter-American Development Bank
... This spurs innovation among different de- The program mainstreams sustainability crivelopers, which can experiment with biocli- teria in the housing industry by the deploymatic design, architecture that is connected ment of low-carbon housing with financing to nature, different technologies and buil ...
... This spurs innovation among different de- The program mainstreams sustainability crivelopers, which can experiment with biocli- teria in the housing industry by the deploymatic design, architecture that is connected ment of low-carbon housing with financing to nature, different technologies and buil ...
The Climate-Environment-Society Nexus in the
... T H E JOU R N AL O F N O R T H AF R I C AN S T U D IE S ...
... T H E JOU R N AL O F N O R T H AF R I C AN S T U D IE S ...
Climate Change Impacts and Risk Management
... warmer than at the beginning of the 20th Century, with global temperatures having increased by around 0.6˚C; > it is likely that 1990-1999 was the warmest decade in the last 1,000 years, at least in the Northern Hemisphere; > most of the observed warming in the last 50 years is attributable to human ...
... warmer than at the beginning of the 20th Century, with global temperatures having increased by around 0.6˚C; > it is likely that 1990-1999 was the warmest decade in the last 1,000 years, at least in the Northern Hemisphere; > most of the observed warming in the last 50 years is attributable to human ...
Citizen Climate Lesson Plans Grades 9–12
... people understand that human actions are contributing to increased levels of greenhouse gasses. ...
... people understand that human actions are contributing to increased levels of greenhouse gasses. ...
Climate Change: Mastering the Public Health Role
... sulphate aerosols, do the opposite. Greenhouse gases trap heat in the atmosphere and warm the Earth. Without this effect, temperatures would plunge and render the planet uninhabitable. While some greenhouse gases occur naturally, human activities are amplifying the natural greenhouse effect and impa ...
... sulphate aerosols, do the opposite. Greenhouse gases trap heat in the atmosphere and warm the Earth. Without this effect, temperatures would plunge and render the planet uninhabitable. While some greenhouse gases occur naturally, human activities are amplifying the natural greenhouse effect and impa ...
The Gap of Climate Adaptation Development of the Spatial Planning
... planning policies and strategies can trigger adaptation action across all sectors and geographic regions. 2.2.1 Defining adaptation IPCC Assessment defines adaptation as "Adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climatic stimuli or their effects, which moderates harm ...
... planning policies and strategies can trigger adaptation action across all sectors and geographic regions. 2.2.1 Defining adaptation IPCC Assessment defines adaptation as "Adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climatic stimuli or their effects, which moderates harm ...
The Economic Cost of Climate Change in Africa
... Below is a short introduction to this report’s main findings and recommendations. ...
... Below is a short introduction to this report’s main findings and recommendations. ...
Attribution of recent climate change
Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent changes observed in the Earth's climate, commonly known as 'global warming'. The effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record, when records are most reliable; particularly in the last 50 years, when human activity has grown fastest and observations of the troposphere have become available. The dominant mechanisms (to which recent climate change has been attributed) are anthropogenic, i.e., the result of human activity. They are: increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases global changes to land surface, such as deforestation increasing atmospheric concentrations of aerosols.There are also natural mechanisms for variation including climate oscillations, changes in solar activity, and volcanic activity.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is ""extremely likely"" that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951 and 2010. The IPCC defines ""extremely likely"" as indicating a probability of 95 to 100%, based on an expert assessment of all the available evidence.Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities: A basic physical understanding of the climate system: greenhouse gas concentrations have increased and their warming properties are well-established. Historical estimates of past climate changes suggest that the recent changes in global surface temperature are unusual. Computer-based climate models are unable to replicate the observed warming unless human greenhouse gas emissions are included. Natural forces alone (such as solar and volcanic activity) cannot explain the observed warming.The IPCC's attribution of recent global warming to human activities is a view shared by most scientists, and is also supported by 196 other scientific organizations worldwide (see also: scientific opinion on climate change).