Trophic niche partitioning between two native and two exotic
... species are generalist carnivores, which coexist and potentially compete with native species, the goal of this study was to investigate if the partitioning in species realized niche occurs at the trophic level. In order to test this hypothesis, we studied the diet of two native carnivores: red fox, ...
... species are generalist carnivores, which coexist and potentially compete with native species, the goal of this study was to investigate if the partitioning in species realized niche occurs at the trophic level. In order to test this hypothesis, we studied the diet of two native carnivores: red fox, ...
2. Maintaining mechanisms of biodiversity
... Phenomena in which several species have influenced each other’s survival and reproduction in the process of evolution. Cospeciation In the process of evolution, several species have influenced each other’s survival and reproduction, then synchronously produce new species. General flowering Flowering ...
... Phenomena in which several species have influenced each other’s survival and reproduction in the process of evolution. Cospeciation In the process of evolution, several species have influenced each other’s survival and reproduction, then synchronously produce new species. General flowering Flowering ...
Forest disturbance and pollination of a keystone species in a
... Our previous work in the same site had shown that the flowers of Cullenia exarillata requires pollinators for fruit set and how forest disturbance could substantially affect fruit production during certain years but not across all years. In this study we extend the effect to the fragments and see if ...
... Our previous work in the same site had shown that the flowers of Cullenia exarillata requires pollinators for fruit set and how forest disturbance could substantially affect fruit production during certain years but not across all years. In this study we extend the effect to the fragments and see if ...
Dissecting the evolutionary impacts of plant invasions: bugs and
... novel plants may function as ‘evolutionary traps’ that depress survival or reproduction. Such traps produce signals releasing normally adaptive behavioral responses in novel or significantly altered settings (Schlaepfer et al., 2005). Traps that are difficult to escape may exert strong selection on ...
... novel plants may function as ‘evolutionary traps’ that depress survival or reproduction. Such traps produce signals releasing normally adaptive behavioral responses in novel or significantly altered settings (Schlaepfer et al., 2005). Traps that are difficult to escape may exert strong selection on ...
Host ontogeny and the temporal decay of similarity in parasite
... Similarity in parasite communities was computed (i) among all possible pairs of individual fish within the same size class, and (ii) among all possible pairs of size classes within a fish species. Two indices of similarity were used: the Jaccard index and the BrayCurtis index (Magurran, 1988). The Jac ...
... Similarity in parasite communities was computed (i) among all possible pairs of individual fish within the same size class, and (ii) among all possible pairs of size classes within a fish species. Two indices of similarity were used: the Jaccard index and the BrayCurtis index (Magurran, 1988). The Jac ...
Commensalism
... A. They allow the kelp to obtain more salt from the water. B. They prevent the kelp from breaking during a storm. C. They allow kelp leaves to receive greater amounts of sunlight. D. They provide the kelp with protection from herbivores. ...
... A. They allow the kelp to obtain more salt from the water. B. They prevent the kelp from breaking during a storm. C. They allow kelp leaves to receive greater amounts of sunlight. D. They provide the kelp with protection from herbivores. ...
taraxacum officinale pollen depresses seed set of montane
... days, to ensure the plant was not pollinated in the event that the straw was dislodged. Due to the below freezing temperatures at night, plants were covered using inverted Styrofoam drinking cups. These cups were secured by piercing them with pin flags. The cups were removed early in the mornings an ...
... days, to ensure the plant was not pollinated in the event that the straw was dislodged. Due to the below freezing temperatures at night, plants were covered using inverted Styrofoam drinking cups. These cups were secured by piercing them with pin flags. The cups were removed early in the mornings an ...
Species Interact in Five Major Ways Most Species Compete with
... • A population exceeds the area’s carrying capacity • Reproductive time lag may lead to overshoot • Population crash Population crash ...
... • A population exceeds the area’s carrying capacity • Reproductive time lag may lead to overshoot • Population crash Population crash ...
The Great Spruce Bark Beetle (Dendroctonus micans) is important
... ant species are only facultative predators or opportunists. Even some of them, which have high body volume that enabled them to prey on arthropods – this is the case of Carpenter ants (Camponotus spp.). They are foragers that typically eat parts of other dead insects or substances derived from other ...
... ant species are only facultative predators or opportunists. Even some of them, which have high body volume that enabled them to prey on arthropods – this is the case of Carpenter ants (Camponotus spp.). They are foragers that typically eat parts of other dead insects or substances derived from other ...
Ecological traits affect the sensitivity of bees to land‐use pressures
... Data were sought from published comparisons where bee abundance and occurrence were sampled in multiple sites within agricultural landscapes. Papers based on potentially suitable data were identified by systematically searching Web of Science during 2011–2012 (Table S1.1, Supporting Information), se ...
... Data were sought from published comparisons where bee abundance and occurrence were sampled in multiple sites within agricultural landscapes. Papers based on potentially suitable data were identified by systematically searching Web of Science during 2011–2012 (Table S1.1, Supporting Information), se ...
General Lesson Plan Template - California Academy of Sciences
... Advantages of Complete Metamorphosis There are an unbelievable number of insects out there. They occupy every niche on land known to man. This means that competition between and within species is often very high. Thus, the greater the difference in habits and habitats a species utilizes, the greater ...
... Advantages of Complete Metamorphosis There are an unbelievable number of insects out there. They occupy every niche on land known to man. This means that competition between and within species is often very high. Thus, the greater the difference in habits and habitats a species utilizes, the greater ...
level demographic consequences of urbanization: an ecological
... prey standpoint of greatest interest to us, a more nested community should facilitate search efforts of predators given that certain plant–bird associations will be common to many, if not most, communities. Modularity is a measure of how compartmentalized the network structure is in relation to a ra ...
... prey standpoint of greatest interest to us, a more nested community should facilitate search efforts of predators given that certain plant–bird associations will be common to many, if not most, communities. Modularity is a measure of how compartmentalized the network structure is in relation to a ra ...
1. What did recursion recurse?
... Such particulate units must also have been symbolic. ACS units are, almost without exception, indexical: they point to an existing state of affairs (“I am angry”, “I want to mate with you”, “Get out of my territory!” or whatever) or an object located within the sensory field (“Here’s food of type X” ...
... Such particulate units must also have been symbolic. ACS units are, almost without exception, indexical: they point to an existing state of affairs (“I am angry”, “I want to mate with you”, “Get out of my territory!” or whatever) or an object located within the sensory field (“Here’s food of type X” ...
Punctuated equlibrium and paleontology (PDF file)
... selection (as much research now shows), then they can randomly mutate without being weeded out. Ultimately, this random walk of mutation (or "genetic drift") can produce something which may have a selective advantage--or may be deleterious. Either way, it has a much better chance of becoming dominan ...
... selection (as much research now shows), then they can randomly mutate without being weeded out. Ultimately, this random walk of mutation (or "genetic drift") can produce something which may have a selective advantage--or may be deleterious. Either way, it has a much better chance of becoming dominan ...
Patterns in species richness
... • Fig. 20.21 Patterns in taxon richness through the fossil record. ...
... • Fig. 20.21 Patterns in taxon richness through the fossil record. ...
Bio 4.2
... If an area is too hot and dry, or too cold for too long, most amphibians cannot survive. ...
... If an area is too hot and dry, or too cold for too long, most amphibians cannot survive. ...
UVB tailors spider glue strength Muscle powers caddis fly take-offs
... Back in the laboratory, Stellwagen extracted lengths of sticky spiral silk and exposed them to doses of UVB radiation (for 1–4 h). Photographing the glue droplets, Stellwagen compared the volume before and after UVB exposure to find out if the radiation had damaged the small molecules in the glue th ...
... Back in the laboratory, Stellwagen extracted lengths of sticky spiral silk and exposed them to doses of UVB radiation (for 1–4 h). Photographing the glue droplets, Stellwagen compared the volume before and after UVB exposure to find out if the radiation had damaged the small molecules in the glue th ...
This is
... Crustaceans have more pairs of antennae than any other arthropods. This is the number of pairs they have. ...
... Crustaceans have more pairs of antennae than any other arthropods. This is the number of pairs they have. ...
How Do Insects Survive - Granny`s Garden School
... Compound eyes have many hexagonal lenses. This gives insects a wider field of vision to spot movement easily. Compound eyes do not see multiples of the same image, but instead the many lenses bring together a single, blurred image. Simple eyes only sense light. Larvae only have simple eyes. Dependin ...
... Compound eyes have many hexagonal lenses. This gives insects a wider field of vision to spot movement easily. Compound eyes do not see multiples of the same image, but instead the many lenses bring together a single, blurred image. Simple eyes only sense light. Larvae only have simple eyes. Dependin ...
Lesson Overview - science-b
... If an area is too hot and dry, or too cold for too long, most amphibians cannot survive. ...
... If an area is too hot and dry, or too cold for too long, most amphibians cannot survive. ...
... Scartichthys species are distributed along the South American Pacific coast. It is known that insular systems have lower species diversity than habitats from continental systems. This observation has been based on the hypothesis that the colonization of an island by new species depends on the distan ...
Chapter 10 The Theory of Evolution Worksheets
... _____ 1. As recently as 200 years ago, many people believed that Earth was only 6,000 years old. _____ 2. Artificial selection occurs when nature selects for beneficial traits. _____ 3. The individual Galápagos Islands are all similar to each other. _____ 4. Malthus argued that human populations grow ...
... _____ 1. As recently as 200 years ago, many people believed that Earth was only 6,000 years old. _____ 2. Artificial selection occurs when nature selects for beneficial traits. _____ 3. The individual Galápagos Islands are all similar to each other. _____ 4. Malthus argued that human populations grow ...
Seeing is believing: information content and behavioural response
... information. We model information acquisition as a Bayesian-like process. Upon approaching a flower, bees have a prior expectation that the flower harbours a predator. This prior expectation depends on the abundance of predators in the environment. Information is updated during flower examination, l ...
... information. We model information acquisition as a Bayesian-like process. Upon approaching a flower, bees have a prior expectation that the flower harbours a predator. This prior expectation depends on the abundance of predators in the environment. Information is updated during flower examination, l ...
1 From plants to communities - Biology Department | UNC Chapel Hill
... reproduction it is clear what an individual is. In vegetatively-reproducing plants with ramets ...
... reproduction it is clear what an individual is. In vegetatively-reproducing plants with ramets ...
Coevolution
In biology, coevolution is ""the change of a biological object triggered by the change of a related object"". In other words, when changes in at least two species' genetic compositions reciprocally affect each other’s evolution, coevolution has occurred.There is evidence for coevolution at the level of populations and species. Charles Darwin briefly described the concept of coevolution in On the Origin of Species (1859) and developed it in detail in Fertilisation of Orchids (1862). It is likely that viruses and their hosts coevolve in various scenarios.However, there is little evidence of coevolution driving large-scale changes in Earth's history, since abiotic factors such as mass extinction and expansion into ecospaces seem to guide the shifts in the abundance of major groups. One proposed specific example was the evolution of high-crowned teeth in grazers when grasslands spread through North America - long held up as an example of coevolution. We now know that these events happened independently.Coevolution can occur at many biological levels: it can be as microscopic as correlated mutations between amino acids in a protein or as macroscopic as covarying traits between different species in an environment. Each party in a coevolutionary relationship exerts selective pressures on the other, thereby affecting each other's evolution. Coevolution of different species includes the evolution of a host species and its parasites (host–parasite coevolution), and examples of mutualism evolving through time. Evolution in response to abiotic factors, such as climate change, is not biological coevolution (since climate is not alive and does not undergo biological evolution).The general conclusion is that coevolution may be responsible for much of the genetic diversity seen in normal populations including: blood-plasma polymorphism, protein polymorphism, histocompatibility systems, etc.The parasite/host relationship probably drove the prevalence of sexual reproduction over the more efficient asexual reproduction. It seems that when a parasite infects a host, sexual reproduction affords a better chance of developing resistance (through variation in the next generation), giving sexual reproduction viability for fitness not seen in the asexual reproduction, which produces another generation of the organism susceptible to infection by the same parasite.Coevolution is primarily a biological concept, but researchers have applied it by analogy to fields such as computer science, sociology / international political economy and astronomy.