Insects Living With Ants!
... myrmecophiles receive their constant attendence. In fact adult females of obligative myrmecophilous Lycaenids lay their eggs only in the vicinity of ants. Ants may carry Lycaenid eggs or larvae to their nests where they complete their life cycle. Ants are also known to construct shelters for their w ...
... myrmecophiles receive their constant attendence. In fact adult females of obligative myrmecophilous Lycaenids lay their eggs only in the vicinity of ants. Ants may carry Lycaenid eggs or larvae to their nests where they complete their life cycle. Ants are also known to construct shelters for their w ...
Chapter 18 Success factors in the establishment of human
... Compelling data that either support or refute the various characteristics proposed for successful invaders or vulnerable environments have been difficult to come by, leading some workers to suggest that the search for broad, predictive characteristics may be futile (Simberloff 1986, 1989; Williamson ...
... Compelling data that either support or refute the various characteristics proposed for successful invaders or vulnerable environments have been difficult to come by, leading some workers to suggest that the search for broad, predictive characteristics may be futile (Simberloff 1986, 1989; Williamson ...
Bumblebees
... bumblebees specialising in deep-nectary flowers. Shrill carder bumblebee, Bombus sylvarum. Has undergone a rapid decline and is now largely confined to only 5 remaining meta-populations. Brown-banded carder bee, Bombus humilis. Now it is mainly coastal in southwest England and south Wales. It also o ...
... bumblebees specialising in deep-nectary flowers. Shrill carder bumblebee, Bombus sylvarum. Has undergone a rapid decline and is now largely confined to only 5 remaining meta-populations. Brown-banded carder bee, Bombus humilis. Now it is mainly coastal in southwest England and south Wales. It also o ...
Document
... drought, precipitation and wind velocity -- from all 50 states in combination with the 11 years of public opinion data. "This gives us the pulse of the nation," said MarquartPyatt. While advocates of global warming reduction efforts hope that experience with a changing climate will eventually convin ...
... drought, precipitation and wind velocity -- from all 50 states in combination with the 11 years of public opinion data. "This gives us the pulse of the nation," said MarquartPyatt. While advocates of global warming reduction efforts hope that experience with a changing climate will eventually convin ...
Intercropping, Crop Diversity and Pest Management1
... pest populations, increased densities of beneficial insects, and improvement in soil texture and structure because of the organic matter added to the soil (Frank and Liburd 2005, Nyoike and Liburd 2010). Nyoike and Liburd (2010) reported higher populations of beneficial insects when buckwheat was in ...
... pest populations, increased densities of beneficial insects, and improvement in soil texture and structure because of the organic matter added to the soil (Frank and Liburd 2005, Nyoike and Liburd 2010). Nyoike and Liburd (2010) reported higher populations of beneficial insects when buckwheat was in ...
anthocharis (pieridae)
... at Gates. The number of plants was reduced, and only seven "large" plants could be found. Faced with this highly atypical host distribution, A. sara found only 33% of the plants-but its egg distribution did not change significantly (.500> P> .250) (Table 2). P. napi was virtually absent in 1977 (onl ...
... at Gates. The number of plants was reduced, and only seven "large" plants could be found. Faced with this highly atypical host distribution, A. sara found only 33% of the plants-but its egg distribution did not change significantly (.500> P> .250) (Table 2). P. napi was virtually absent in 1977 (onl ...
EVOLUTIONARY DYNAMICS OF MUTUALISM: THE ROLE OF
... and coevolution. The analysis demonstrates that extinction of the exploiter or other all three species is most frequently a consequence of host over-exploitation by the mutualist, rather than the exploiter species. However, the chances of extinction can be decreased by the effectiveness of plant def ...
... and coevolution. The analysis demonstrates that extinction of the exploiter or other all three species is most frequently a consequence of host over-exploitation by the mutualist, rather than the exploiter species. However, the chances of extinction can be decreased by the effectiveness of plant def ...
What constrains the geographic and host range of the Emily Boone
... States north to South Carolina (Eldridge and Waltz, 1977, as cited in Shields and Overstreet, in press). It is unclear what biological or physical mechanisms prevent the parasite from naturally expanding its range. In fact, very little is known about the mechanisms that are used by the parasite to l ...
... States north to South Carolina (Eldridge and Waltz, 1977, as cited in Shields and Overstreet, in press). It is unclear what biological or physical mechanisms prevent the parasite from naturally expanding its range. In fact, very little is known about the mechanisms that are used by the parasite to l ...
Bug Images - Museums Victoria
... Chiton is covered in a thin layer of wax. This waterproofs the insects (like a raincoat) and also stops them from losing water from their bodies. It also helps to protect them from predators. An exoskeleton is like body armour. Bugs are always under attack so armour-plating and sharp spikes and spin ...
... Chiton is covered in a thin layer of wax. This waterproofs the insects (like a raincoat) and also stops them from losing water from their bodies. It also helps to protect them from predators. An exoskeleton is like body armour. Bugs are always under attack so armour-plating and sharp spikes and spin ...
MillerLevine4_2_Rev1_Notes - Bloomsburg Area School District
... If an area is too hot and dry, or too cold for too long, most amphibians cannot survive. ...
... If an area is too hot and dry, or too cold for too long, most amphibians cannot survive. ...
Return of an Icon - Canadian Bison Association
... beetles, at the tunnel entrance, allows chicks the ability to hunt near safety. Burrows with dung have over 75% more insect biomass than those without dung. Dung in and around the burrow informs other owls that this tunnel is occupied – go somewhere else. ...
... beetles, at the tunnel entrance, allows chicks the ability to hunt near safety. Burrows with dung have over 75% more insect biomass than those without dung. Dung in and around the burrow informs other owls that this tunnel is occupied – go somewhere else. ...
BUTTERFLY GARDEN
... and moths originated when flowering plants were beginning to proliferate and have developed in close association with them. Caddisflies (Trichoptera), the most closely related group of insects to butterflies, are believed to have originated about 250 million years ago, but transitional forms have no ...
... and moths originated when flowering plants were beginning to proliferate and have developed in close association with them. Caddisflies (Trichoptera), the most closely related group of insects to butterflies, are believed to have originated about 250 million years ago, but transitional forms have no ...
Winter - Long Island Botanical Society
... this, as an island, Long Island is a contained system, with threatened than those within New York City where many of finite resources. The loss of species locally may mean their the debates about conservation efforts and proper land use permanent loss unless seeds or other means of reintroduction ha ...
... this, as an island, Long Island is a contained system, with threatened than those within New York City where many of finite resources. The loss of species locally may mean their the debates about conservation efforts and proper land use permanent loss unless seeds or other means of reintroduction ha ...
Patriotic Gardens: Red, White, and Blue Native Plants
... Planning, and Design A benefit of designing with native plants is their ability to grow under a wide variety of conditions. Assess your site for sun, shade, soil type, and drainage. Understand the minimum and maximum light and moisture requirements for each species and be sure to group them accordin ...
... Planning, and Design A benefit of designing with native plants is their ability to grow under a wide variety of conditions. Assess your site for sun, shade, soil type, and drainage. Understand the minimum and maximum light and moisture requirements for each species and be sure to group them accordin ...
Nutrient enrichment and food chains: can evolution buffer top
... herbivore evolution, plant evolution, or both. When only herbivores are allowed to evolve, the predictions are similar to those of the ecological model without evolution, i.e., plant biomass does not change with nutrient addition. When only plants evolve, nutrient enrichment leads to an increase in ...
... herbivore evolution, plant evolution, or both. When only herbivores are allowed to evolve, the predictions are similar to those of the ecological model without evolution, i.e., plant biomass does not change with nutrient addition. When only plants evolve, nutrient enrichment leads to an increase in ...
How do native species respond to invaders? Mechanistic and trait
... thereby potentially increasing the rapidity of evolutionary change and releasing them from the trap (e.g. adoption of a new host) (Fig. 3e). Interactions of plastic and evolutionary changes As phenotypic plasticity and evolutionary responses are not mutually exclusive, there has been some interest i ...
... thereby potentially increasing the rapidity of evolutionary change and releasing them from the trap (e.g. adoption of a new host) (Fig. 3e). Interactions of plastic and evolutionary changes As phenotypic plasticity and evolutionary responses are not mutually exclusive, there has been some interest i ...
From Stephen Jay Gould, The Panda`s Thumb I. The Panda`s Thumb
... (see his Triumph of the Darwinian Method), has correctly identified the treatise on orchids as an important episode in Darwin's campaign for evolution. Darwin begins his orchid book with an important evolutionary premise: continued selffertilization is a poor strategy for long-term survival, since o ...
... (see his Triumph of the Darwinian Method), has correctly identified the treatise on orchids as an important episode in Darwin's campaign for evolution. Darwin begins his orchid book with an important evolutionary premise: continued selffertilization is a poor strategy for long-term survival, since o ...
The role of pollinators in floral diversification in a clade of generalist
... bauplan typical of most members of Brassicaceae, their flowers vary in shape, color and size (Fig. 1). In addition, despite being pollinated by a diverse assemblage of insects, Erysimum species differ in the relative frequency of interactions with different pollinator functional groups (Gómez et al ...
... bauplan typical of most members of Brassicaceae, their flowers vary in shape, color and size (Fig. 1). In addition, despite being pollinated by a diverse assemblage of insects, Erysimum species differ in the relative frequency of interactions with different pollinator functional groups (Gómez et al ...
Absence of phylogenetic signal in the niche structure of meadow
... Why should the traits that determine a niches be less conservative in their evolution than those that determine b niches? We propose that the reason lies in the hierarchical nature of community assembly. A plant’s b niche defines the habitat or habitats in which it can survive. Habitats differ from ...
... Why should the traits that determine a niches be less conservative in their evolution than those that determine b niches? We propose that the reason lies in the hierarchical nature of community assembly. A plant’s b niche defines the habitat or habitats in which it can survive. Habitats differ from ...
Limitations on reproductive success in endemic Aquilegia
... on 4355¢N, 335¢E) with same Mediterranean mesoclimate. Herbivore exclusion We conducted herbivore exclusion experiments in each population from April to July 2000 and 2001. In all sites, the guild of herbivores observed on the two Aquilegia species included insects feeding on flowers and leaves, se ...
... on 4355¢N, 335¢E) with same Mediterranean mesoclimate. Herbivore exclusion We conducted herbivore exclusion experiments in each population from April to July 2000 and 2001. In all sites, the guild of herbivores observed on the two Aquilegia species included insects feeding on flowers and leaves, se ...
LOTPL_MWRA - University of Massachusetts Boston
... How dependent are these organisms on Purple Loosestrife? What role do these organisms play in the spread of Purple Loosestrife? ...
... How dependent are these organisms on Purple Loosestrife? What role do these organisms play in the spread of Purple Loosestrife? ...
Few Ant Species Play a Central Role Linking Different Plant
... data [7], and using simulation models to understand interactions structure [8,9]. To our knowledge, only one empirical study has explored how certain species have dual roles, acting both as seed dispersers, as seed predators in a network [10]. This dominant approach hinders further developments [11] ...
... data [7], and using simulation models to understand interactions structure [8,9]. To our knowledge, only one empirical study has explored how certain species have dual roles, acting both as seed dispersers, as seed predators in a network [10]. This dominant approach hinders further developments [11] ...
Host Plant Utilization by Grasshoppers
... Host plant use by 31 species of grasshoppers from a sandhills prairie was determined; gut analysis was used to determine diet. In the composite diet for all species, forbs constituted 37.2% of the total, grasses and sedges contributed 58% and insects made up 4.8% of the diet. Compared to the plants ...
... Host plant use by 31 species of grasshoppers from a sandhills prairie was determined; gut analysis was used to determine diet. In the composite diet for all species, forbs constituted 37.2% of the total, grasses and sedges contributed 58% and insects made up 4.8% of the diet. Compared to the plants ...
91: 3656-3663
... Abstract. Facilitation and competition are ecological interactions that are crucial for the organization of plant communities. Facilitative interactions tend to occur among distantly related species, while the strength of competition tends to decrease with phylogenetic distance. The balance between ...
... Abstract. Facilitation and competition are ecological interactions that are crucial for the organization of plant communities. Facilitative interactions tend to occur among distantly related species, while the strength of competition tends to decrease with phylogenetic distance. The balance between ...
Study of fragmented fossil diatoms using an invariant
... and of 0.43 0.01 were for channels red, green and blue respectively, when the filter Hl was correlated with all the other five parasite species (Fig. 4a, 4b and 4c). These values were separated from the correlation values obtained for other species. In figures 4d, 4e and 4f the correlation values ob ...
... and of 0.43 0.01 were for channels red, green and blue respectively, when the filter Hl was correlated with all the other five parasite species (Fig. 4a, 4b and 4c). These values were separated from the correlation values obtained for other species. In figures 4d, 4e and 4f the correlation values ob ...
Coevolution
In biology, coevolution is ""the change of a biological object triggered by the change of a related object"". In other words, when changes in at least two species' genetic compositions reciprocally affect each other’s evolution, coevolution has occurred.There is evidence for coevolution at the level of populations and species. Charles Darwin briefly described the concept of coevolution in On the Origin of Species (1859) and developed it in detail in Fertilisation of Orchids (1862). It is likely that viruses and their hosts coevolve in various scenarios.However, there is little evidence of coevolution driving large-scale changes in Earth's history, since abiotic factors such as mass extinction and expansion into ecospaces seem to guide the shifts in the abundance of major groups. One proposed specific example was the evolution of high-crowned teeth in grazers when grasslands spread through North America - long held up as an example of coevolution. We now know that these events happened independently.Coevolution can occur at many biological levels: it can be as microscopic as correlated mutations between amino acids in a protein or as macroscopic as covarying traits between different species in an environment. Each party in a coevolutionary relationship exerts selective pressures on the other, thereby affecting each other's evolution. Coevolution of different species includes the evolution of a host species and its parasites (host–parasite coevolution), and examples of mutualism evolving through time. Evolution in response to abiotic factors, such as climate change, is not biological coevolution (since climate is not alive and does not undergo biological evolution).The general conclusion is that coevolution may be responsible for much of the genetic diversity seen in normal populations including: blood-plasma polymorphism, protein polymorphism, histocompatibility systems, etc.The parasite/host relationship probably drove the prevalence of sexual reproduction over the more efficient asexual reproduction. It seems that when a parasite infects a host, sexual reproduction affords a better chance of developing resistance (through variation in the next generation), giving sexual reproduction viability for fitness not seen in the asexual reproduction, which produces another generation of the organism susceptible to infection by the same parasite.Coevolution is primarily a biological concept, but researchers have applied it by analogy to fields such as computer science, sociology / international political economy and astronomy.