IMMATURE STAGES OF AcTINOTE zIkANI
... in the laboratory emerged in July, almost four months before the flight period in the field, which occurs in November (Francini et al. 2005). Even considering that larvae were reared in a much warmer environment, the effects were much more pronounced than those observed in A. quadra for example, who ...
... in the laboratory emerged in July, almost four months before the flight period in the field, which occurs in November (Francini et al. 2005). Even considering that larvae were reared in a much warmer environment, the effects were much more pronounced than those observed in A. quadra for example, who ...
Listening when there is no sexual signalling? Maintenance of
... reduced or disappear completely, a process called vestigialization. Vestigialization is a widespread phenomenon that highlights the importance of natural selection for the maintenance of adaptive traits (Fong et al. 1995; Porter and Crandall 2003). Vestigialization could proceed more quickly if trai ...
... reduced or disappear completely, a process called vestigialization. Vestigialization is a widespread phenomenon that highlights the importance of natural selection for the maintenance of adaptive traits (Fong et al. 1995; Porter and Crandall 2003). Vestigialization could proceed more quickly if trai ...
Ecosystem Evolution and Conservation
... operates? Traditionally, evolutionists considered these constraints to arise internally, such as from allocations among competing physiological needs. However, feedbacks via ecosystem processes can also act as constraints, and can channel selection in directions that are different from those expecte ...
... operates? Traditionally, evolutionists considered these constraints to arise internally, such as from allocations among competing physiological needs. However, feedbacks via ecosystem processes can also act as constraints, and can channel selection in directions that are different from those expecte ...
Interactions between species and the structure of helminth
... species interactions that are observable in concomitant infections. These are responses occurring on short ecological time scales and best measured in experimental studies, although they can also be documented from natural infections. First, a change in the infrapopulation size of one parasite speci ...
... species interactions that are observable in concomitant infections. These are responses occurring on short ecological time scales and best measured in experimental studies, although they can also be documented from natural infections. First, a change in the infrapopulation size of one parasite speci ...
The interplay of pollinator diversity, pollination services
... landscape-based research on pollinators and plant–pollinator interactions over the last decade. However, to understand and counteract the ongoing declines of pollinators and insectpollinated plant species more comprehensively (Biesmeijer et al. 2006), future studies should build on this progress to ...
... landscape-based research on pollinators and plant–pollinator interactions over the last decade. However, to understand and counteract the ongoing declines of pollinators and insectpollinated plant species more comprehensively (Biesmeijer et al. 2006), future studies should build on this progress to ...
Angiosperm Reproduction Questions
... d. Female gametophytes develop egg cells, which are fertilized within an ovule that will become a seed. e. Endosperm forms a protective seed coat. What is typically the result of double fertilization in angiosperms? a. The endosperm develops into a diploid nutrient tissue. b. A triploid zygote is fo ...
... d. Female gametophytes develop egg cells, which are fertilized within an ovule that will become a seed. e. Endosperm forms a protective seed coat. What is typically the result of double fertilization in angiosperms? a. The endosperm develops into a diploid nutrient tissue. b. A triploid zygote is fo ...
270-275 - University of Oklahoma
... competition and predation and the exploitation of new niches (Romero and Green, 2005); however, very few tests of these ideas have thus far been published. Another potential advantage of living in an extreme habitat that has received no attention so far is that such habitats may act as ‘‘refuge’’ fr ...
... competition and predation and the exploitation of new niches (Romero and Green, 2005); however, very few tests of these ideas have thus far been published. Another potential advantage of living in an extreme habitat that has received no attention so far is that such habitats may act as ‘‘refuge’’ fr ...
1. 植物 苔 Ice nucleation captures water: lichen Fungus provides UV
... Pollen fastens to a bee's head: orchids Flowers increase pollen transfer: orchids More successful pollination: orchids Sticky hairs capture insects: Roridula plant Leaves change colors under different lighting: Selaginella ferns Burning stimulates flowering: grass trees Optimizing size aids survival ...
... Pollen fastens to a bee's head: orchids Flowers increase pollen transfer: orchids More successful pollination: orchids Sticky hairs capture insects: Roridula plant Leaves change colors under different lighting: Selaginella ferns Burning stimulates flowering: grass trees Optimizing size aids survival ...
Basic Concepts
... billion. Whatever the exact numbers be, the fact remains that all species are unique in their structure and functions and they live in different ecozones of the world, each one is suitably adapted to the habitat it dwells. Of all structural and physiological adaptations, the most important being the ...
... billion. Whatever the exact numbers be, the fact remains that all species are unique in their structure and functions and they live in different ecozones of the world, each one is suitably adapted to the habitat it dwells. Of all structural and physiological adaptations, the most important being the ...
Roles of parasites in animal invasions
... resources in a similar way [52]. Such mutual predators are not necessarily taxonomically related, but often are. Thus, a propensity for cannibalism is often associated with species engaging in IGP. Invasional meltdown: the invasional meltdown model [8] suggests that frequent species introductions ge ...
... resources in a similar way [52]. Such mutual predators are not necessarily taxonomically related, but often are. Thus, a propensity for cannibalism is often associated with species engaging in IGP. Invasional meltdown: the invasional meltdown model [8] suggests that frequent species introductions ge ...
Invertebrate Identification Guide
... • A diverse group of wasps called ‘parasitoids’ reproduce by laying their eggs inside living invertebrates. Buzzing about bees? Visit the Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society website www.bwars.com ...
... • A diverse group of wasps called ‘parasitoids’ reproduce by laying their eggs inside living invertebrates. Buzzing about bees? Visit the Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society website www.bwars.com ...
Insects Glossary - of files.esd189.org
... Mosquito A two-winged insect that sucks blood from other organisms. (TG) Moth A winged insect with hairlike antennae, stout bodies and mostly flies at night. (TG) Mulberry leaves The food that silkworms eat, which comes from the mulberry tree. (TG) Nectar A fluid from flowers that butterflies sip fo ...
... Mosquito A two-winged insect that sucks blood from other organisms. (TG) Moth A winged insect with hairlike antennae, stout bodies and mostly flies at night. (TG) Mulberry leaves The food that silkworms eat, which comes from the mulberry tree. (TG) Nectar A fluid from flowers that butterflies sip fo ...
Geographic and taxonomic distribution of a positive interaction: ant
... ®cial wasps (pollinators) emerging from ®gs. We selected between one and ®ve branch pairs with young, pre-pollinated ®gs on each of ®ve F. sur trees at sites in and around Grahamstown, South Africa. In total, our analysis is based on data from 24 branches. Throughout the course of this experiment, P ...
... ®cial wasps (pollinators) emerging from ®gs. We selected between one and ®ve branch pairs with young, pre-pollinated ®gs on each of ®ve F. sur trees at sites in and around Grahamstown, South Africa. In total, our analysis is based on data from 24 branches. Throughout the course of this experiment, P ...
Insect conservation in an urban biodiversity hotspot: The San
... which urbanization and human activity in urban areas affect the quality of habitat remnants or the probability of successful dispersal between habitat remnants while surrounded by a matrix of urban land. Changes in habitat quality could be manifested as altered hostplant quality, soil attributes, mi ...
... which urbanization and human activity in urban areas affect the quality of habitat remnants or the probability of successful dispersal between habitat remnants while surrounded by a matrix of urban land. Changes in habitat quality could be manifested as altered hostplant quality, soil attributes, mi ...
Powerpoint
... • Less likely to be forbs. • More likely to be perennial, monoecious, self-incompatible, shrubs, and trees. • Above traits are related. • Magnitude of Chi Square values suggest that life form may be more important than breeding system or compatibility. ...
... • Less likely to be forbs. • More likely to be perennial, monoecious, self-incompatible, shrubs, and trees. • Above traits are related. • Magnitude of Chi Square values suggest that life form may be more important than breeding system or compatibility. ...
How many parasites? - Princeton University
... most diverse parts of the world is thin at best. For example, Cribb et al. (13) estimated that in groupers (Epinephelinae)—one of the largest and most common groups of marine fish—parasitic trematodes have been recorded from only 62 of the 159 species, and from only 9 of 15 genera. The absences refl ...
... most diverse parts of the world is thin at best. For example, Cribb et al. (13) estimated that in groupers (Epinephelinae)—one of the largest and most common groups of marine fish—parasitic trematodes have been recorded from only 62 of the 159 species, and from only 9 of 15 genera. The absences refl ...
Native Plants for Rain Gardens
... of organic matter that absorbs rainfall before it can run off. Plants take in water through their roots and transpire gallons of it each day through their leaves. These roots along with soil organisms such as earthworms and burrowing insects create tunnels that also allow water to infiltrate. Native ...
... of organic matter that absorbs rainfall before it can run off. Plants take in water through their roots and transpire gallons of it each day through their leaves. These roots along with soil organisms such as earthworms and burrowing insects create tunnels that also allow water to infiltrate. Native ...
chapter 1 - diss.fu
... (Bernays and Minkenberg 1997). Furthermore, non-host plants may also constitute important so-called non-consumable resources for herbivores. Structural features of the vegetation can be crucial for survival, when certain non-consumable substrates are needed, e.g. for roosting, mate location, overwin ...
... (Bernays and Minkenberg 1997). Furthermore, non-host plants may also constitute important so-called non-consumable resources for herbivores. Structural features of the vegetation can be crucial for survival, when certain non-consumable substrates are needed, e.g. for roosting, mate location, overwin ...
Increased Floral Divergence in Sympatric Monkeyflowers
... America (Beardsley et al. 2004). There are large differences among species in flower size (2–50 mm in length), flower color, and flower shape (Grant 1924). Principal pollinators vary widely among species, and include a diversity of bees, hummingbirds, and hawkmoths (Beardsley et al. 2004; Streisfeld ...
... America (Beardsley et al. 2004). There are large differences among species in flower size (2–50 mm in length), flower color, and flower shape (Grant 1924). Principal pollinators vary widely among species, and include a diversity of bees, hummingbirds, and hawkmoths (Beardsley et al. 2004; Streisfeld ...
A meta-analysis of the effects of cushion plants on high
... of Q indicates that the variance of the effect size among groups is greater than expected by random chance and thus ...
... of Q indicates that the variance of the effect size among groups is greater than expected by random chance and thus ...
Evolution_Review_Activity
... ways, their skeleton make up, mechanism of breathing, ability to nurse or not nurse their young, as well as a genetic trait which causes dolphins to be born with hair all suggest that these similarities developed from separate species with no common ancestor which are both facing similar selective p ...
... ways, their skeleton make up, mechanism of breathing, ability to nurse or not nurse their young, as well as a genetic trait which causes dolphins to be born with hair all suggest that these similarities developed from separate species with no common ancestor which are both facing similar selective p ...
The role of ecological interactions in determining species
... phytophagous insects and the plants on which they feed comprise a significant proportion of overall terrestrial macro-biodiversity (Strong et al. 1984) enabling us to examine the extent to which general patterns in interactions are consistent across a broad spectrum of taxonomic groups. Second, food ...
... phytophagous insects and the plants on which they feed comprise a significant proportion of overall terrestrial macro-biodiversity (Strong et al. 1984) enabling us to examine the extent to which general patterns in interactions are consistent across a broad spectrum of taxonomic groups. Second, food ...
Master of Chemistry: Physical and Analytical Chemistry M2
... Pollen grain has a brief airborne life ranging from hours to days during pollination period. Pollen grain is modified by gaseous and particulate pollution during its transport in the atmosphere. The modifications of pollen grains by atmospheric pollution induce an inhibition of the reproductive capa ...
... Pollen grain has a brief airborne life ranging from hours to days during pollination period. Pollen grain is modified by gaseous and particulate pollution during its transport in the atmosphere. The modifications of pollen grains by atmospheric pollution induce an inhibition of the reproductive capa ...
File
... During treatment with an antibiotic, all of the bacteria gradually become more resistant to the antibiotic the more they are exposed to it. They all survive and pass this trait to their offspring. C. During treatment with an antibiotic, a population of bacteria usually dies. Sometimes by chance, all ...
... During treatment with an antibiotic, all of the bacteria gradually become more resistant to the antibiotic the more they are exposed to it. They all survive and pass this trait to their offspring. C. During treatment with an antibiotic, a population of bacteria usually dies. Sometimes by chance, all ...
Coevolution
In biology, coevolution is ""the change of a biological object triggered by the change of a related object"". In other words, when changes in at least two species' genetic compositions reciprocally affect each other’s evolution, coevolution has occurred.There is evidence for coevolution at the level of populations and species. Charles Darwin briefly described the concept of coevolution in On the Origin of Species (1859) and developed it in detail in Fertilisation of Orchids (1862). It is likely that viruses and their hosts coevolve in various scenarios.However, there is little evidence of coevolution driving large-scale changes in Earth's history, since abiotic factors such as mass extinction and expansion into ecospaces seem to guide the shifts in the abundance of major groups. One proposed specific example was the evolution of high-crowned teeth in grazers when grasslands spread through North America - long held up as an example of coevolution. We now know that these events happened independently.Coevolution can occur at many biological levels: it can be as microscopic as correlated mutations between amino acids in a protein or as macroscopic as covarying traits between different species in an environment. Each party in a coevolutionary relationship exerts selective pressures on the other, thereby affecting each other's evolution. Coevolution of different species includes the evolution of a host species and its parasites (host–parasite coevolution), and examples of mutualism evolving through time. Evolution in response to abiotic factors, such as climate change, is not biological coevolution (since climate is not alive and does not undergo biological evolution).The general conclusion is that coevolution may be responsible for much of the genetic diversity seen in normal populations including: blood-plasma polymorphism, protein polymorphism, histocompatibility systems, etc.The parasite/host relationship probably drove the prevalence of sexual reproduction over the more efficient asexual reproduction. It seems that when a parasite infects a host, sexual reproduction affords a better chance of developing resistance (through variation in the next generation), giving sexual reproduction viability for fitness not seen in the asexual reproduction, which produces another generation of the organism susceptible to infection by the same parasite.Coevolution is primarily a biological concept, but researchers have applied it by analogy to fields such as computer science, sociology / international political economy and astronomy.