4-H Entomology: Amazing Insects
... From the stink bug in our house, the fly on our food, fleas on our pets or the butterfly and bees on flowers, insects are everywhere. 3. Insects have a profound effect on human life and human history. From the food we eat to the diseases we contract, insects play a crucial role in human existence. A ...
... From the stink bug in our house, the fly on our food, fleas on our pets or the butterfly and bees on flowers, insects are everywhere. 3. Insects have a profound effect on human life and human history. From the food we eat to the diseases we contract, insects play a crucial role in human existence. A ...
The Parasite Zoo Transcript
... When it is like this we have to spread out a bit to make room for everyone, and then there is some fights over food.[19] Of course there is a lot else here beyond worms. There are these single celled animals –Giardia we see now and again.[20]There are huge amounts of bacteria too.[21]A lot of this ...
... When it is like this we have to spread out a bit to make room for everyone, and then there is some fights over food.[19] Of course there is a lot else here beyond worms. There are these single celled animals –Giardia we see now and again.[20]There are huge amounts of bacteria too.[21]A lot of this ...
The Parasite Zoo Transcript
... When it is like this we have to spread out a bit to make room for everyone, and then there is some fights over food.[19] Of course there is a lot else here beyond worms. There are these single celled animals –Giardia we see now and again.[20]There are huge amounts of bacteria too.[21]A lot of this ...
... When it is like this we have to spread out a bit to make room for everyone, and then there is some fights over food.[19] Of course there is a lot else here beyond worms. There are these single celled animals –Giardia we see now and again.[20]There are huge amounts of bacteria too.[21]A lot of this ...
How Do Species Interactions Affect Evolutionary Dynamics Across
... A major challenge for twenty-first century biology is to understand evolution in complex ecosystems (Liow et al. 2011, Post & Palkovacs 2009, Schoener 2011). How does a community of interacting species evolve in response to a new environment? How do evolutionary responses in turn affect ecosystem pro ...
... A major challenge for twenty-first century biology is to understand evolution in complex ecosystems (Liow et al. 2011, Post & Palkovacs 2009, Schoener 2011). How does a community of interacting species evolve in response to a new environment? How do evolutionary responses in turn affect ecosystem pro ...
Holocarpha macradenia response to experimental disturbance
... 1985). For example, numerous studies in productive grasslands suggest that germination may be the primary limiting life history stage for a number of plant species (Grubb 1977, Rice 1985). With canopy closure, competition is intense, so species have evolved highly complex germination cues keyed to s ...
... 1985). For example, numerous studies in productive grasslands suggest that germination may be the primary limiting life history stage for a number of plant species (Grubb 1977, Rice 1985). With canopy closure, competition is intense, so species have evolved highly complex germination cues keyed to s ...
Marine Ecology 2011, final Lecture 5 pred
... Numerical response – when there is a large increase in prey density, the predators present can become satiated as prey densities increase and the rate of prey eaten is not going to increase for each individual predators. ...
... Numerical response – when there is a large increase in prey density, the predators present can become satiated as prey densities increase and the rate of prey eaten is not going to increase for each individual predators. ...
Analysis of interspecific competition in perennial plants using life table
... effects in terms of growth reduction and therefore neglect potentially important components of individual fitness on population dynamics, such as survival or fecundity 共Aarssen and Keogh 2002兲. If long-term experiments based on multiple fitness trait measurements through time are clearly needed in com ...
... effects in terms of growth reduction and therefore neglect potentially important components of individual fitness on population dynamics, such as survival or fecundity 共Aarssen and Keogh 2002兲. If long-term experiments based on multiple fitness trait measurements through time are clearly needed in com ...
File
... Must identify or describe AND explain Convergence occurs where 2 or more unrelated groups evolve similar adaptations because they occupy similar niches (are subjected to similar selection pressures). As a result of similar selection pressures similar adaptations have evolved in grasses and conifers ...
... Must identify or describe AND explain Convergence occurs where 2 or more unrelated groups evolve similar adaptations because they occupy similar niches (are subjected to similar selection pressures). As a result of similar selection pressures similar adaptations have evolved in grasses and conifers ...
Replicated host-race formation in bogus yucca moths
... replication of divergence within lineages, and whether such replication occurs through parallel or different trait divergence. Thus, the generality of host-race formation in closely related lineages with similar life habit remains poorly understood. One exception is the analysis of possible host-rac ...
... replication of divergence within lineages, and whether such replication occurs through parallel or different trait divergence. Thus, the generality of host-race formation in closely related lineages with similar life habit remains poorly understood. One exception is the analysis of possible host-rac ...
1 - Home
... would be the same everywhere, there would be no economic life. If we would have all the same perceptions and ideas, there would be no communication. It is an important misconception to believe that communication only helps bridging differences. Communication also produces diversity by compensating e ...
... would be the same everywhere, there would be no economic life. If we would have all the same perceptions and ideas, there would be no communication. It is an important misconception to believe that communication only helps bridging differences. Communication also produces diversity by compensating e ...
Beneficial Insects, Spiders, Creatures in the Garden
... Lady Beetles. Lady beetles are revered for their splash of color, and are a favorite with gardeners and children alike. After butterflies, they are probably the best-loved insects of all. They are often featured in human cultures as symbols of good luck and religion—they are certainly a good sign in ...
... Lady Beetles. Lady beetles are revered for their splash of color, and are a favorite with gardeners and children alike. After butterflies, they are probably the best-loved insects of all. They are often featured in human cultures as symbols of good luck and religion—they are certainly a good sign in ...
b10vrv2042
... Competition How one organism interacts with other organisms is an important part of defining its niche. Competition occurs when organisms attempt to use the same limited ecological resource in the same place at the same time. ...
... Competition How one organism interacts with other organisms is an important part of defining its niche. Competition occurs when organisms attempt to use the same limited ecological resource in the same place at the same time. ...
Niches and Community Interactions
... Competition How one organism interacts with other organisms is an important part of defining its niche. Competition occurs when organisms attempt to use the same limited ecological resource in the same place at the same time. ...
... Competition How one organism interacts with other organisms is an important part of defining its niche. Competition occurs when organisms attempt to use the same limited ecological resource in the same place at the same time. ...
Introducing non-trophic interactions in food webs
... What are the dynamical consequences of integrating these interactions at the scale of the system? ...
... What are the dynamical consequences of integrating these interactions at the scale of the system? ...
Native Fauna on Exotic Trees: Phylogenetic
... Which factors shape the assembly of local species communities? The influences of natural selection, phylogenetic history, and ecological context (e.g., variation in the abundance of particular species) and how these factors interact have been identified as key issues to be addressed in community eco ...
... Which factors shape the assembly of local species communities? The influences of natural selection, phylogenetic history, and ecological context (e.g., variation in the abundance of particular species) and how these factors interact have been identified as key issues to be addressed in community eco ...
Good Buddies
... ways. A very specific interaction that may occur between the organisms is defined as symbiosis, a close, coevolutionary association between one species (host) and another species (symbiont). Species may interact in a variety of different ways: 1. Amensalism (- , 0) -- in this interaction, one specie ...
... ways. A very specific interaction that may occur between the organisms is defined as symbiosis, a close, coevolutionary association between one species (host) and another species (symbiont). Species may interact in a variety of different ways: 1. Amensalism (- , 0) -- in this interaction, one specie ...
The evolutionary consequences of biological
... among invasive ants relative to ants as a whole remains to be tested. Having a shared history with humans may also make a species more likely to invade new environments (Elton 1958). In addition to being preadapted to human modified landscapes, a close association with humans increases the probabili ...
... among invasive ants relative to ants as a whole remains to be tested. Having a shared history with humans may also make a species more likely to invade new environments (Elton 1958). In addition to being preadapted to human modified landscapes, a close association with humans increases the probabili ...
Biology of the Galapagos
... Although 95 percent of the species that were here when humans first arrived still exist in the Galapagos, the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources lists dozens on its "red list" of threatened species. These include the Galapagos hawk and the Galapagos fur seal, along ...
... Although 95 percent of the species that were here when humans first arrived still exist in the Galapagos, the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources lists dozens on its "red list" of threatened species. These include the Galapagos hawk and the Galapagos fur seal, along ...
Figs and the Diversity of Tropical Rainforests
... borne on the trunk; Harrison and Shanahan 2005). Globally, a staggering number of vertebrates—over 1200 species— feed on figs, and because at the population level figs fruit yearround, they may be critically important to wildlife when other fruits are not available (Shanahan et al. 2001). Many fig s ...
... borne on the trunk; Harrison and Shanahan 2005). Globally, a staggering number of vertebrates—over 1200 species— feed on figs, and because at the population level figs fruit yearround, they may be critically important to wildlife when other fruits are not available (Shanahan et al. 2001). Many fig s ...
Diversity and disease: community structure
... Importantly, by independently manipulating both competent host density and community composition (monospecific vs. heterospecific), we sought to differentiate between density- and non-density-mediated mechanisms of the dilution effect. We further compared the relative benefits of decreased parasitis ...
... Importantly, by independently manipulating both competent host density and community composition (monospecific vs. heterospecific), we sought to differentiate between density- and non-density-mediated mechanisms of the dilution effect. We further compared the relative benefits of decreased parasitis ...
Adapt or disperse: understanding species persistence
... (iv) how relevant traits affect interactions between species under climate change. Of course, the myriad of potential interactions between species makes a prediction of their impact on global warming daunting. Here, we suggest that a focus on broad categories of responses, namely (i) thermal sensiti ...
... (iv) how relevant traits affect interactions between species under climate change. Of course, the myriad of potential interactions between species makes a prediction of their impact on global warming daunting. Here, we suggest that a focus on broad categories of responses, namely (i) thermal sensiti ...
On the study of plant defence and herbivory using comparative
... traits in mediating species interactions. Although each of the three motivations discussed above (understanding the evolution of defence, predicting species interactions and testing trait function) utilise species-level correlations between traits and herbivory, their interpretation requires differe ...
... traits in mediating species interactions. Although each of the three motivations discussed above (understanding the evolution of defence, predicting species interactions and testing trait function) utilise species-level correlations between traits and herbivory, their interpretation requires differe ...
Adapt or disperse: understanding species persistence in a changing
... (iv) how relevant traits affect interactions between species under climate change. Of course, the myriad of potential interactions between species makes a prediction of their impact on global warming daunting. Here, we suggest that a focus on broad categories of responses, namely (i) thermal sensiti ...
... (iv) how relevant traits affect interactions between species under climate change. Of course, the myriad of potential interactions between species makes a prediction of their impact on global warming daunting. Here, we suggest that a focus on broad categories of responses, namely (i) thermal sensiti ...
Spatial ecology of a root parasite – from pattern to process
... it is unclear whether root parasites are affected by similar factors. Here, we evaluate spatial patterns in the root parasitic Santalum lanceolatum in an arid shrubland in north-western New South Wales, central Australia. In this region, the principal host is a long-lived nitrogen fixing shrub Acaci ...
... it is unclear whether root parasites are affected by similar factors. Here, we evaluate spatial patterns in the root parasitic Santalum lanceolatum in an arid shrubland in north-western New South Wales, central Australia. In this region, the principal host is a long-lived nitrogen fixing shrub Acaci ...
Coevolution
In biology, coevolution is ""the change of a biological object triggered by the change of a related object"". In other words, when changes in at least two species' genetic compositions reciprocally affect each other’s evolution, coevolution has occurred.There is evidence for coevolution at the level of populations and species. Charles Darwin briefly described the concept of coevolution in On the Origin of Species (1859) and developed it in detail in Fertilisation of Orchids (1862). It is likely that viruses and their hosts coevolve in various scenarios.However, there is little evidence of coevolution driving large-scale changes in Earth's history, since abiotic factors such as mass extinction and expansion into ecospaces seem to guide the shifts in the abundance of major groups. One proposed specific example was the evolution of high-crowned teeth in grazers when grasslands spread through North America - long held up as an example of coevolution. We now know that these events happened independently.Coevolution can occur at many biological levels: it can be as microscopic as correlated mutations between amino acids in a protein or as macroscopic as covarying traits between different species in an environment. Each party in a coevolutionary relationship exerts selective pressures on the other, thereby affecting each other's evolution. Coevolution of different species includes the evolution of a host species and its parasites (host–parasite coevolution), and examples of mutualism evolving through time. Evolution in response to abiotic factors, such as climate change, is not biological coevolution (since climate is not alive and does not undergo biological evolution).The general conclusion is that coevolution may be responsible for much of the genetic diversity seen in normal populations including: blood-plasma polymorphism, protein polymorphism, histocompatibility systems, etc.The parasite/host relationship probably drove the prevalence of sexual reproduction over the more efficient asexual reproduction. It seems that when a parasite infects a host, sexual reproduction affords a better chance of developing resistance (through variation in the next generation), giving sexual reproduction viability for fitness not seen in the asexual reproduction, which produces another generation of the organism susceptible to infection by the same parasite.Coevolution is primarily a biological concept, but researchers have applied it by analogy to fields such as computer science, sociology / international political economy and astronomy.