IJEE SOAPBOX: PRINCE KROPOTKIN MEETS THE
... the ecological lineaments of diversity, one must understand how species partition resources by type, across space, or through time (Schoener, 1974, viz., “mechanisms of coexistence”, sensu Kotler and Brown, 1988) and also how some species steal or seize resources from other species in food webs (inc ...
... the ecological lineaments of diversity, one must understand how species partition resources by type, across space, or through time (Schoener, 1974, viz., “mechanisms of coexistence”, sensu Kotler and Brown, 1988) and also how some species steal or seize resources from other species in food webs (inc ...
FREAKY FRIDAY
... - Throughout time, humans have evolved to become one of the most successful organisms on Earth, but they also have weird and sometimes unwanted traits leftover from evolution as well: - We lost the ability to make our own Vitamin C (while other organisms except birds and apes can), which means when ...
... - Throughout time, humans have evolved to become one of the most successful organisms on Earth, but they also have weird and sometimes unwanted traits leftover from evolution as well: - We lost the ability to make our own Vitamin C (while other organisms except birds and apes can), which means when ...
- Wiley Online Library
... of native plants through a number of different mechanisms. First, the invader could depress the abundance of native flowers. Whether or not those native species co- flower with the invader, lower abundance could reduce the attractiveness of the floral display to pollinators, or reduce the populatio ...
... of native plants through a number of different mechanisms. First, the invader could depress the abundance of native flowers. Whether or not those native species co- flower with the invader, lower abundance could reduce the attractiveness of the floral display to pollinators, or reduce the populatio ...
Harnessing Evolution: The Interaction Between Sexual
... of time, but we found no change in our results. Another possibility is that Avida’s version of sexual recombination is extraordinarily harsh on organisms. Because insertion and deletion mutations can change an organism’s length, swapping chunks of code from two separate programs can cause a lot of d ...
... of time, but we found no change in our results. Another possibility is that Avida’s version of sexual recombination is extraordinarily harsh on organisms. Because insertion and deletion mutations can change an organism’s length, swapping chunks of code from two separate programs can cause a lot of d ...
Springs and wire plants: anachronistic defences against
... 2005). Their legacy persists in the plants on which they fed. Features such as large fruits and long spines, ‘over designed’ for the surviving fauna, have been called ‘evolutionary anachronisms’, leftovers of extinct trophic relationships ( Janzen & Martin 1982; Janzen 1986; Barlow 2000). Evolutiona ...
... 2005). Their legacy persists in the plants on which they fed. Features such as large fruits and long spines, ‘over designed’ for the surviving fauna, have been called ‘evolutionary anachronisms’, leftovers of extinct trophic relationships ( Janzen & Martin 1982; Janzen 1986; Barlow 2000). Evolutiona ...
Systematic studies of the Syrphidae (Flower Flies)
... checklist of the Syrphidae (Insecta: Diptera) of British Columbia, with notes on taxonomy, distribution and ecology” by R.A. Ring, R.A. Cannings and R.B. Samoszynski. Further work also has to be done on the two manuscripts on the diversity and ecology/abundance of syrphids from the temperate rainfo ...
... checklist of the Syrphidae (Insecta: Diptera) of British Columbia, with notes on taxonomy, distribution and ecology” by R.A. Ring, R.A. Cannings and R.B. Samoszynski. Further work also has to be done on the two manuscripts on the diversity and ecology/abundance of syrphids from the temperate rainfo ...
Ecosystem - SandyBiology1-2
... It is much the same with an ecosystem. An ecosystem is not really a place, although we tend to use the word in that way. The concept of an ecosystem is useful; it provides a framework for studying the interactions between living things and their non-living surroundings, usually referred to as their ...
... It is much the same with an ecosystem. An ecosystem is not really a place, although we tend to use the word in that way. The concept of an ecosystem is useful; it provides a framework for studying the interactions between living things and their non-living surroundings, usually referred to as their ...
A Physical Basis of Evolution and Speculation on an
... The greatest misconception inhibiting the description of biology from a physical perspective had its origin at the beginning of the last century with the development by Clausius of the concept of entropy and the formulation of the second law of thermodynamics in the development of the theory of heat ...
... The greatest misconception inhibiting the description of biology from a physical perspective had its origin at the beginning of the last century with the development by Clausius of the concept of entropy and the formulation of the second law of thermodynamics in the development of the theory of heat ...
Instruction guide
... As camouflage is key with stick insects, it even begins with the eggs. They are round, brown with a yellow nodule and look very much like brown seeds. Although they may look like seeds, they are certainly more fragile! To avoid risk of illness, eggs and stick insects must not be eaten. Carefully op ...
... As camouflage is key with stick insects, it even begins with the eggs. They are round, brown with a yellow nodule and look very much like brown seeds. Although they may look like seeds, they are certainly more fragile! To avoid risk of illness, eggs and stick insects must not be eaten. Carefully op ...
Lesson 8: Ecosystems, Genetics and Evolution
... such as cows, pigs, and humans. They get food by eating the host's partly digested food, depriving the host of nutrients. Fleas harm their hosts, such as dogs, by biting their skin, sucking their blood, and causing them to itch. The fleas, in turn, get food and a warm home. Barnacles, which live on ...
... such as cows, pigs, and humans. They get food by eating the host's partly digested food, depriving the host of nutrients. Fleas harm their hosts, such as dogs, by biting their skin, sucking their blood, and causing them to itch. The fleas, in turn, get food and a warm home. Barnacles, which live on ...
Defense and Dynamics in Plant-Herbivore
... such factors as patch sizes, relative abundances of other plant species (host and non-host) and on the predictability of local plant distributions and abundances. Typical unapparent plants grow very rapidly and invest a large portion of their nutrients and energy in reproduction. Defense theory pred ...
... such factors as patch sizes, relative abundances of other plant species (host and non-host) and on the predictability of local plant distributions and abundances. Typical unapparent plants grow very rapidly and invest a large portion of their nutrients and energy in reproduction. Defense theory pred ...
The Ecological Niches of Poisonous Plants in Range Communities
... some other route. Stebbins (1974) finds this explanation unsatisfactory for two reasons. First, it does not explain why certain groups of plants have evolved conducting systems, whose elaborate development must be controlled by a large number of genes (Mahlberg 1959), for secondary chemical substanc ...
... some other route. Stebbins (1974) finds this explanation unsatisfactory for two reasons. First, it does not explain why certain groups of plants have evolved conducting systems, whose elaborate development must be controlled by a large number of genes (Mahlberg 1959), for secondary chemical substanc ...
Biological Characteristics of Rivers
... ecosystems encounter more frequent disturbances than other aquatic ecosystems. This situation favors r-strategists becoming more numerous in stream ecosystems than k-strategists. Some plant species on sand bars recede when bars become stable, since they are adapted to unstable environment but they a ...
... ecosystems encounter more frequent disturbances than other aquatic ecosystems. This situation favors r-strategists becoming more numerous in stream ecosystems than k-strategists. Some plant species on sand bars recede when bars become stable, since they are adapted to unstable environment but they a ...
pollination syndromes and floral specialization
... Much of the literature on pollination has not distinguished between two distinct usages of the word “specialization” (Armbruster et al. 2000). Evolutionary specialization entails evolution to use fewer pollinators, less disparate pollinators, or a subset of preexisting pollinators more intensively ( ...
... Much of the literature on pollination has not distinguished between two distinct usages of the word “specialization” (Armbruster et al. 2000). Evolutionary specialization entails evolution to use fewer pollinators, less disparate pollinators, or a subset of preexisting pollinators more intensively ( ...
COEVOLUTION DRIVES TEMPORAL CHANGES IN FITNESS AND
... of resistant hosts relative to the ancestor, the phenotypic diversity of the hosts, and the abundance of parasitoids on those hosts, after the initial invasion of resistant mutants and again after the host and parasitoid had coevolved over approximately 150 bacterial generations in high and low-reso ...
... of resistant hosts relative to the ancestor, the phenotypic diversity of the hosts, and the abundance of parasitoids on those hosts, after the initial invasion of resistant mutants and again after the host and parasitoid had coevolved over approximately 150 bacterial generations in high and low-reso ...
Natives adapting to invasive species: ecology, genes
... strength of their interactions with natives. Pre-adaptation may mean that a colonist can readily find resources, escape from enemies or avoid abiotic perils. For example, Strauss et al. (2006b) found that in California, grasses with few close relatives in the native flora were more likely to invade ...
... strength of their interactions with natives. Pre-adaptation may mean that a colonist can readily find resources, escape from enemies or avoid abiotic perils. For example, Strauss et al. (2006b) found that in California, grasses with few close relatives in the native flora were more likely to invade ...
External Anatomy
... There are various modifications of insect wings, some with special functions. These include: ...
... There are various modifications of insect wings, some with special functions. These include: ...
The dynamics of evolutionary stasis - The Institute for Environmental
... clonal marine animals that grow in plantlike shapes by budding modules (zooids) to form a colony. They are abundant in Recent seas and in the fossil record. In the tropical American genera Metrarabdotos and Stylopoma, all long-ranging species (11 in each genus) persisted essentially morphologically ...
... clonal marine animals that grow in plantlike shapes by budding modules (zooids) to form a colony. They are abundant in Recent seas and in the fossil record. In the tropical American genera Metrarabdotos and Stylopoma, all long-ranging species (11 in each genus) persisted essentially morphologically ...
Ch 28 Arthropods
... E. Horseshoe Crabs: Living Fossils – Members of the class _________________________. F. Insects – by far, the largest class of arthropods 1. Insect reproduction – insects mate about once during their lifetime. The eggs are fertilized internally. Most insects lay a large number of eggs. _____________ ...
... E. Horseshoe Crabs: Living Fossils – Members of the class _________________________. F. Insects – by far, the largest class of arthropods 1. Insect reproduction – insects mate about once during their lifetime. The eggs are fertilized internally. Most insects lay a large number of eggs. _____________ ...
Native Plants for Sunny Locations
... of organic matter that absorbs rainfall before it can run off. Plants take in water through their roots and transpire gallons of it each day through their leaves. These roots along with soil organisms such as earthworms and burrowing insects create tunnels that also allow water to infiltrate. Native ...
... of organic matter that absorbs rainfall before it can run off. Plants take in water through their roots and transpire gallons of it each day through their leaves. These roots along with soil organisms such as earthworms and burrowing insects create tunnels that also allow water to infiltrate. Native ...
Blue gum Psyllid
... later stages (or instars). The nymphs produce white woolly filaments and masses of powdery, waxy material on the leaves as protection when they are feeding. The winged adults resemble miniature cicadas in appearance. They are brownish in colour with orangey patches on the thorax but may appear white ...
... later stages (or instars). The nymphs produce white woolly filaments and masses of powdery, waxy material on the leaves as protection when they are feeding. The winged adults resemble miniature cicadas in appearance. They are brownish in colour with orangey patches on the thorax but may appear white ...
Butterflies of the Illawarra brochure
... crucial role in the ecosystem. Many plants need to have pollen shared between the male and female parts of the plants by insects so they can reproduce and create new plants. Butterflies and bees are the most important insects at performing this role; they are called the pollinators. ...
... crucial role in the ecosystem. Many plants need to have pollen shared between the male and female parts of the plants by insects so they can reproduce and create new plants. Butterflies and bees are the most important insects at performing this role; they are called the pollinators. ...
Bio112HW_Comm - Napa Valley College
... b. kill animals on which they feed c. host usually survives d. smaller in size than prey e. effective biocontrol agents 13. Which of the following is the most common interaction between species? a. competition b. predation c. parasitism d. mutualism e. commensalism 14. A non-poisonous butterfly, whi ...
... b. kill animals on which they feed c. host usually survives d. smaller in size than prey e. effective biocontrol agents 13. Which of the following is the most common interaction between species? a. competition b. predation c. parasitism d. mutualism e. commensalism 14. A non-poisonous butterfly, whi ...
Coevolution
In biology, coevolution is ""the change of a biological object triggered by the change of a related object"". In other words, when changes in at least two species' genetic compositions reciprocally affect each other’s evolution, coevolution has occurred.There is evidence for coevolution at the level of populations and species. Charles Darwin briefly described the concept of coevolution in On the Origin of Species (1859) and developed it in detail in Fertilisation of Orchids (1862). It is likely that viruses and their hosts coevolve in various scenarios.However, there is little evidence of coevolution driving large-scale changes in Earth's history, since abiotic factors such as mass extinction and expansion into ecospaces seem to guide the shifts in the abundance of major groups. One proposed specific example was the evolution of high-crowned teeth in grazers when grasslands spread through North America - long held up as an example of coevolution. We now know that these events happened independently.Coevolution can occur at many biological levels: it can be as microscopic as correlated mutations between amino acids in a protein or as macroscopic as covarying traits between different species in an environment. Each party in a coevolutionary relationship exerts selective pressures on the other, thereby affecting each other's evolution. Coevolution of different species includes the evolution of a host species and its parasites (host–parasite coevolution), and examples of mutualism evolving through time. Evolution in response to abiotic factors, such as climate change, is not biological coevolution (since climate is not alive and does not undergo biological evolution).The general conclusion is that coevolution may be responsible for much of the genetic diversity seen in normal populations including: blood-plasma polymorphism, protein polymorphism, histocompatibility systems, etc.The parasite/host relationship probably drove the prevalence of sexual reproduction over the more efficient asexual reproduction. It seems that when a parasite infects a host, sexual reproduction affords a better chance of developing resistance (through variation in the next generation), giving sexual reproduction viability for fitness not seen in the asexual reproduction, which produces another generation of the organism susceptible to infection by the same parasite.Coevolution is primarily a biological concept, but researchers have applied it by analogy to fields such as computer science, sociology / international political economy and astronomy.