NYNHP Conservation Guide for Imperial Moth
... Insecticide use should be avoided when possible if rare species are present. When insecticide use cannot be avoided, careful planning along with consistent rare species monitoring, can result in successful eradication of the target species without eliminating rare species. A biocontrol alternative i ...
... Insecticide use should be avoided when possible if rare species are present. When insecticide use cannot be avoided, careful planning along with consistent rare species monitoring, can result in successful eradication of the target species without eliminating rare species. A biocontrol alternative i ...
Trait matching of flower visitors and crops predicts
... functioning at the community level have not (but see Fontaine et al. 2006); especially for crop pollination, where in many regions, crops are exotic but pollinators are native, without a co-evolutionary history. Our objective was to assess whether trait diversity and/or matching contributed to crop ...
... functioning at the community level have not (but see Fontaine et al. 2006); especially for crop pollination, where in many regions, crops are exotic but pollinators are native, without a co-evolutionary history. Our objective was to assess whether trait diversity and/or matching contributed to crop ...
IOSR Journal Of Environmental Science, Toxicology And Food Technology (IOSR-JESTFT)
... Three insect orders were recorded on both plants; these are diptera, hemiptera and hymenoptera. The order orthoptera was recorded only on Jasmine while coleoptera and homoptera were recorded only on Carissa. The hymenopterans had the highest number of visits among the six orders, (N=177) 54.97%. Thi ...
... Three insect orders were recorded on both plants; these are diptera, hemiptera and hymenoptera. The order orthoptera was recorded only on Jasmine while coleoptera and homoptera were recorded only on Carissa. The hymenopterans had the highest number of visits among the six orders, (N=177) 54.97%. Thi ...
Endemism in hostparasite interactions among island populations of
... within a specific locale or for a focal species of interest) is actually documenting whether distinct interactions among populations, especially isolated populations, exist. Parasites by virtue of their diversity and dependence on other species are embedded within every ecological network or food we ...
... within a specific locale or for a focal species of interest) is actually documenting whether distinct interactions among populations, especially isolated populations, exist. Parasites by virtue of their diversity and dependence on other species are embedded within every ecological network or food we ...
Mutualism (biology) - Basic Knowledge 101
... of mixed-species groups abound. For example, zebra (Equus burchelli) and wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus) can remain in association during periods of long distance migration across the Serengeti as a strategy for thwarting predators. Cercopithecus mitis and Cercopithecus ascanius, species of monke ...
... of mixed-species groups abound. For example, zebra (Equus burchelli) and wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus) can remain in association during periods of long distance migration across the Serengeti as a strategy for thwarting predators. Cercopithecus mitis and Cercopithecus ascanius, species of monke ...
Sonorensis 2010 - Arizona
... for insects. Every year entomologists flock to the Sonoran Desert Region, especially after the onset of the monsoon rains, to collect its spectacular six-legged residents. Butterflies have probably been the best known and most loved insects throughout human history. Understandably so, since they flu ...
... for insects. Every year entomologists flock to the Sonoran Desert Region, especially after the onset of the monsoon rains, to collect its spectacular six-legged residents. Butterflies have probably been the best known and most loved insects throughout human history. Understandably so, since they flu ...
Tan, Milton - University of Delaware
... by an average of only 4 to 8 caterpillar species (Janzen 1988). Congeneric trees (trees in the same genus) host similar communities of herbivorous insects because they tend to share many of the same phytochemicals (Kennedy and Southwood 1984). Some insects that feed on a variety of different foods ...
... by an average of only 4 to 8 caterpillar species (Janzen 1988). Congeneric trees (trees in the same genus) host similar communities of herbivorous insects because they tend to share many of the same phytochemicals (Kennedy and Southwood 1984). Some insects that feed on a variety of different foods ...
A Comparison of Pollinator Landings on Lantana camara with Three
... There is difficulty in quantifying pollinator preferences for different plant species. In this study the quantification of landing sites was problematic. A “landing site” was defined as an inflorescence in view of the observer. Lantana camara, Calitropis giganteum, and Mimosa pudica each have inflor ...
... There is difficulty in quantifying pollinator preferences for different plant species. In this study the quantification of landing sites was problematic. A “landing site” was defined as an inflorescence in view of the observer. Lantana camara, Calitropis giganteum, and Mimosa pudica each have inflor ...
A Unique Mutualism: Seed Dispersal and Primate Self
... in work done by Kunz and Linsenmair (2007). They aimed to provide evidence that seed-swallowing is not speciesspecific, but rather a commonality amongst many primates. This study looked at Papio anubis, known more commonly as the olive baboon, which were studied in the field at Comoé National Park ( ...
... in work done by Kunz and Linsenmair (2007). They aimed to provide evidence that seed-swallowing is not speciesspecific, but rather a commonality amongst many primates. This study looked at Papio anubis, known more commonly as the olive baboon, which were studied in the field at Comoé National Park ( ...
How parasites divide resources: a test of the niche apportionment
... Rohde 1996; Poulin & Valtonen 2001; Gotelli & Rohde 2002). Taken as a whole, these investigations have revealed that departures from random species assembly do occur, but they are the exceptions rather than the norm: most patterns of species co-occurrence are no different from those predicted by nul ...
... Rohde 1996; Poulin & Valtonen 2001; Gotelli & Rohde 2002). Taken as a whole, these investigations have revealed that departures from random species assembly do occur, but they are the exceptions rather than the norm: most patterns of species co-occurrence are no different from those predicted by nul ...
Trophic Level Effects on Species Diversity in Arthropod
... evenness of individuals in the Hymenoptera. Since the Coleoptera were principally herbivores and the Hymenoptera predator-parasites, results can be interpreted in a trophic level context. It is suggested that, in a plant monoculture, low diversity is not propagated along food chains but rather is re ...
... evenness of individuals in the Hymenoptera. Since the Coleoptera were principally herbivores and the Hymenoptera predator-parasites, results can be interpreted in a trophic level context. It is suggested that, in a plant monoculture, low diversity is not propagated along food chains but rather is re ...
5.1 2 Specific adaptations in plants and animals - science
... Task 12: How is a cactus adapted? How is a cactus adapted to life in a very hot, dry climate? water stored in a fleshy stem, and a thick, waxy surface reduces water loss leaves are narrow spines to reduce water loss and protect from predators roots are either very deep, or shallow and widespread to ...
... Task 12: How is a cactus adapted? How is a cactus adapted to life in a very hot, dry climate? water stored in a fleshy stem, and a thick, waxy surface reduces water loss leaves are narrow spines to reduce water loss and protect from predators roots are either very deep, or shallow and widespread to ...
forms and foundations of contemporary adaptation to
... Ongoing adaptation in native populations to anthropogenic change both facilitates and challenges ecologically appropriate and sustainable management. Human disturbance promotes adaptive responses at the genomic, individual and population levels. Traits vary widely in whether adaptation occurs throug ...
... Ongoing adaptation in native populations to anthropogenic change both facilitates and challenges ecologically appropriate and sustainable management. Human disturbance promotes adaptive responses at the genomic, individual and population levels. Traits vary widely in whether adaptation occurs throug ...
Ecology
... a. Batesian mimicry: Pipevine swallowtail butterfly (Battus philenor) is poisonous; Tiger swallowtail (Papilio glaucus) is a palatable mimic. ...
... a. Batesian mimicry: Pipevine swallowtail butterfly (Battus philenor) is poisonous; Tiger swallowtail (Papilio glaucus) is a palatable mimic. ...
Chapter 5: Evolution and Community Ecology part A
... the newt, its predator, the common garter snake, has coevolved resistance to the toxin. ...
... the newt, its predator, the common garter snake, has coevolved resistance to the toxin. ...
Tesis Maestria en Ciencias de Marcos A. Caraballo Ortiz
... Many plant species of tropical regions are self-incompatible (Bawa et al. 1985). Thus, they depend on pollen interchange (i.e. outcrossing) for effective pollination. Therefore, self-incompatible species require pollen from conspecific neighbors to achieve fruit set. Self-incompatibility makes the s ...
... Many plant species of tropical regions are self-incompatible (Bawa et al. 1985). Thus, they depend on pollen interchange (i.e. outcrossing) for effective pollination. Therefore, self-incompatible species require pollen from conspecific neighbors to achieve fruit set. Self-incompatibility makes the s ...
Dangerous liaisons: the ecology of private interest and common good
... hosts but also protect them against external threats. In this study, we analyse the conditions for the evolution of what we call ‘dangerous liaisons’: interactions combining mutualistic and antagonistic aspects. Starting point of our analysis is a model that was proposed as early as 1934. In this mo ...
... hosts but also protect them against external threats. In this study, we analyse the conditions for the evolution of what we call ‘dangerous liaisons’: interactions combining mutualistic and antagonistic aspects. Starting point of our analysis is a model that was proposed as early as 1934. In this mo ...
What is adaptation?
... can evolve in different directions towards the same adaptive phenotype – Changes from a different ancestral amino acid to the same descendent amino acid along an independent lineage ...
... can evolve in different directions towards the same adaptive phenotype – Changes from a different ancestral amino acid to the same descendent amino acid along an independent lineage ...
Community Ecology
... in a community are associated tightly with other species in a web of life. According to this model, an increase or decrease in one species in a community affects many other species. It is a reincarnation of the integrated model The redundancy model states that most species in a community are not clo ...
... in a community are associated tightly with other species in a web of life. According to this model, an increase or decrease in one species in a community affects many other species. It is a reincarnation of the integrated model The redundancy model states that most species in a community are not clo ...
Positive Interactions of Nonindigenous Species: Invasional
... articles that dealt with effects of introduced species in addition to just presence and absence data. For these seven journals, we examined all 254 articles in the data base to determine the extent and nature of facilitative interactions among two or more introduced species. The articles fell into f ...
... articles that dealt with effects of introduced species in addition to just presence and absence data. For these seven journals, we examined all 254 articles in the data base to determine the extent and nature of facilitative interactions among two or more introduced species. The articles fell into f ...
Positive interactions of nonindigenous species: invasional meltdown?
... articles that dealt with effects of introduced species in addition to just presence and absence data. For these seven journals, we examined all 254 articles in the data base to determine the extent and nature of facilitative interactions among two or more introduced species. The articles fell into f ...
... articles that dealt with effects of introduced species in addition to just presence and absence data. For these seven journals, we examined all 254 articles in the data base to determine the extent and nature of facilitative interactions among two or more introduced species. The articles fell into f ...
When two invasion hypotheses are better than one
... tenuous; for example, NWH and EICA are tested in separate experiments and not linked together by testing for genetic correlations between allelochemical and defense production. Using a different approach, Uesugi & Kessler (2013) employ experimental evolution to show the potential for enemy release t ...
... tenuous; for example, NWH and EICA are tested in separate experiments and not linked together by testing for genetic correlations between allelochemical and defense production. Using a different approach, Uesugi & Kessler (2013) employ experimental evolution to show the potential for enemy release t ...
role of insects in forest ecosystems
... 4. Adults - Membranous wings; 5. Ovipositor - Highly specialized - Defense, Insertion into plants or insects 6. Three Important Ecological Groups a. Plant - feeders: Sawflies, woodwasps, galls: Pests b. Parasites - Ichneumonidae & Braconidae: Benefit c. Social Insects - bees, ants, wasps - pollinati ...
... 4. Adults - Membranous wings; 5. Ovipositor - Highly specialized - Defense, Insertion into plants or insects 6. Three Important Ecological Groups a. Plant - feeders: Sawflies, woodwasps, galls: Pests b. Parasites - Ichneumonidae & Braconidae: Benefit c. Social Insects - bees, ants, wasps - pollinati ...
Processes of evolution – extra questions and answers
... Beak size showed an overall trend to smaller beaks, although oscillations occurred (e.g. immediately following the drought in the mid-1970s (larger beaks needed to crack open harder or larger seeds?). Beak shape showed a trend to being blunter. Both species Beak size and shape show wide variation (i ...
... Beak size showed an overall trend to smaller beaks, although oscillations occurred (e.g. immediately following the drought in the mid-1970s (larger beaks needed to crack open harder or larger seeds?). Beak shape showed a trend to being blunter. Both species Beak size and shape show wide variation (i ...
Herbivore diet breadth mediates the cascading effects of carnivores
... appearance, P = 0.35; n = 34). Dietary specialization was not significantly related to mean body length in the ANCOVA using either Singer et al. ...
... appearance, P = 0.35; n = 34). Dietary specialization was not significantly related to mean body length in the ANCOVA using either Singer et al. ...
Coevolution
In biology, coevolution is ""the change of a biological object triggered by the change of a related object"". In other words, when changes in at least two species' genetic compositions reciprocally affect each other’s evolution, coevolution has occurred.There is evidence for coevolution at the level of populations and species. Charles Darwin briefly described the concept of coevolution in On the Origin of Species (1859) and developed it in detail in Fertilisation of Orchids (1862). It is likely that viruses and their hosts coevolve in various scenarios.However, there is little evidence of coevolution driving large-scale changes in Earth's history, since abiotic factors such as mass extinction and expansion into ecospaces seem to guide the shifts in the abundance of major groups. One proposed specific example was the evolution of high-crowned teeth in grazers when grasslands spread through North America - long held up as an example of coevolution. We now know that these events happened independently.Coevolution can occur at many biological levels: it can be as microscopic as correlated mutations between amino acids in a protein or as macroscopic as covarying traits between different species in an environment. Each party in a coevolutionary relationship exerts selective pressures on the other, thereby affecting each other's evolution. Coevolution of different species includes the evolution of a host species and its parasites (host–parasite coevolution), and examples of mutualism evolving through time. Evolution in response to abiotic factors, such as climate change, is not biological coevolution (since climate is not alive and does not undergo biological evolution).The general conclusion is that coevolution may be responsible for much of the genetic diversity seen in normal populations including: blood-plasma polymorphism, protein polymorphism, histocompatibility systems, etc.The parasite/host relationship probably drove the prevalence of sexual reproduction over the more efficient asexual reproduction. It seems that when a parasite infects a host, sexual reproduction affords a better chance of developing resistance (through variation in the next generation), giving sexual reproduction viability for fitness not seen in the asexual reproduction, which produces another generation of the organism susceptible to infection by the same parasite.Coevolution is primarily a biological concept, but researchers have applied it by analogy to fields such as computer science, sociology / international political economy and astronomy.