The Regulation of S Phase Initiation by p27Kip1 in NIH3T3 Cells
... cyclin D1 levels are normally induced,1 while p27Kip1 (p27) levels are suppressed.2 These two molecular events then directly influence the activity of key cell cycle regulatory proteins. Cyclin D1 associated with cyclin dependent kinase (CDK) 4 or 6 inactivates the growth inhibitory retinoblastoma p ...
... cyclin D1 levels are normally induced,1 while p27Kip1 (p27) levels are suppressed.2 These two molecular events then directly influence the activity of key cell cycle regulatory proteins. Cyclin D1 associated with cyclin dependent kinase (CDK) 4 or 6 inactivates the growth inhibitory retinoblastoma p ...
MOLECULAR BASIS FOR MEMBRANE PHOSPHOLIPID
... It is widely recognized that phospholipids play multiple roles in cell processes. Their primary function is to define the permeability barrier of cells and organelles by forming a phospholipid bilayer. This bilayer serves as the matrix and support for a vast array of proteins involved in important f ...
... It is widely recognized that phospholipids play multiple roles in cell processes. Their primary function is to define the permeability barrier of cells and organelles by forming a phospholipid bilayer. This bilayer serves as the matrix and support for a vast array of proteins involved in important f ...
Dev Biol 364(2), 138-48. PDF
... many structural and regulatory components that are commonly found and function in many epithelial tissues. However, the mechanism of TE formation is currently not well understood. Prickle1 (Pk1), a core component of the planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway, is essential for epiblast polarization befor ...
... many structural and regulatory components that are commonly found and function in many epithelial tissues. However, the mechanism of TE formation is currently not well understood. Prickle1 (Pk1), a core component of the planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway, is essential for epiblast polarization befor ...
Structure and Organelles
... Several organelles are involved in making and processing proteins. • The nucleus stores genetic information. • Many processes occur in the endoplasmic reticulum. • There are two types of endoplasmic reticulum. – rough endoplasmic reticulum – smooth endoplasmic reticulum ...
... Several organelles are involved in making and processing proteins. • The nucleus stores genetic information. • Many processes occur in the endoplasmic reticulum. • There are two types of endoplasmic reticulum. – rough endoplasmic reticulum – smooth endoplasmic reticulum ...
The Role of the Plant Nucleolus in Pre-mRNA Processing
... (Saez-Vasquez et al. 2004). In addition, the absence of nucleolin expression causes disruption of the structural organisation of the nucleolus (Pontvianne et al. 2007). Ribosomal RNAs contain numerous nucleotide modifications. The two major modifications in rRNA are 2′-O-ribose methylation and pseud ...
... (Saez-Vasquez et al. 2004). In addition, the absence of nucleolin expression causes disruption of the structural organisation of the nucleolus (Pontvianne et al. 2007). Ribosomal RNAs contain numerous nucleotide modifications. The two major modifications in rRNA are 2′-O-ribose methylation and pseud ...
Arabidopsis – a powerful model system for plant cell wall research
... and other functional genomic strategies in Arabidopsis have led to the identification of many genes encoding proteins involved in cell-wall biogenesis. These studies have had a major impact on our understanding of the synthesis of plant cell-wall polysaccharides, as well as the function of these pol ...
... and other functional genomic strategies in Arabidopsis have led to the identification of many genes encoding proteins involved in cell-wall biogenesis. These studies have had a major impact on our understanding of the synthesis of plant cell-wall polysaccharides, as well as the function of these pol ...
univERsity oF copEnhAGEn
... Genetically encoded fluorescent biosensors are increasingly used as the preferred method to visualize and analyse ion fluxes, signaling components, and metabolites, covering an expanding palette of cellular processes. While fluorescent proteins as such are mainly used for localization and expression ...
... Genetically encoded fluorescent biosensors are increasingly used as the preferred method to visualize and analyse ion fluxes, signaling components, and metabolites, covering an expanding palette of cellular processes. While fluorescent proteins as such are mainly used for localization and expression ...
Lectin Labeling of Sprouting Neurons I. Regional Distribution of
... The plasmalemma of the growing axon, largely composed of newly synthesized membrane, is likely to be involved in the mechanisms of guidance and target recognition (14, 21). Thus, it is not surprising that the sprouting axon's plasmalemma is different from that of the perikaryon, as indicated by free ...
... The plasmalemma of the growing axon, largely composed of newly synthesized membrane, is likely to be involved in the mechanisms of guidance and target recognition (14, 21). Thus, it is not surprising that the sprouting axon's plasmalemma is different from that of the perikaryon, as indicated by free ...
Fungi
... They cannot make their own food They do not ingest their food, rather, they absorb nutrients from the environment outside of its body ...
... They cannot make their own food They do not ingest their food, rather, they absorb nutrients from the environment outside of its body ...
Mitochondrial behaviour throughout the lytic cycle of Toxoplasma
... Morphological changes in the mitochondrion of extracellular tachyzoites. Most previously available imaging of mitochondrial morphology and dynamics in live T. gondii utilized a matrix marker whereby the leader sequence of mitochondrial HSP60 is fused to the red fluorescent protein and the resulting ...
... Morphological changes in the mitochondrion of extracellular tachyzoites. Most previously available imaging of mitochondrial morphology and dynamics in live T. gondii utilized a matrix marker whereby the leader sequence of mitochondrial HSP60 is fused to the red fluorescent protein and the resulting ...
The Role of the Arabidopsis ELD1 Gene in Cell
... dwarfism, twisted vascular strands, and, most notably, the abnormal deposition of suberin in vascular cells, a phenotype that has not been reported in any other dwarf mutant. Additionally, the mutant undergoes shoot development and then flowers in complete darkness. Characterization of such a mutant ...
... dwarfism, twisted vascular strands, and, most notably, the abnormal deposition of suberin in vascular cells, a phenotype that has not been reported in any other dwarf mutant. Additionally, the mutant undergoes shoot development and then flowers in complete darkness. Characterization of such a mutant ...
Comparison of the Leukocyte differentiation
... have characteristic large granules. Monocytes make up 3% to 6% of all leukocytes, phagocytose foreign bodies, mainly become macrophages, and mostly have segmented nuclei. Lymphocytes play a central role in immunity, make up 40% of all leukocytes, have a large nucleus to cytoplasm ratio, and are main ...
... have characteristic large granules. Monocytes make up 3% to 6% of all leukocytes, phagocytose foreign bodies, mainly become macrophages, and mostly have segmented nuclei. Lymphocytes play a central role in immunity, make up 40% of all leukocytes, have a large nucleus to cytoplasm ratio, and are main ...
Chapter 1
... May link the cytoskeleton to the membrane by means of its associations with glycophorin ►Actin: ...
... May link the cytoskeleton to the membrane by means of its associations with glycophorin ►Actin: ...
The enemy within: ricin and plant cells
... Ricin enters mammalian cells by endocytosis after opportunistic binding, via the B-chain, to surface components bearing exposed galactosides. Uptake occurs by both clathrin coated vesicles and by non-clathrin coated vesicles that form in a dynamin-independent process (Simpson et al., 1998). Both the ...
... Ricin enters mammalian cells by endocytosis after opportunistic binding, via the B-chain, to surface components bearing exposed galactosides. Uptake occurs by both clathrin coated vesicles and by non-clathrin coated vesicles that form in a dynamin-independent process (Simpson et al., 1998). Both the ...
A Flow Cytometry Approach to Detect In vivo Chromatin Compaction
... Isolated soybean protoplasts are kept in Cell Permeabilizing Solution on ice and stained by 6ug/ml Acridine Orange solution following Golan’s report [14]. A 488nm laser was used for double stranded DNA detection displaying green fluorescence while 488nm blue argon was used for single stranded DNA de ...
... Isolated soybean protoplasts are kept in Cell Permeabilizing Solution on ice and stained by 6ug/ml Acridine Orange solution following Golan’s report [14]. A 488nm laser was used for double stranded DNA detection displaying green fluorescence while 488nm blue argon was used for single stranded DNA de ...
Endoplasmic reticulum–mitochondria contacts: function of the junction
... b,c | Live confocal fluorescence time-lapse images of Cos‑7 cells (b) and yeast cells (c) showing mitochondrial constriction followed by division taking place at the site of an ER tubule crossing the mitochondria. Arrows indicate the initial site of constriction and arrowheads indicate the site of m ...
... b,c | Live confocal fluorescence time-lapse images of Cos‑7 cells (b) and yeast cells (c) showing mitochondrial constriction followed by division taking place at the site of an ER tubule crossing the mitochondria. Arrows indicate the initial site of constriction and arrowheads indicate the site of m ...
Document
... iii. the peritubular capillaries (not shown) would be located right next to the basement membrane on the right side, so there is very little interstitial space in the kidney XIV. General mechanism of Na+ reabsorption [S14] a. This process of sodium reabsorption is occurring in almost every cell in t ...
... iii. the peritubular capillaries (not shown) would be located right next to the basement membrane on the right side, so there is very little interstitial space in the kidney XIV. General mechanism of Na+ reabsorption [S14] a. This process of sodium reabsorption is occurring in almost every cell in t ...
Traffic between the plant endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi
... which consists of the small GTPase ADP-RIBOSYLATION FACTOR1 (ARF1) plus a heptameric complex of structural coat components, homologs of most of which have been identified in plants (reviewed by [11]). Inhibition of COPI function results in impaired ER export and disruption of the ERES [4], indicatin ...
... which consists of the small GTPase ADP-RIBOSYLATION FACTOR1 (ARF1) plus a heptameric complex of structural coat components, homologs of most of which have been identified in plants (reviewed by [11]). Inhibition of COPI function results in impaired ER export and disruption of the ERES [4], indicatin ...
Mitofilin complexes: conserved organizers of mitochondrial
... in respiratory chain complexes, F1Fo-ATP synthase, ADP/ ATP carrier and Oxa1, a protein required for biogenesis of mitochondrially encoded subunits of respiratory chain complexes (Figure 1) (Gilkerson et al., 2003; Vogel et al., 2006; Wurm and Jakobs, 2006; Stoldt et al., 2012). These membrane regio ...
... in respiratory chain complexes, F1Fo-ATP synthase, ADP/ ATP carrier and Oxa1, a protein required for biogenesis of mitochondrially encoded subunits of respiratory chain complexes (Figure 1) (Gilkerson et al., 2003; Vogel et al., 2006; Wurm and Jakobs, 2006; Stoldt et al., 2012). These membrane regio ...
Plasma membrane HATPase regulation is required for auxin
... the shoot leading to phototropic reorientation. To identify important regulators of auxin gradient formation, we developed an auxin flux model that enabled us to test in silico the impact of different morphological and biophysical parameters on gradient formation, including the contribution of the e ...
... the shoot leading to phototropic reorientation. To identify important regulators of auxin gradient formation, we developed an auxin flux model that enabled us to test in silico the impact of different morphological and biophysical parameters on gradient formation, including the contribution of the e ...
Here - New Mexico State University
... datasets currently available. The progress on the construction of the new web site, Echinobase, to accommodate these data will be reported. MicroRNAs regulate cell specification and cell movement in the purple sea urchin Jia L. Song, Nadezda Stepicheva, and Archana Siddam University of Delaware, New ...
... datasets currently available. The progress on the construction of the new web site, Echinobase, to accommodate these data will be reported. MicroRNAs regulate cell specification and cell movement in the purple sea urchin Jia L. Song, Nadezda Stepicheva, and Archana Siddam University of Delaware, New ...
Guidance of mesoderm cell migration in the Xenopus
... of gastrulation may differ between taxonomic groups (Winklbauer, 1994). Available evidence suggests that migration is essential for gastrulation in the chicken (Harrisson et al., 1993), and contributes to germ layer formation in carp (Gevers et al., 1993) and zebrafish (Yamashita et al., 2002). In t ...
... of gastrulation may differ between taxonomic groups (Winklbauer, 1994). Available evidence suggests that migration is essential for gastrulation in the chicken (Harrisson et al., 1993), and contributes to germ layer formation in carp (Gevers et al., 1993) and zebrafish (Yamashita et al., 2002). In t ...
Phospholipid Class and Fatty Acid Composition of Golgi Apparatus
... precursor particles within tubules and forming secretory vesicles of isolated Golgi apparatus partially explains the high neutral lipid content of this fraction (MorrC et al., 1969a,b). Hence, phospholipids of washed Golgi apparatus preparations are of particular interest since they can reasonably b ...
... precursor particles within tubules and forming secretory vesicles of isolated Golgi apparatus partially explains the high neutral lipid content of this fraction (MorrC et al., 1969a,b). Hence, phospholipids of washed Golgi apparatus preparations are of particular interest since they can reasonably b ...
Introduction to Microbiology
... • Nutritional requirements • Micro-organisms in water & wastewater ...
... • Nutritional requirements • Micro-organisms in water & wastewater ...
Cytokinesis
Cytokinesis (cyto- + kinesis) is the process during cell division in which the cytoplasm of a single eukaryotic cell is divided to form two daughter cells. It usually initiates during the early stages of mitosis, and sometimes meiosis, splitting a mitotic cell in two, to ensure that chromosome number is maintained from one generation to the next. After cytokinesis two (daughter) cells will be formed that are exact copies of the (parent) original cell. After cytokinesis, each daughter cell is in the interphase portion of the cell cycle. In animal cells, one notable exception to the normal process of cytokinesis is oogenesis (the creation of an ovum in the ovarian follicle of the ovary), where the ovum takes almost all the cytoplasm and organelles, leaving very little for the resulting polar bodies, which then die. Another form of mitosis without cytokinesis occurs in the liver, yielding multinucleate cells. In plant cells, a dividing structure known as the cell plate forms within the centre of the cytoplasm and a new cell wall forms between the two daughter cells.Cytokinesis is distinguished from the prokaryotic process of binary fission.