Accumulation of autophagic vacuoles and cardiomyopathy in LAMP
... 50% of the LAMP-2 deficient animals die between postnatal day 20 and 40, independent of sex and genetic background (C57B6/ Jx129SV and 129SV). In addition, LAMP-2-deficient mice are smaller than the wild type. The weight difference is maximal (35– 45%) between day 20 and 30. In older mice (over 60 d ...
... 50% of the LAMP-2 deficient animals die between postnatal day 20 and 40, independent of sex and genetic background (C57B6/ Jx129SV and 129SV). In addition, LAMP-2-deficient mice are smaller than the wild type. The weight difference is maximal (35– 45%) between day 20 and 30. In older mice (over 60 d ...
Hyphal homing, fusion and mycelial interconnectedness
... fusion is also required for the formation of female reproductive structures (protoperithecia) in filamentous ascomycetes such as N. crassa, although the hyphae that form the walls of these sexual organs become tightly adhered to each other [19]. Hyphal fusion is also essential for fertilization duri ...
... fusion is also required for the formation of female reproductive structures (protoperithecia) in filamentous ascomycetes such as N. crassa, although the hyphae that form the walls of these sexual organs become tightly adhered to each other [19]. Hyphal fusion is also essential for fertilization duri ...
Characterization of a Regular Array in the Wall of
... The reassembled product from isolated subunits of the regular array of L. buchneri contained approximately 96.5 % (w/w) protein when the freeze-dried preparation was analysed. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed one main protein band and a few very faint bands (Fig. 3a). The main band is ...
... The reassembled product from isolated subunits of the regular array of L. buchneri contained approximately 96.5 % (w/w) protein when the freeze-dried preparation was analysed. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed one main protein band and a few very faint bands (Fig. 3a). The main band is ...
A Dominant Negative Mutant of Cyclin-Dependent
... by flow cytometry and immunoblotting revealed similar phenotypes for both CDKA-DN events. Therefore, we selected the apparently highest expressing transgenic event of each construct for detailed biochemical analysis. T1 plants were backcrossed to the B73 inbred, and the resulting (BC2 and BC3) seeds ...
... by flow cytometry and immunoblotting revealed similar phenotypes for both CDKA-DN events. Therefore, we selected the apparently highest expressing transgenic event of each construct for detailed biochemical analysis. T1 plants were backcrossed to the B73 inbred, and the resulting (BC2 and BC3) seeds ...
The Bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase toxin binds to T cells via
... The interaction of CyaA with T cells is mediated by LFA-1 To further characterize the interaction of CyaA with its putative receptor on T cells, we compared CyaA binding to quiescent and activated T cells. Peripheral T cells were stimulated at different times with an agonistic anti-CD3 mAb, and CyaA ...
... The interaction of CyaA with T cells is mediated by LFA-1 To further characterize the interaction of CyaA with its putative receptor on T cells, we compared CyaA binding to quiescent and activated T cells. Peripheral T cells were stimulated at different times with an agonistic anti-CD3 mAb, and CyaA ...
Platelet Dense Granule Membranes Contain Both
... formation of atherosclerotic plaques. In particular, secretion of dense granule contents plays a pivotal role in formation of platelet thrombi. These storage organelles (also called dense bodies or &granules) contain serotonin, adenine and guanine nucleotides, calcium, magnesium, and inorganic phosp ...
... formation of atherosclerotic plaques. In particular, secretion of dense granule contents plays a pivotal role in formation of platelet thrombi. These storage organelles (also called dense bodies or &granules) contain serotonin, adenine and guanine nucleotides, calcium, magnesium, and inorganic phosp ...
The Arabidopsis repressor of light signaling SPA1
... showing that the direct substrate of the COP1/SPA complex, CONSTANS, also acts in the phloem. Taken together, our results highlight the importance of phloem vascular tissue in coordinating growth and development. Because the SPA1 protein itself is incapable of moving from cell to cell, we suggest th ...
... showing that the direct substrate of the COP1/SPA complex, CONSTANS, also acts in the phloem. Taken together, our results highlight the importance of phloem vascular tissue in coordinating growth and development. Because the SPA1 protein itself is incapable of moving from cell to cell, we suggest th ...
Stable benefit of embryonic stem cell therapy in - AJP
... Pucéat, and Andre Terzic. Stable benefit of embryonic stem cell therapy in myocardial infarction. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 287: H471–H479, 2004; 10.1152/ajpheart.01247.2003.—Conventional therapies for myocardial infarction attenuate disease progression without contributing significantly to r ...
... Pucéat, and Andre Terzic. Stable benefit of embryonic stem cell therapy in myocardial infarction. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 287: H471–H479, 2004; 10.1152/ajpheart.01247.2003.—Conventional therapies for myocardial infarction attenuate disease progression without contributing significantly to r ...
biological membranes and membrane transport
... The insulin receptor is embedded in the cell membranes of muscle, fat cells and certain types of other cells. Its function is to facilitate their uptake of glucose from the blood stream through special glucose transport proteins that are normally present inside the cell in an inactive form. When the ...
... The insulin receptor is embedded in the cell membranes of muscle, fat cells and certain types of other cells. Its function is to facilitate their uptake of glucose from the blood stream through special glucose transport proteins that are normally present inside the cell in an inactive form. When the ...
University of Groningen The Plasma Membrane of
... FIG. 1. Schematic representation of the various compartments (organelles) in S. cerevisiae. ...
... FIG. 1. Schematic representation of the various compartments (organelles) in S. cerevisiae. ...
Bio-ingr 10 en.indd
... The Bio-Ingredients Division was initially formed to develop value-added products while optimizing the seasonally available extra capacity in the yeast fermentation plants, and to recover the biomass from failed fermentations. At first, the products were comprised of inactivated yeasts and sold for ...
... The Bio-Ingredients Division was initially formed to develop value-added products while optimizing the seasonally available extra capacity in the yeast fermentation plants, and to recover the biomass from failed fermentations. At first, the products were comprised of inactivated yeasts and sold for ...
Protein S-nitrosylation in photosynthetic organisms: A
... NO is a free radical with an unpaired electron shared between the nitrogen and the oxygen atom. As a radical, NO is relatively unreactive. It does not react with itself nor it reacts with most biological molecules that have no unpaired electrons, but it tends to combine with other radicals and trans ...
... NO is a free radical with an unpaired electron shared between the nitrogen and the oxygen atom. As a radical, NO is relatively unreactive. It does not react with itself nor it reacts with most biological molecules that have no unpaired electrons, but it tends to combine with other radicals and trans ...
The cell biology of bone metabolism
... osteopetrosis and osteogenesis imperfecta. In order for the strength of the bone to be maintained, the process of bone turnover must be carefully regulated. This review will discuss the systemic and local regulatory mechanisms, as well as the cell–cell interactions involved in bone development, morp ...
... osteopetrosis and osteogenesis imperfecta. In order for the strength of the bone to be maintained, the process of bone turnover must be carefully regulated. This review will discuss the systemic and local regulatory mechanisms, as well as the cell–cell interactions involved in bone development, morp ...
Peroxisome degradation requires catalytically active sterol
... Since Ugt51 harbours a lipid-binding PH domain, it is likely to be associated to intracellular membranes. When micropexophagy was induced in P.pastoris cells by a carbon-source shift from methanol to glucose, the GFP± Ugt51 fusion protein was detected in a membrane fraction (the pellet after 100 000 ...
... Since Ugt51 harbours a lipid-binding PH domain, it is likely to be associated to intracellular membranes. When micropexophagy was induced in P.pastoris cells by a carbon-source shift from methanol to glucose, the GFP± Ugt51 fusion protein was detected in a membrane fraction (the pellet after 100 000 ...
Evidence for an Outer Membrane
... potential role of the cell envelope in the process are not yet understood. ...
... potential role of the cell envelope in the process are not yet understood. ...
Correlation of Endothelial Cell Shape and Wall Shear Stress in a
... regions of branching, however, the endothelial cell pattern not only is altered but also appears to be indicative of a time-averaged flow pattern in the immediate vicinity of the endothelium which would be consistent with that anticipated on the basis of fluid mechanic consideratons. Not only do the ...
... regions of branching, however, the endothelial cell pattern not only is altered but also appears to be indicative of a time-averaged flow pattern in the immediate vicinity of the endothelium which would be consistent with that anticipated on the basis of fluid mechanic consideratons. Not only do the ...
Syntaxin of Plant Proteins SYP123 and SYP132 Mediate Root Hair
... protein receptor; SYP, syntaxin of plant; TGN, trans-Golgi network; VAMP, vesicle-associated membrane protein; WT, wild-type. ...
... protein receptor; SYP, syntaxin of plant; TGN, trans-Golgi network; VAMP, vesicle-associated membrane protein; WT, wild-type. ...
structural responses of amoebae
... were unusually dense. Accompanying recognizable organelles were vesicles, granules, and a fiocculent, dense material, but much of the interior of the vacuole-like spaces was empty of formed material. Donor nuclei were generally too large to enter the micropipette used to transfer cytoplasm, but in r ...
... were unusually dense. Accompanying recognizable organelles were vesicles, granules, and a fiocculent, dense material, but much of the interior of the vacuole-like spaces was empty of formed material. Donor nuclei were generally too large to enter the micropipette used to transfer cytoplasm, but in r ...
Shaping mitotic chromosomes: From classical concepts to molecular
... Similarly, the 30 nm fibers observed by conventional EM might have resulted from isolating chromosomes in low Mg2þ conditions or from the fixation process. While it is still conceivable that small stretches of chromatin assemble into 30 nm arrays even within native mitotic chromosomes, these new dat ...
... Similarly, the 30 nm fibers observed by conventional EM might have resulted from isolating chromosomes in low Mg2þ conditions or from the fixation process. While it is still conceivable that small stretches of chromatin assemble into 30 nm arrays even within native mitotic chromosomes, these new dat ...
Identification of an estrogen receptor a non covalent ubiquitin
... endowing them with additionally signalling properties as well as by creating new surfaces for intra- and intermolecular interactions (i.e. Ub non-proteolytic functions). Thus, Ub is an intracellular messenger, whose nature as a signal resides in the Ub modification. Single Ub moieties (i.e. monoubiq ...
... endowing them with additionally signalling properties as well as by creating new surfaces for intra- and intermolecular interactions (i.e. Ub non-proteolytic functions). Thus, Ub is an intracellular messenger, whose nature as a signal resides in the Ub modification. Single Ub moieties (i.e. monoubiq ...
Autophagy in Plasmodium, a multifunctional pathway?
... nucleic acids, and pathogens. Interest in autophagy has surged in the past five years and is now seen as a therapeutic target in many diseases including cancer, neurodegeneration, and infectious disease [1-3], where not just host autophagy but that of the eukaryotic pathogen plays a critical role in ...
... nucleic acids, and pathogens. Interest in autophagy has surged in the past five years and is now seen as a therapeutic target in many diseases including cancer, neurodegeneration, and infectious disease [1-3], where not just host autophagy but that of the eukaryotic pathogen plays a critical role in ...
Protein actors sustaining arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis
... Because these structures are always surrounded by a host-derived plant plasma membrane, microbial biotrophs remain separated from the host cytoplasm. A resulting common feature of plant– biotroph associations corresponds to the existence of an interface, thought to be the main site of nutrient and s ...
... Because these structures are always surrounded by a host-derived plant plasma membrane, microbial biotrophs remain separated from the host cytoplasm. A resulting common feature of plant– biotroph associations corresponds to the existence of an interface, thought to be the main site of nutrient and s ...
A Role for the Cytoskeleton in Heart Looping
... signaling in association with the cytoskeleton. Small cardiomyocyte cell processes are shown extending into the basal lamina (see also Fig. 6). MMP-2 is thought to interact within the ECM in the microenvironment to release activating factors that can bind to cell surface receptors, as well as lead t ...
... signaling in association with the cytoskeleton. Small cardiomyocyte cell processes are shown extending into the basal lamina (see also Fig. 6). MMP-2 is thought to interact within the ECM in the microenvironment to release activating factors that can bind to cell surface receptors, as well as lead t ...
Drosophila Xpd Regulates Cdk7 Localization, Mitotic Kinase
... Abstract The trimeric CAK complex functions in cell cycle control by phosphorylating and activating Cdks while TFIIH-linked CAK functions in transcription. CAK also associates into a tetramer with Xpd, and our analysis of young Drosophila embryos that do not require transcription now suggests a cell ...
... Abstract The trimeric CAK complex functions in cell cycle control by phosphorylating and activating Cdks while TFIIH-linked CAK functions in transcription. CAK also associates into a tetramer with Xpd, and our analysis of young Drosophila embryos that do not require transcription now suggests a cell ...
The Regulation of S Phase Initiation by p27Kip1 in NIH3T3 Cells
... cyclin D1 levels are normally induced,1 while p27Kip1 (p27) levels are suppressed.2 These two molecular events then directly influence the activity of key cell cycle regulatory proteins. Cyclin D1 associated with cyclin dependent kinase (CDK) 4 or 6 inactivates the growth inhibitory retinoblastoma p ...
... cyclin D1 levels are normally induced,1 while p27Kip1 (p27) levels are suppressed.2 These two molecular events then directly influence the activity of key cell cycle regulatory proteins. Cyclin D1 associated with cyclin dependent kinase (CDK) 4 or 6 inactivates the growth inhibitory retinoblastoma p ...
Cytokinesis
Cytokinesis (cyto- + kinesis) is the process during cell division in which the cytoplasm of a single eukaryotic cell is divided to form two daughter cells. It usually initiates during the early stages of mitosis, and sometimes meiosis, splitting a mitotic cell in two, to ensure that chromosome number is maintained from one generation to the next. After cytokinesis two (daughter) cells will be formed that are exact copies of the (parent) original cell. After cytokinesis, each daughter cell is in the interphase portion of the cell cycle. In animal cells, one notable exception to the normal process of cytokinesis is oogenesis (the creation of an ovum in the ovarian follicle of the ovary), where the ovum takes almost all the cytoplasm and organelles, leaving very little for the resulting polar bodies, which then die. Another form of mitosis without cytokinesis occurs in the liver, yielding multinucleate cells. In plant cells, a dividing structure known as the cell plate forms within the centre of the cytoplasm and a new cell wall forms between the two daughter cells.Cytokinesis is distinguished from the prokaryotic process of binary fission.