The plant Golgi apparatus—Going with the flow
... exception of putative exit sites (see Section 3.2 below), from such studies, there is little evidence of specific sub-domains on the ER. In contrast to the ER tubular network, staining of the plant GA reveals a punctate pattern composed of hundreds of distinct structures approximately 1 Am in diamet ...
... exception of putative exit sites (see Section 3.2 below), from such studies, there is little evidence of specific sub-domains on the ER. In contrast to the ER tubular network, staining of the plant GA reveals a punctate pattern composed of hundreds of distinct structures approximately 1 Am in diamet ...
The travels of mRNAs through all cells large and small
... mRNA and is necessary for its transport during mitosis. Staufen-dependent localization of prospero mRNA requires intact actin filaments, in contrast to the requirement for microtubules in the localization of bcd RNA in Drosophila oocytes, which also involves Staufen (8). Miranda is another protein i ...
... mRNA and is necessary for its transport during mitosis. Staufen-dependent localization of prospero mRNA requires intact actin filaments, in contrast to the requirement for microtubules in the localization of bcd RNA in Drosophila oocytes, which also involves Staufen (8). Miranda is another protein i ...
Sister Chromatid Cohesion Control and Aneuploidy
... During cell division, the pair of recently synthesized DNA molecules, now called sister chromatids, remain in close proximity until the precise moment of segregation during the metaphase/anaphase transition. Sister chromatid cohesion is regulated by cohesin, a multiprotein complex, which was charact ...
... During cell division, the pair of recently synthesized DNA molecules, now called sister chromatids, remain in close proximity until the precise moment of segregation during the metaphase/anaphase transition. Sister chromatid cohesion is regulated by cohesin, a multiprotein complex, which was charact ...
1 METT-10, A Putative Methyltransferase, Inhibits Germ
... 2008). In wild type germ lines, a 3 hour EdU pulse labels most cells in the proliferative zone, but not in the adjacent meiotic region (Figure 1B). The suspected ectopic proliferating cells in mett-10(oz36) mutants label with EdU within a 3 hour period, showing that they are cycling (Figure 1C). Bec ...
... 2008). In wild type germ lines, a 3 hour EdU pulse labels most cells in the proliferative zone, but not in the adjacent meiotic region (Figure 1B). The suspected ectopic proliferating cells in mett-10(oz36) mutants label with EdU within a 3 hour period, showing that they are cycling (Figure 1C). Bec ...
Phloem imaging - Oxford Academic
... (Erni et al., 2009). Therefore, from the 1950s until the present day, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has been the medium of choice when subcellular detail needs to be studied. However, TEM requires elaborate tissue preparation and sectioning and only static images of dynamic processes can be ...
... (Erni et al., 2009). Therefore, from the 1950s until the present day, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has been the medium of choice when subcellular detail needs to be studied. However, TEM requires elaborate tissue preparation and sectioning and only static images of dynamic processes can be ...
pdf, 1.5 MB - The Nebenführ Lab
... independent Golgi stack/trans-Golgi network/Golgi matrix units that appear to be randomly distributed throughout the cytoplasm. To study the dynamic behavior of these Golgi units in living plant cells, we have cloned a cDNA from soybean (Glycine max), GmMan1, encoding the resident Golgi protein a-1, ...
... independent Golgi stack/trans-Golgi network/Golgi matrix units that appear to be randomly distributed throughout the cytoplasm. To study the dynamic behavior of these Golgi units in living plant cells, we have cloned a cDNA from soybean (Glycine max), GmMan1, encoding the resident Golgi protein a-1, ...
Death of developing neurons: New insights and implications for
... has been known for a long time that blocking synaptic transmission at the neuromuscular junction has a pro-survival effect on spinal cord motoneurons (Pittman and Oppenheim, 1978; Oppenheim et al., 2008). By contrast, surgical denervation of afferent connections leads to increased apoptosis of posts ...
... has been known for a long time that blocking synaptic transmission at the neuromuscular junction has a pro-survival effect on spinal cord motoneurons (Pittman and Oppenheim, 1978; Oppenheim et al., 2008). By contrast, surgical denervation of afferent connections leads to increased apoptosis of posts ...
Mitochondria Know No Boundaries: Mechanisms and Functions of
... depending on the cell type. Myosin is a fundamental protein for the organelle transfer, a process where high rates of ATP consumption are needed. Rho GTPases play an important role in organelle transfer through TNT. Miro1 and microtubules have been involved in the transfer of mitochondria upon injur ...
... depending on the cell type. Myosin is a fundamental protein for the organelle transfer, a process where high rates of ATP consumption are needed. Rho GTPases play an important role in organelle transfer through TNT. Miro1 and microtubules have been involved in the transfer of mitochondria upon injur ...
Responses to Cell Loss Become Restricted as the Supporting Cells
... LatA-treated SCs remained intact, even after 24 h treatments at the highest concentration (Fig. 2 A, C,D). Contrasting with those results, identical 24 h treatments with 5 M LatA resulted in partial disruption of F-actin bands in cells within the nonsensory epithelium that extends out from the edge ...
... LatA-treated SCs remained intact, even after 24 h treatments at the highest concentration (Fig. 2 A, C,D). Contrasting with those results, identical 24 h treatments with 5 M LatA resulted in partial disruption of F-actin bands in cells within the nonsensory epithelium that extends out from the edge ...
Flow Cell Design for Effective Biosensing
... or biosensors be developed for use with a commercially available flow cell [10]. Analyte delivery may be to an initially dry flow cell [11], or to a flow cell that already contains fluid (a wet cell). The latter includes some fluid injection systems, and situations where the biosensor requires wet s ...
... or biosensors be developed for use with a commercially available flow cell [10]. Analyte delivery may be to an initially dry flow cell [11], or to a flow cell that already contains fluid (a wet cell). The latter includes some fluid injection systems, and situations where the biosensor requires wet s ...
- PlantingScience
... Premise: Many students know that plants require water to live, but fewer understand the processes by which plants take up, transport, and release water. Although plants and plant organs clearly have ...
... Premise: Many students know that plants require water to live, but fewer understand the processes by which plants take up, transport, and release water. Although plants and plant organs clearly have ...
Leading to a Mild Immunodeficiency Activator trans
... due to the very poor prognosis of most patients (despite appropriate medical care). We report herein an unusual MHC class II deficiency phenotype in three affected siblings. Two siblings, now 21 and 22 years old, are mildly affected, and the third, who is 24 years old, is asymptomatic. However, apar ...
... due to the very poor prognosis of most patients (despite appropriate medical care). We report herein an unusual MHC class II deficiency phenotype in three affected siblings. Two siblings, now 21 and 22 years old, are mildly affected, and the third, who is 24 years old, is asymptomatic. However, apar ...
Ccbe1 regulates Vegfc-mediated induction of Vegfr3
... terminus of the protein. The protein localizes to secretory vesicles (Alders et al., 2009), and is secreted to the ECM, where it binds proteins such as collagens or vitronectin (Bos et al., 2011). Consistently, Ccbe1 functions non-cell-autonomously in zebrafish (Hogan et al., 2009a). There are no de ...
... terminus of the protein. The protein localizes to secretory vesicles (Alders et al., 2009), and is secreted to the ECM, where it binds proteins such as collagens or vitronectin (Bos et al., 2011). Consistently, Ccbe1 functions non-cell-autonomously in zebrafish (Hogan et al., 2009a). There are no de ...
Organelle motility in the pollen tube: a tale of 20 years
... Organelle movement is an evident feature of pollen tubes and is essential for the process of tube growth because it enables the proper distribution of organelles and the accumulation of secretory vesicles in the tube apex. Organelles move along the actin filaments through dynamic interactions with m ...
... Organelle movement is an evident feature of pollen tubes and is essential for the process of tube growth because it enables the proper distribution of organelles and the accumulation of secretory vesicles in the tube apex. Organelles move along the actin filaments through dynamic interactions with m ...
In vivo single-RNA tracking shows that most tRNA diffuses freely in
... The spatial distribution of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) has also been examined, with super-resolution imaging studies in live bacteria showing exclusion of ribosomes from the cell nucleoid (15); in contrast, ribosomal subunits S30 and S50 were shown to diffuse throughout the cell, and not to be excluded fr ...
... The spatial distribution of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) has also been examined, with super-resolution imaging studies in live bacteria showing exclusion of ribosomes from the cell nucleoid (15); in contrast, ribosomal subunits S30 and S50 were shown to diffuse throughout the cell, and not to be excluded fr ...
Single-cell absolute contact probability detection reveals
... and they extended to genomic distances as high as ~10 Mb (Fig. 3d), suggesting that changes in chromosome compaction between cell types arises from an increased frequency of interactions affecting all genomic scales. All in all, these data indicate that chromosome folding is highly variable, with ...
... and they extended to genomic distances as high as ~10 Mb (Fig. 3d), suggesting that changes in chromosome compaction between cell types arises from an increased frequency of interactions affecting all genomic scales. All in all, these data indicate that chromosome folding is highly variable, with ...
Plant Physiology
... Rhizobial invasion and infection thread penetration into root hair cells are crucial steps leading to the establishment and development of the Rhizobium-legume symbiosis. Although the early stages of nodule development have been studied in a large number of legumes, many questions relating to the en ...
... Rhizobial invasion and infection thread penetration into root hair cells are crucial steps leading to the establishment and development of the Rhizobium-legume symbiosis. Although the early stages of nodule development have been studied in a large number of legumes, many questions relating to the en ...
Heterotrimeric G proteins in C. elegans
... 6. Gα12 .................................................................................................................................. 15 6.1. Introduction ............................................................................................................... 15 6.2. Phenotypes ......... ...
... 6. Gα12 .................................................................................................................................. 15 6.1. Introduction ............................................................................................................... 15 6.2. Phenotypes ......... ...
Rac1 accumulates in the nucleus during the G2 phase of the cell
... ranged from 5 ± 2% nuclear in MDCK cells to 30 ± 5% nuclear in COS-1 cells (Fig. 1 C). Constitutively GTP-bound GFP-Rac1L61 was distributed in a pattern similar to that of wild-type GFP-Rac1 in each of the cell types. Moreover, GFP extended with the 11 C-terminal amino acids of Rac1 showed a higher ...
... ranged from 5 ± 2% nuclear in MDCK cells to 30 ± 5% nuclear in COS-1 cells (Fig. 1 C). Constitutively GTP-bound GFP-Rac1L61 was distributed in a pattern similar to that of wild-type GFP-Rac1 in each of the cell types. Moreover, GFP extended with the 11 C-terminal amino acids of Rac1 showed a higher ...
A1982PM90100001
... acid per 100 ml gave a haemolysate with optimal release and stabilisation of folate. By happy coincidence, this ascorbate concentration lowered the pH of the haemolysate toapproximately 4.6 which is optimum for the conjugase in plasma to deconjugate tolate polyglutamates in red cells to microbiologi ...
... acid per 100 ml gave a haemolysate with optimal release and stabilisation of folate. By happy coincidence, this ascorbate concentration lowered the pH of the haemolysate toapproximately 4.6 which is optimum for the conjugase in plasma to deconjugate tolate polyglutamates in red cells to microbiologi ...
Individual-based modelling of growth and migration of Salmonella
... It is the presence of inhibitory substances such as lysozyme, the shortage in available iron and the relatively high pH that make albumen an effective defence against bacteria (Baron et al., 1997). As a consequence, S. enteritidis will grow poorly or not at all in the albumen. If the initial contami ...
... It is the presence of inhibitory substances such as lysozyme, the shortage in available iron and the relatively high pH that make albumen an effective defence against bacteria (Baron et al., 1997). As a consequence, S. enteritidis will grow poorly or not at all in the albumen. If the initial contami ...
Receptor-mediated sorting of soluble vacuolar proteins: myths, facts
... To prevent their being released to the cell exterior, acid hydrolases are recognized by receptors at some point in the secretory pathway and diverted towards the lytic compartment of the cell (lysosome or vacuole). In animal cells, the receptor is called the mannosyl 6-phosphate receptor (MPR) and i ...
... To prevent their being released to the cell exterior, acid hydrolases are recognized by receptors at some point in the secretory pathway and diverted towards the lytic compartment of the cell (lysosome or vacuole). In animal cells, the receptor is called the mannosyl 6-phosphate receptor (MPR) and i ...
Krp1, a novel kelch related protein that is involved in pseudopod
... extensive reorganization in their cytoskeleton and become invasive (Hennigan et al., 1994; Lamb et al., 1997a). These cytoskeletal rearrangments result in a striking change in the morphology of the cells: they change from being ¯at with F-actin stress ®bres to being bipolar with long pseudopodia, wh ...
... extensive reorganization in their cytoskeleton and become invasive (Hennigan et al., 1994; Lamb et al., 1997a). These cytoskeletal rearrangments result in a striking change in the morphology of the cells: they change from being ¯at with F-actin stress ®bres to being bipolar with long pseudopodia, wh ...
ZAMZAMI N, KROEMER G, 2001. The mitochondrion in apoptosis
... antagonists favour its closure. • Divalent cations: Matrix Ca2+ increases the probability of pore opening. Matrix Mg2+ or Mn2+, and external divalent metal ions including Ca2+ all decrease the probability of pore opening. • Matrix pH: The permeability transition pore is closed at neutral or acidic p ...
... antagonists favour its closure. • Divalent cations: Matrix Ca2+ increases the probability of pore opening. Matrix Mg2+ or Mn2+, and external divalent metal ions including Ca2+ all decrease the probability of pore opening. • Matrix pH: The permeability transition pore is closed at neutral or acidic p ...
Cytokinesis
Cytokinesis (cyto- + kinesis) is the process during cell division in which the cytoplasm of a single eukaryotic cell is divided to form two daughter cells. It usually initiates during the early stages of mitosis, and sometimes meiosis, splitting a mitotic cell in two, to ensure that chromosome number is maintained from one generation to the next. After cytokinesis two (daughter) cells will be formed that are exact copies of the (parent) original cell. After cytokinesis, each daughter cell is in the interphase portion of the cell cycle. In animal cells, one notable exception to the normal process of cytokinesis is oogenesis (the creation of an ovum in the ovarian follicle of the ovary), where the ovum takes almost all the cytoplasm and organelles, leaving very little for the resulting polar bodies, which then die. Another form of mitosis without cytokinesis occurs in the liver, yielding multinucleate cells. In plant cells, a dividing structure known as the cell plate forms within the centre of the cytoplasm and a new cell wall forms between the two daughter cells.Cytokinesis is distinguished from the prokaryotic process of binary fission.