Lateral relocation of auxin efflux regulator PIN3 mediates tropism in
... phytohormone auxin1 – 3. Physiological studies implicated a specific transport system that relocates auxin laterally, thereby effecting differential growth4; however, neither the molecular components of this system nor the cellular mechanism of auxin redistribution on light or gravity perception hav ...
... phytohormone auxin1 – 3. Physiological studies implicated a specific transport system that relocates auxin laterally, thereby effecting differential growth4; however, neither the molecular components of this system nor the cellular mechanism of auxin redistribution on light or gravity perception hav ...
the effect of proteolytic digestion products on multiplication and
... by examination of each culture under the microscope. A permanent record was obtained by photographing the colonies from many experiments. I t is not possible by this means to measure small differences in the rates of multiplication, since the cells are ameboid and migrate over a large area. The tech ...
... by examination of each culture under the microscope. A permanent record was obtained by photographing the colonies from many experiments. I t is not possible by this means to measure small differences in the rates of multiplication, since the cells are ameboid and migrate over a large area. The tech ...
NH3/N2/CO2 I I |-|2
... readily apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that the above cell is readily adaptable to a continuous ?oW cell con ...
... readily apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that the above cell is readily adaptable to a continuous ?oW cell con ...
Light-dependent Dl Protein Synthesis and Translocation Is
... for the maturation of pD1 may be enriched in the interphase between the unappressed and appressed membrane domains.The Precursor of the Dl Protein Is Integrated in XII-Having identified pD1 in the unappressed domains of C. reinhardtii thylakoids, we addressed the question of whether pD1 is inserted ...
... for the maturation of pD1 may be enriched in the interphase between the unappressed and appressed membrane domains.The Precursor of the Dl Protein Is Integrated in XII-Having identified pD1 in the unappressed domains of C. reinhardtii thylakoids, we addressed the question of whether pD1 is inserted ...
SOMBRERO, BEARSKIN1, and BEARSKIN2 Regulate Root Cap
... layers. In the smb-3 mutant, there therefore seems to be a failure of the maturing LRC cells to cease dividing and complete maturation by the time they occupy the usual position of the mature LRC cell file. Furthermore, the cells previously in the mature position in smb-3 fail to detach from the roo ...
... layers. In the smb-3 mutant, there therefore seems to be a failure of the maturing LRC cells to cease dividing and complete maturation by the time they occupy the usual position of the mature LRC cell file. Furthermore, the cells previously in the mature position in smb-3 fail to detach from the roo ...
The Chemical Defense Ecology of Marine Unicellular Plankton
... operate by contact-mediated recognition processes (Calleja, 1984). A model system is the cellular slime mold Dictyostelium, explored for its insights into the evolution of mul- ...
... operate by contact-mediated recognition processes (Calleja, 1984). A model system is the cellular slime mold Dictyostelium, explored for its insights into the evolution of mul- ...
118 - University of Oxford
... The signals involved in streak formation, particularly the transforming growth factors, have also been studied recently. A number of members of the transforming growth factor beta family (TGF-β) have been shown to induce primitive streak formation. For example, activin has been shown to induce devel ...
... The signals involved in streak formation, particularly the transforming growth factors, have also been studied recently. A number of members of the transforming growth factor beta family (TGF-β) have been shown to induce primitive streak formation. For example, activin has been shown to induce devel ...
The GARP complex is required for cellular sphingolipid homeostasis
... environment. This membrane contains fat molecules called ‘sphingolipids’, which help to maintain the structure of the membrane and enable it to work correctly. These molecules are also used as signals to send information around the interior of the cell and are required for the cell to grow and divid ...
... environment. This membrane contains fat molecules called ‘sphingolipids’, which help to maintain the structure of the membrane and enable it to work correctly. These molecules are also used as signals to send information around the interior of the cell and are required for the cell to grow and divid ...
Tomato: a model species for fruit growth and development studies
... ripening of many fruits. Fruits, in general, show two distinct respiratory patterns during ripening and on this basis they are categorized into climacteric and nonclimacteric groups. In fruits classified as climacteric, the respiration rate increases, followed by an increase of ethylene production. ...
... ripening of many fruits. Fruits, in general, show two distinct respiratory patterns during ripening and on this basis they are categorized into climacteric and nonclimacteric groups. In fruits classified as climacteric, the respiration rate increases, followed by an increase of ethylene production. ...
Actin Dynamics in Muscle Cells
... In every cell, actin is a key component involved in migration, cytokinesis, endocytosis and generation of contraction. In non-muscle cells, actin filaments are very dynamic and regulated by an array of proteins that interact with actin filaments and/or monomeric actin. Interestingly, in non-muscle cel ...
... In every cell, actin is a key component involved in migration, cytokinesis, endocytosis and generation of contraction. In non-muscle cells, actin filaments are very dynamic and regulated by an array of proteins that interact with actin filaments and/or monomeric actin. Interestingly, in non-muscle cel ...
Lysosomal Function and Dysfunction
... (S1P), a metalloprotease embedded in the Golgi membrane that regulates cholesterol metabolism, is required for lysosome biogenesis. Cells lacking S1P display a characteristic lysosomal defect; rather than being targeted to the organelle, certain lysosomal enzymes are secreted out of the cells (22). ...
... (S1P), a metalloprotease embedded in the Golgi membrane that regulates cholesterol metabolism, is required for lysosome biogenesis. Cells lacking S1P display a characteristic lysosomal defect; rather than being targeted to the organelle, certain lysosomal enzymes are secreted out of the cells (22). ...
Neuronal body size correlates with the number of nucleoli
... Mature primary sensory ganglia neurons have been classified in three main types (A,B,C) on the basis of their size and the distribution of their organelles (Rambourg et al., 1983). Type A neurons are large neurons (40 –75 m in diameter), type B cells correspond to medium neurons (20 –50 m in diame ...
... Mature primary sensory ganglia neurons have been classified in three main types (A,B,C) on the basis of their size and the distribution of their organelles (Rambourg et al., 1983). Type A neurons are large neurons (40 –75 m in diameter), type B cells correspond to medium neurons (20 –50 m in diame ...
14-3-3 associates with cell surface aminopeptidase N in the
... The complexity of multicellular organisms demands extensive communication between cells of different germ layers in order to direct tissue development and repair. Increasing evidence suggests that bidirectional signaling between stromal and epithelial cells plays a crucial role in maintaining the in ...
... The complexity of multicellular organisms demands extensive communication between cells of different germ layers in order to direct tissue development and repair. Increasing evidence suggests that bidirectional signaling between stromal and epithelial cells plays a crucial role in maintaining the in ...
TGFβ/activin/nodal signaling is necessary for the maintenance of
... previously shown that BIO is also capable of maintaining hESCs in the undifferentiated state, even in the absence of CM, through activation of canonical WNT signaling (Sato et al., 2004; Meijer et al., 2003). Accordingly, BIO maintained phosphorylation of SMAD2/3 above levels seen in hESCs grown in ...
... previously shown that BIO is also capable of maintaining hESCs in the undifferentiated state, even in the absence of CM, through activation of canonical WNT signaling (Sato et al., 2004; Meijer et al., 2003). Accordingly, BIO maintained phosphorylation of SMAD2/3 above levels seen in hESCs grown in ...
PDF - Bezanilla Lab
... auxin, although the strongest GUS expression was found in young, actively growing cells of protonemal and gametophore tissue. The isolation of P. patens mutants resistant to the auxin analog, 1-naphthalene acetic acid (NAR mutants) (4) reveals a connection between auxin sensitivity and cytokinin pro ...
... auxin, although the strongest GUS expression was found in young, actively growing cells of protonemal and gametophore tissue. The isolation of P. patens mutants resistant to the auxin analog, 1-naphthalene acetic acid (NAR mutants) (4) reveals a connection between auxin sensitivity and cytokinin pro ...
REVIEW ARTICLE Establishment of the axis in chordates: facts and
... vegetal determinants and the alternative mechanism, gravitational influence, is implemented. The difference in the pace of symmetrization between the holoblastic and telolecithal egg types is not clear cut and there are eggs that are in between. In the holoblastic sturgeon (Acipenser), the relativel ...
... vegetal determinants and the alternative mechanism, gravitational influence, is implemented. The difference in the pace of symmetrization between the holoblastic and telolecithal egg types is not clear cut and there are eggs that are in between. In the holoblastic sturgeon (Acipenser), the relativel ...
Cell cycle genes regulate vestigial and scalloped to - HAL
... expression of the cell cycle positive regulator dE2F1 during wing development. Since wing disc growth is a homeostatic process, we investigated the possibility that genes involved in cell cycle progression regulate vg and sd expression in feedback loops. We focused our experiments on two major regul ...
... expression of the cell cycle positive regulator dE2F1 during wing development. Since wing disc growth is a homeostatic process, we investigated the possibility that genes involved in cell cycle progression regulate vg and sd expression in feedback loops. We focused our experiments on two major regul ...
In-Cell Solid-State NMR - Institut de Biologie Physico
... of samples can qualify as in cell: living cells (in vivo NMR), intact cells, and intact cellular compartments such as organelles and cellular envelopes (in situ NMR). Biological cells were studied by NMR as early as 1955 (1), and 15 years later the focus shifted from looking at water molecules to ex ...
... of samples can qualify as in cell: living cells (in vivo NMR), intact cells, and intact cellular compartments such as organelles and cellular envelopes (in situ NMR). Biological cells were studied by NMR as early as 1955 (1), and 15 years later the focus shifted from looking at water molecules to ex ...
Bugging the cell wall of bacteria
... found in monofunctional transglycosylases [37]. For long, the potential of the transglycosylation reaction as a target for the development of novel antibiotics was recognized, but it could not be fully exploited due to the poorly understood mechanism. Several classes of compounds are known that inhi ...
... found in monofunctional transglycosylases [37]. For long, the potential of the transglycosylation reaction as a target for the development of novel antibiotics was recognized, but it could not be fully exploited due to the poorly understood mechanism. Several classes of compounds are known that inhi ...
How proteins produce cellular membrane curvature
... at the sn-2 position of phospholipids, which results in the release of fatty acids and lysophospholipids (the latter are characterized by positive monolayer spontaneous curvature; TABLE 1). As long as it is confined to a local area, increasing the lysophospholipid density in a membrane monolayer tha ...
... at the sn-2 position of phospholipids, which results in the release of fatty acids and lysophospholipids (the latter are characterized by positive monolayer spontaneous curvature; TABLE 1). As long as it is confined to a local area, increasing the lysophospholipid density in a membrane monolayer tha ...
Choosing the Best Kinase Assay to Meet Your Research Needs
... Protein kinases are enzymes capable of transferring the γphosphate group from ATP to a serine, threonine or tyrosine residue in specific substrate proteins. These phosphorylation events modulate the activity of a vast number of proteins, including ion channels, transcription factors, phosphatases an ...
... Protein kinases are enzymes capable of transferring the γphosphate group from ATP to a serine, threonine or tyrosine residue in specific substrate proteins. These phosphorylation events modulate the activity of a vast number of proteins, including ion channels, transcription factors, phosphatases an ...
Practice Test Answer Key
... ____ 25. When a female salmon nears the end of her life, she returns to the river where she was born so that she can lay her eggs. This is an example of a. an inherited characteristic. c. a physical adaptation. b. an adaptation. d. a learned behaviour. ____ 26. A frog that buries itself in the mud f ...
... ____ 25. When a female salmon nears the end of her life, she returns to the river where she was born so that she can lay her eggs. This is an example of a. an inherited characteristic. c. a physical adaptation. b. an adaptation. d. a learned behaviour. ____ 26. A frog that buries itself in the mud f ...
Chen Tenwek 2015 Bullous Keratopathy
... Ablation of nerve plexus Lin P et al. Combined phototherapeutic keratectomy and therapeutic contact lens for recurrent erosions in bullous keratopathy. BJO 2001;85:908-11. Maini R et al. A comparison of different depth ablations in the treatment of painful bullous keratopathy with phototherapeutic ...
... Ablation of nerve plexus Lin P et al. Combined phototherapeutic keratectomy and therapeutic contact lens for recurrent erosions in bullous keratopathy. BJO 2001;85:908-11. Maini R et al. A comparison of different depth ablations in the treatment of painful bullous keratopathy with phototherapeutic ...
Salinity Effects on the Activity of Plasma Membrane H+ and Ca2+
... To test if such H -pump activity is responsible for the saltinduced eux of H observed in our experiments, 500 mM vanadate (a known inhibitor of plasma membrane H -ATPase; Lew and Spanswick, 1984) was added to the protoplast bathing medium. As expected, such vanadate treatment resulted in supp ...
... To test if such H -pump activity is responsible for the saltinduced eux of H observed in our experiments, 500 mM vanadate (a known inhibitor of plasma membrane H -ATPase; Lew and Spanswick, 1984) was added to the protoplast bathing medium. As expected, such vanadate treatment resulted in supp ...
Cytokinesis
Cytokinesis (cyto- + kinesis) is the process during cell division in which the cytoplasm of a single eukaryotic cell is divided to form two daughter cells. It usually initiates during the early stages of mitosis, and sometimes meiosis, splitting a mitotic cell in two, to ensure that chromosome number is maintained from one generation to the next. After cytokinesis two (daughter) cells will be formed that are exact copies of the (parent) original cell. After cytokinesis, each daughter cell is in the interphase portion of the cell cycle. In animal cells, one notable exception to the normal process of cytokinesis is oogenesis (the creation of an ovum in the ovarian follicle of the ovary), where the ovum takes almost all the cytoplasm and organelles, leaving very little for the resulting polar bodies, which then die. Another form of mitosis without cytokinesis occurs in the liver, yielding multinucleate cells. In plant cells, a dividing structure known as the cell plate forms within the centre of the cytoplasm and a new cell wall forms between the two daughter cells.Cytokinesis is distinguished from the prokaryotic process of binary fission.