Xror2 modulates convergent extension
... polarity (PCP) signaling in Drosophila (Heisenberg et al., 2000; Tada and Smith, 2000). Components of Wnt signaling for the PCP pathway include Frizzled 7 (Xfz7), Strabismus (Stbm), Dishevelled, a Formin Homology Protein called Daam1, and the Rho family GTPases, Rho, Rac and Cdc42 (all of which have ...
... polarity (PCP) signaling in Drosophila (Heisenberg et al., 2000; Tada and Smith, 2000). Components of Wnt signaling for the PCP pathway include Frizzled 7 (Xfz7), Strabismus (Stbm), Dishevelled, a Formin Homology Protein called Daam1, and the Rho family GTPases, Rho, Rac and Cdc42 (all of which have ...
Physiology
... unit is actually (usually) triphasic • Duration is between 3 and 15 msec • Magnitude is between 20-2000 microvolts, depending on the size of the motor unit • Frequency of http://www.holycross.edu/departments/biology/kprestwi/phys'02/labs/emg_lab/Phys'02_L1_Intro_E-myo&FFT.pdf ...
... unit is actually (usually) triphasic • Duration is between 3 and 15 msec • Magnitude is between 20-2000 microvolts, depending on the size of the motor unit • Frequency of http://www.holycross.edu/departments/biology/kprestwi/phys'02/labs/emg_lab/Phys'02_L1_Intro_E-myo&FFT.pdf ...
Alamethicin permeabilizes the plasma membrane and mitochondria
... more complex than that of animal mitochondria [4–6]. Besides being involved in primary metabolism and ATP production, plant mitochondria also take part in delivering precursors for biosynthesis, e.g. nitrogen assimilation [7]. Many of these processes also involve other cellular constituents: either ...
... more complex than that of animal mitochondria [4–6]. Besides being involved in primary metabolism and ATP production, plant mitochondria also take part in delivering precursors for biosynthesis, e.g. nitrogen assimilation [7]. Many of these processes also involve other cellular constituents: either ...
Decreased argyrophilic nucleolar organiser region
... score’ of the AgNOR expression did not differ from that of agematched controls. However, a noteworthy finding was related to a ‘specific score’ detected in the cerebellar cortex of nine SIUDS and four SIDS cases. Surprisingly, in fact, intermixed with several PCs showing a swollen, shrunken morphology ...
... score’ of the AgNOR expression did not differ from that of agematched controls. However, a noteworthy finding was related to a ‘specific score’ detected in the cerebellar cortex of nine SIUDS and four SIDS cases. Surprisingly, in fact, intermixed with several PCs showing a swollen, shrunken morphology ...
Germ Cell Speci fi cation - Molecular Biology and Genetics
... induction by extracellular signals and induction by germ plasm, a specialized cytoplasm inherited from the oocyte (Seydoux and Braun 2006). In this section, we describe evidence for each of these mechanisms acting in C. elegans. ...
... induction by extracellular signals and induction by germ plasm, a specialized cytoplasm inherited from the oocyte (Seydoux and Braun 2006). In this section, we describe evidence for each of these mechanisms acting in C. elegans. ...
Specific Organization of Golgi Apparatus in Plant Cells
... and/or radial system of microtubules in interphase, the preprophasic ring in the G2 phase, the division spindle during mitosis, and phragmoplast by the end of mitosis and during cytokinesis. The preprophasic ring of microtubules and the phragmoplast are structures typical only for plant cells. The p ...
... and/or radial system of microtubules in interphase, the preprophasic ring in the G2 phase, the division spindle during mitosis, and phragmoplast by the end of mitosis and during cytokinesis. The preprophasic ring of microtubules and the phragmoplast are structures typical only for plant cells. The p ...
Chapter 3 Cells and Tissues
... • Phagocytosis (“cell eating”)—engulfs large particles in a vesicle as a protective mechanism; destroys bacteria or debris from tissue damage (Figure 3-6) • Pinocytosis (“cell drinking”)—engulfs fluids or dissolved substances into cells • Both are active transport mechanisms because they require cel ...
... • Phagocytosis (“cell eating”)—engulfs large particles in a vesicle as a protective mechanism; destroys bacteria or debris from tissue damage (Figure 3-6) • Pinocytosis (“cell drinking”)—engulfs fluids or dissolved substances into cells • Both are active transport mechanisms because they require cel ...
Electrospun aniline-tetramer-co-polycaprolactone fibers for
... For several decades, cell therapies and tissue engineering have been increasingly considered as new therapeutic strategies to treat large bone defects or non-union fractions.[1–3] Recreating the complexity of native tissue through three-dimensional (3D) constructs, cell-material biografts, or biomat ...
... For several decades, cell therapies and tissue engineering have been increasingly considered as new therapeutic strategies to treat large bone defects or non-union fractions.[1–3] Recreating the complexity of native tissue through three-dimensional (3D) constructs, cell-material biografts, or biomat ...
NADPH oxidases as electrochemical generators to produce ion
... six transmembrane a-helices. EF—Ca2þ-binding EF-hand motif. PRR—proline-rich region, Src homology-3 domain. DUOX1 and DUOX2 were called dual oxidases because they have an additional ‘peroxidase’-like motif at their N-terminus on the outer surface of the membrane [27]. The product of the DUOXs is H2O ...
... six transmembrane a-helices. EF—Ca2þ-binding EF-hand motif. PRR—proline-rich region, Src homology-3 domain. DUOX1 and DUOX2 were called dual oxidases because they have an additional ‘peroxidase’-like motif at their N-terminus on the outer surface of the membrane [27]. The product of the DUOXs is H2O ...
Amyloid deposits - Lindquist Lab
... such as the sporadic versus variant forms of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). While the prion disease subtypes all involve the accumulation of a proteinase-K resistant form of the prion protein PrP (PrPres), they each affect different brain regions and involve distinct patterns of PrP aggregation.11 ...
... such as the sporadic versus variant forms of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). While the prion disease subtypes all involve the accumulation of a proteinase-K resistant form of the prion protein PrP (PrPres), they each affect different brain regions and involve distinct patterns of PrP aggregation.11 ...
Intracellular Redox Compartmentation and ROS
... (Noctor et al., 2014). Together with peroxisomes, which generate superoxide and H2O2 through multiple reactions, chloroplasts and mitochondria are the metabolic ROS powerhouses of plant cells (Foyer and Noctor, 2003). Because of their high capacity for ROS generation, it is often assumed that these ...
... (Noctor et al., 2014). Together with peroxisomes, which generate superoxide and H2O2 through multiple reactions, chloroplasts and mitochondria are the metabolic ROS powerhouses of plant cells (Foyer and Noctor, 2003). Because of their high capacity for ROS generation, it is often assumed that these ...
- Wiley Online Library
... near and n = 39 far). The average diameter of the neurites in which we tracked mitochondrial movement, determined from all of those for which we had DIC images, was 1.16 ± 0.1 μm (mean ± SEM, N = 19). Well above the diffraction limit of the point spread function (>400 nm), the apparent and real size ...
... near and n = 39 far). The average diameter of the neurites in which we tracked mitochondrial movement, determined from all of those for which we had DIC images, was 1.16 ± 0.1 μm (mean ± SEM, N = 19). Well above the diffraction limit of the point spread function (>400 nm), the apparent and real size ...
Fast Addressing of Plasma Display Panels
... Priming – most likely by exoelectrons (unless external UV is present), and following amplification due to avalanches. Fast growing PG discharge – source of electrons for ALL other regions (due to electron diffusion), leading to growth of the ion/current density everywhere, as the source (PG discharg ...
... Priming – most likely by exoelectrons (unless external UV is present), and following amplification due to avalanches. Fast growing PG discharge – source of electrons for ALL other regions (due to electron diffusion), leading to growth of the ion/current density everywhere, as the source (PG discharg ...
Effector-triggered defence against apoplastic fungal pathogens
... canker, global losses of approximately US$1 billion per year; and Zymoseptoria tritici, wheat septoria leaf blotch, with a global loss of approximately US$5 billion per year) (Table 1, Figure 1). These apoplastic pathogens are all ascomycetes and many of them are dothideomycetes [2]. Definition of a ...
... canker, global losses of approximately US$1 billion per year; and Zymoseptoria tritici, wheat septoria leaf blotch, with a global loss of approximately US$5 billion per year) (Table 1, Figure 1). These apoplastic pathogens are all ascomycetes and many of them are dothideomycetes [2]. Definition of a ...
A Difference between Rods and Cones in the Renewal of Outer
... formed in the inner segment was subsequently displaced to the outer segment in the retinal rods of rats and mice. He suggested that it might be the visual pigment (opsin) molecules which were being replaced. Transfer of protein to the outer segment, shortly after its production in rod inner segments ...
... formed in the inner segment was subsequently displaced to the outer segment in the retinal rods of rats and mice. He suggested that it might be the visual pigment (opsin) molecules which were being replaced. Transfer of protein to the outer segment, shortly after its production in rod inner segments ...
Neutrophils injure cultured skeletal myotubes
... and m is maximal release. Electron microscopy. Transmission and scanning electron microscopy were performed on several control cultures (myotubes only) and on cultures containing both neutrophils (nonin vitro-stimulated) and myotubes (E:T ratio of 5). Because of the severity of the neutrophil-mediat ...
... and m is maximal release. Electron microscopy. Transmission and scanning electron microscopy were performed on several control cultures (myotubes only) and on cultures containing both neutrophils (nonin vitro-stimulated) and myotubes (E:T ratio of 5). Because of the severity of the neutrophil-mediat ...
Denitrification of water in a microbial fuel cell (MFC) using seawater
... mL in the circular chamber and the bottle A. The chemicals sodium acetate (AR), peptone (bacteriological for microbiology), sodium phosphate dibasic dihydrate (AR), sodium phosphate monobasic monohydrate (AR), potassium nitrate (AR), sodium bicarbonate (AR) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich and used ...
... mL in the circular chamber and the bottle A. The chemicals sodium acetate (AR), peptone (bacteriological for microbiology), sodium phosphate dibasic dihydrate (AR), sodium phosphate monobasic monohydrate (AR), potassium nitrate (AR), sodium bicarbonate (AR) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich and used ...
Biological systems of the host cell involved in Agrobacterium infection
... biotechnology. The transformation results from the production of a single-stranded copy (T-strand) of transferred DNA (T-DNA) molecule by the bacterial virulence machinery, its transfer into the host cell followed by integration into the host genome (for recent reviews, see Gelvin, 2003; McCullen an ...
... biotechnology. The transformation results from the production of a single-stranded copy (T-strand) of transferred DNA (T-DNA) molecule by the bacterial virulence machinery, its transfer into the host cell followed by integration into the host genome (for recent reviews, see Gelvin, 2003; McCullen an ...
The subunit of voltage sensitive Ca 2+ channels is a single
... Diverse types of voltage-activated Ca 2+ channels have been identified of which L- and N-type have been isolated and their subunits described. The L-type consists of four different subunits c~l, ~2/g, fl and y which have been characterized in detail for rabbit skeletal muscle (for reviews, see [1-6] ...
... Diverse types of voltage-activated Ca 2+ channels have been identified of which L- and N-type have been isolated and their subunits described. The L-type consists of four different subunits c~l, ~2/g, fl and y which have been characterized in detail for rabbit skeletal muscle (for reviews, see [1-6] ...
Cell cycle behavior of human HP1 subtypes: distinct
... fluorescence microscope. In interphase nuclei, YFP-fused HP1 showed two different staining patterns: one, a series of bright regularly shaped spots; and the other, less bright irregularly shaped areas with some diffuse staining of the nucleoplasm. HP1β was predominantly found in the irregularly shap ...
... fluorescence microscope. In interphase nuclei, YFP-fused HP1 showed two different staining patterns: one, a series of bright regularly shaped spots; and the other, less bright irregularly shaped areas with some diffuse staining of the nucleoplasm. HP1β was predominantly found in the irregularly shap ...
Hypothesis review: are clathrin-mediated endocytosis and clathrin
... either encode proteins of the clathrin interactome directly, or proteins that are closely functionally linked to clathrin-dependent processes (see Table 1). Particularly strong evidence implicates the clathrin interactome genes Epsin 4 and Stonin 2. Several clathrin interactome genes are included in ...
... either encode proteins of the clathrin interactome directly, or proteins that are closely functionally linked to clathrin-dependent processes (see Table 1). Particularly strong evidence implicates the clathrin interactome genes Epsin 4 and Stonin 2. Several clathrin interactome genes are included in ...
Coding of Border Ownership in Monkey Visual Cortex
... Wiesel 1968, 1977). This notion has been modified by studies showing that responses evoked by a local stimulus can also be modulated by stimulation of a larger surround of that small area (which was then termed the “classical receptive field”; Nelson and Frost, 1978; Allman et al., 1985; Gilbert and ...
... Wiesel 1968, 1977). This notion has been modified by studies showing that responses evoked by a local stimulus can also be modulated by stimulation of a larger surround of that small area (which was then termed the “classical receptive field”; Nelson and Frost, 1978; Allman et al., 1985; Gilbert and ...
Slam and germ cell migration - Development
... partially redundant with other germ cell guidance genes, such as Hmgcr (see above). Another possibility is that slamwaldo mutants are not complete null alleles and/or that maternal contribution of slam partially rescues the germ cell migration phenotype. To address the second hypothesis, we generate ...
... partially redundant with other germ cell guidance genes, such as Hmgcr (see above). Another possibility is that slamwaldo mutants are not complete null alleles and/or that maternal contribution of slam partially rescues the germ cell migration phenotype. To address the second hypothesis, we generate ...
Evidence that Shh cooperates with a retinoic acid inducible co
... are induced in a mirror image fashion (Saunders and Gasseling, 1968). The molecular mechanisms underlying this process, although elusive for long time, are now starting to emerge. RA (Tickle et al., 1982), and Sonic hedgehog (Shh; Riddle, 1993; Chang et al., 1994; Lopez Martinez et al., 1995) have b ...
... are induced in a mirror image fashion (Saunders and Gasseling, 1968). The molecular mechanisms underlying this process, although elusive for long time, are now starting to emerge. RA (Tickle et al., 1982), and Sonic hedgehog (Shh; Riddle, 1993; Chang et al., 1994; Lopez Martinez et al., 1995) have b ...
Cytokinesis
Cytokinesis (cyto- + kinesis) is the process during cell division in which the cytoplasm of a single eukaryotic cell is divided to form two daughter cells. It usually initiates during the early stages of mitosis, and sometimes meiosis, splitting a mitotic cell in two, to ensure that chromosome number is maintained from one generation to the next. After cytokinesis two (daughter) cells will be formed that are exact copies of the (parent) original cell. After cytokinesis, each daughter cell is in the interphase portion of the cell cycle. In animal cells, one notable exception to the normal process of cytokinesis is oogenesis (the creation of an ovum in the ovarian follicle of the ovary), where the ovum takes almost all the cytoplasm and organelles, leaving very little for the resulting polar bodies, which then die. Another form of mitosis without cytokinesis occurs in the liver, yielding multinucleate cells. In plant cells, a dividing structure known as the cell plate forms within the centre of the cytoplasm and a new cell wall forms between the two daughter cells.Cytokinesis is distinguished from the prokaryotic process of binary fission.