T03 growth2013
... generated during this electron transfer via electron transport phosphorylation (electron carriers, electron transport chain, proton gradient, ATP synthase). For most bacteria the electron donor is an organic compound being oxidised to CO2 and the electron acceptor is oxygen, which is supplied by all ...
... generated during this electron transfer via electron transport phosphorylation (electron carriers, electron transport chain, proton gradient, ATP synthase). For most bacteria the electron donor is an organic compound being oxidised to CO2 and the electron acceptor is oxygen, which is supplied by all ...
mechanism of photosynthesis
... formed. The electron lost by P 700 is cycled back to it through X, FRS, FD and cytochrome-b6, cytochrome –f and plastocynanin. 2ATP molecules are synthesized from 2ADP and inorganic phosphate when electron is transferred from cytochrome–b6 to PQ and from cytochrome-b to cytochrome-f . ...
... formed. The electron lost by P 700 is cycled back to it through X, FRS, FD and cytochrome-b6, cytochrome –f and plastocynanin. 2ATP molecules are synthesized from 2ADP and inorganic phosphate when electron is transferred from cytochrome–b6 to PQ and from cytochrome-b to cytochrome-f . ...
Anaerobic degradation of aromatic amino acids by
... methionine, asparagine, aspartate and histidine) as a sole carbon and energy source. To the best of our knowledge, F. placidus is the first organism found to grow via anaerobic respiration with such a wide range of amino acids as the sole electron donor. It is also the only known hyperthermophilic a ...
... methionine, asparagine, aspartate and histidine) as a sole carbon and energy source. To the best of our knowledge, F. placidus is the first organism found to grow via anaerobic respiration with such a wide range of amino acids as the sole electron donor. It is also the only known hyperthermophilic a ...
ID_4450_General principles of metaboli_English_sem_5
... Pathways serve to increase the efficiency of energy transfers The rates of pathway reactions vary to respond to changing conditions The enzymes that catalyze reactions in metabolic pathways generally catalyze only a single step Most pathways are irreversible under physiological conditions Most pathw ...
... Pathways serve to increase the efficiency of energy transfers The rates of pathway reactions vary to respond to changing conditions The enzymes that catalyze reactions in metabolic pathways generally catalyze only a single step Most pathways are irreversible under physiological conditions Most pathw ...
1030ExamI
... C. Holds energy released from endergonic reactions and applies that energy to exergonic reactions D. Contains the sugar glucose E. Not used in any life processes 58. During glycolysis molecules of glucose are: A. Broken down into molecules of an intermediate named pyruvate B. Put together to form mo ...
... C. Holds energy released from endergonic reactions and applies that energy to exergonic reactions D. Contains the sugar glucose E. Not used in any life processes 58. During glycolysis molecules of glucose are: A. Broken down into molecules of an intermediate named pyruvate B. Put together to form mo ...
Acetyl CoA - WordPress.com
... the NAD+ required for this reaction and for the oxidation of glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate is regenerated when NADH ultimately transfers its electrons to O2 through the electron transport chain in mitochondria In the overall reaction, the carboxyl group of pyruvate is lost as CO2 while the remaining tw ...
... the NAD+ required for this reaction and for the oxidation of glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate is regenerated when NADH ultimately transfers its electrons to O2 through the electron transport chain in mitochondria In the overall reaction, the carboxyl group of pyruvate is lost as CO2 while the remaining tw ...
Plant respiration under low oxygen
... radiation to split water molecules (H2O) and reduce the carbon dioxide (CO2) compounds that can finally be stored as insoluble polysaccharides (starch) or used directly in the synthesis of other compounds. In plants glucose is the main substrate for respiration. This process oxidizes carbohydrates t ...
... radiation to split water molecules (H2O) and reduce the carbon dioxide (CO2) compounds that can finally be stored as insoluble polysaccharides (starch) or used directly in the synthesis of other compounds. In plants glucose is the main substrate for respiration. This process oxidizes carbohydrates t ...
CH 2
... pentose phosphate pathway are used for quite different purposes, it is sometimes necessary to produce them in different amounts. Therefore, the cell has different modes in which the pentose phosphate pathway can function. In the case where much more ribose-5-phosphate is required than NADPH, the rib ...
... pentose phosphate pathway are used for quite different purposes, it is sometimes necessary to produce them in different amounts. Therefore, the cell has different modes in which the pentose phosphate pathway can function. In the case where much more ribose-5-phosphate is required than NADPH, the rib ...
Lipid metabolism
... produce ATP during the oxidation steps(no substrate level phosphorylation) β-Oxidation yields Acetyl CoA,NADH & FADH,requiring TCA cycle and Respiratory chain for further metabolism TCA cycle and Respiratory chain requires O2 So Fatty acid cannot be used as an energy source in the absence of O2 ...
... produce ATP during the oxidation steps(no substrate level phosphorylation) β-Oxidation yields Acetyl CoA,NADH & FADH,requiring TCA cycle and Respiratory chain for further metabolism TCA cycle and Respiratory chain requires O2 So Fatty acid cannot be used as an energy source in the absence of O2 ...
Anaerobic Respiration
... Most of the energy from the glucose is still contained in the pyruvate. ...
... Most of the energy from the glucose is still contained in the pyruvate. ...
Carbohydrate Metabolism
... B. It is activated by chloride ions (cl-). C. It acts on cooked starch and glycogen breaking α 1-4 bonds, converting them into maltose [a disaccharide containing two glucose molecules attached by α 1-4 linkage]. This bond is not attacked by -amylase. Because both starch and glycogen also contain 1-6 ...
... B. It is activated by chloride ions (cl-). C. It acts on cooked starch and glycogen breaking α 1-4 bonds, converting them into maltose [a disaccharide containing two glucose molecules attached by α 1-4 linkage]. This bond is not attacked by -amylase. Because both starch and glycogen also contain 1-6 ...
Use to make Test Corrections (Answer in complete sentence +10 pts
... c. guard cells. d. mesophyll cells. e. bundle sheath cells. Which of the following is not associated with the thylakoid membranes? a. photosystems I and II b. electron transport chain c. ATP synthase d. antenna complex e. the Calvin cycle Noncyclic electron transport needs a constant supply of elect ...
... c. guard cells. d. mesophyll cells. e. bundle sheath cells. Which of the following is not associated with the thylakoid membranes? a. photosystems I and II b. electron transport chain c. ATP synthase d. antenna complex e. the Calvin cycle Noncyclic electron transport needs a constant supply of elect ...
5. Respiration Booklet TN
... IGNORE ‘heart doesn’t beat strongly enough’ or ‘heart beat is inefficient’ IGNORE ref to volume of blood without time/rate (2) less/irregular amount of, oxygen (reaching cells) for, (aerobic) respiration/oxidative phosphorylation; DO NO CREDIT no oxygen/no respiration (3) less glucose (reaching cell ...
... IGNORE ‘heart doesn’t beat strongly enough’ or ‘heart beat is inefficient’ IGNORE ref to volume of blood without time/rate (2) less/irregular amount of, oxygen (reaching cells) for, (aerobic) respiration/oxidative phosphorylation; DO NO CREDIT no oxygen/no respiration (3) less glucose (reaching cell ...
patrick_ch22_p3
... The proton pump is also called H+/K+-ATPase Chloride ions depart through a separate ion channel HCl is formed in the canaliculus The potassium ions exit the parietal cell as counterions for the chloride ions and are then pumped back in A separate potassium ion channel is used for K+ ions leaving the ...
... The proton pump is also called H+/K+-ATPase Chloride ions depart through a separate ion channel HCl is formed in the canaliculus The potassium ions exit the parietal cell as counterions for the chloride ions and are then pumped back in A separate potassium ion channel is used for K+ ions leaving the ...
Oxidized
... autotrophically, the formation of ATP is not enough – Reducing power (NADH) is also necessary – Reduced substances such as H2S are oxidized and the electrons eventually end up in the “quinone pool” of the photosynthetic membrane (Figure 13.17) ...
... autotrophically, the formation of ATP is not enough – Reducing power (NADH) is also necessary – Reduced substances such as H2S are oxidized and the electrons eventually end up in the “quinone pool” of the photosynthetic membrane (Figure 13.17) ...
Coenzymes and Cofactors (PDF Available)
... derivative of vitamin B12. While coenzymes participate directly in enzymatic catalysis, they are not usually covalently bound to the enzyme with which they function. Coenzymes may, in fact, be only loosely associated with the enzyme during catalysis, or in other instances may be tightly, but noncova ...
... derivative of vitamin B12. While coenzymes participate directly in enzymatic catalysis, they are not usually covalently bound to the enzyme with which they function. Coenzymes may, in fact, be only loosely associated with the enzyme during catalysis, or in other instances may be tightly, but noncova ...
Electron transport chain
An electron transport chain (ETC) is a series of compounds that transfer electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors via redox reactions, and couples this electron transfer with the transfer of protons (H+ ions) across a membrane. This creates an electrochemical proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis, or the generation of chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The final acceptor of electrons in the electron transport chain is molecular oxygen.Electron transport chains are used for extracting energy via redox reactions from sunlight in photosynthesis or, such as in the case of the oxidation of sugars, cellular respiration. In eukaryotes, an important electron transport chain is found in the inner mitochondrial membrane where it serves as the site of oxidative phosphorylation through the use of ATP synthase. It is also found in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast in photosynthetic eukaryotes. In bacteria, the electron transport chain is located in their cell membrane.In chloroplasts, light drives the conversion of water to oxygen and NADP+ to NADPH with transfer of H+ ions across chloroplast membranes. In mitochondria, it is the conversion of oxygen to water, NADH to NAD+ and succinate to fumarate that are required to generate the proton gradient. Electron transport chains are major sites of premature electron leakage to oxygen, generating superoxide and potentially resulting in increased oxidative stress.