Study of Alternative Functions of the Mitochondrial Protein Bak
... Figure 2: Mitochondrial electron transport chain and ROS production. Mitochondrial complex I uses electrons carried by NADH and complex II uses electrons from FADH 2 formed by succinate dehydrogenase to reduce coenzyme Q. Coenzyme Q shuttles these electrons to complex III, where they are transferred ...
... Figure 2: Mitochondrial electron transport chain and ROS production. Mitochondrial complex I uses electrons carried by NADH and complex II uses electrons from FADH 2 formed by succinate dehydrogenase to reduce coenzyme Q. Coenzyme Q shuttles these electrons to complex III, where they are transferred ...
Mitochondrial Inputs - School of Applied Physiology
... • Convert Glucose to Pyruvate – Yield 2 ATP + 2 NADH per glucose – Consume 2 ATP to form 2x glyceraldehyde phosphate – Produce 2 ATP + 1 NADH per GAP ...
... • Convert Glucose to Pyruvate – Yield 2 ATP + 2 NADH per glucose – Consume 2 ATP to form 2x glyceraldehyde phosphate – Produce 2 ATP + 1 NADH per GAP ...
Lecture 4 - Citric Acid Cycle 1 2 3 4 - chem.uwec.edu
... 1.7. Succinyl-CoA Synthetase The mechanism involves a series of transfer reactions ...
... 1.7. Succinyl-CoA Synthetase The mechanism involves a series of transfer reactions ...
27. GE_7.27 Gluconeo.. - College of Pharmacy at Howard University
... glucose 6-phosphate formation into balance with the rate of its utilization and re-establishing the steady state. What mechanism does this sound like? ...
... glucose 6-phosphate formation into balance with the rate of its utilization and re-establishing the steady state. What mechanism does this sound like? ...
Topological studies suggest that the pathway of the protons through
... synthase translocates protons across the membrane. In whole ATP synthase (F 1F0) the F0-mediated proton transport is tightly coupled to the synthesis or hydrolysis of ATP catalyzed by the F 1 part. By removal of F 1, the proton pathway in F0 is opened, and can be studied independently [1-4]. Recentl ...
... synthase translocates protons across the membrane. In whole ATP synthase (F 1F0) the F0-mediated proton transport is tightly coupled to the synthesis or hydrolysis of ATP catalyzed by the F 1 part. By removal of F 1, the proton pathway in F0 is opened, and can be studied independently [1-4]. Recentl ...
CNM
... Some enzymes require…………………for activity, these can be metal ions or derivatives of vitamins. The protein part of the enzyme without its cofactors is known as the ...
... Some enzymes require…………………for activity, these can be metal ions or derivatives of vitamins. The protein part of the enzyme without its cofactors is known as the ...
Electron transport chain…
... PMF drives ATP synthesis • diffusion of protons back across membrane (down gradient) drives formation of ATP • ATP synthase – enzyme that uses PMF down gradient to catalyze ATP synthesis ...
... PMF drives ATP synthesis • diffusion of protons back across membrane (down gradient) drives formation of ATP • ATP synthase – enzyme that uses PMF down gradient to catalyze ATP synthesis ...
TCA (Krebs) Cycle
... ©Copyright 1999-2004 by Gene C. Lavers No part of this presentation may be reproduced by any mechanical, photographic, or electronic process, or in the form of a phonographic recording, nor may it be stored in a retrieval system, transmitted, or otherwise copied for public or private use, without wr ...
... ©Copyright 1999-2004 by Gene C. Lavers No part of this presentation may be reproduced by any mechanical, photographic, or electronic process, or in the form of a phonographic recording, nor may it be stored in a retrieval system, transmitted, or otherwise copied for public or private use, without wr ...
lecture1
... basicity is difficult, potential is widely positive. Those with strong basicity have narrowly positive potentials and are easily oxidized. Strong oxidizing agent is stable in weakly basic solvents and substances difficult to oxidize can be oxidized in them. But unstable in strongly basic solvents. ...
... basicity is difficult, potential is widely positive. Those with strong basicity have narrowly positive potentials and are easily oxidized. Strong oxidizing agent is stable in weakly basic solvents and substances difficult to oxidize can be oxidized in them. But unstable in strongly basic solvents. ...
Glucose Metabolism Glycolysis Expectations
... • A liver biopsy of a four‐year old boy indicated that the F‐1,6‐Bpase enzyme activity was 20% normal. The patient’s blood glucose levels were normal at the beginning of a fast, but then decreased suddenly. Pyruvate and alanine concentrations were also elevated, as was the glyceraldehyde/DHAP ...
... • A liver biopsy of a four‐year old boy indicated that the F‐1,6‐Bpase enzyme activity was 20% normal. The patient’s blood glucose levels were normal at the beginning of a fast, but then decreased suddenly. Pyruvate and alanine concentrations were also elevated, as was the glyceraldehyde/DHAP ...
Chapter 3
... electron transport chain is the formation of ATP and water. Water is formed by oxygen-accepting electrons; hence, the reason we breathe oxygen is to use it as the final acceptor of electrons in aerobic metabolism. ...
... electron transport chain is the formation of ATP and water. Water is formed by oxygen-accepting electrons; hence, the reason we breathe oxygen is to use it as the final acceptor of electrons in aerobic metabolism. ...
4:6 Fermentation
... 4.6 Fermentation • Alcoholic fermentation is similar to lactic acid fermentation. – glycolysis splits glucose and the products enter fermentation – energy from NADH is used to split pyruvate into an alcohol and carbon dioxide – NADH is changed back into NAD+ – NAD+ is recycled to glycolysis ...
... 4.6 Fermentation • Alcoholic fermentation is similar to lactic acid fermentation. – glycolysis splits glucose and the products enter fermentation – energy from NADH is used to split pyruvate into an alcohol and carbon dioxide – NADH is changed back into NAD+ – NAD+ is recycled to glycolysis ...
Metabolic modeling and comparative biochemistry in glyoxylate cycle
... individually from the sum of acetyl-CoA, NAHD and FADH2 molecules number, and substrate level phosphorylation, generated in the oxidation of fatty acids with specific numbers of carbon atoms in glyoxysomes (Table 2). In both conditions, the ATP amounts obtained are equivalent. Taking these equivalen ...
... individually from the sum of acetyl-CoA, NAHD and FADH2 molecules number, and substrate level phosphorylation, generated in the oxidation of fatty acids with specific numbers of carbon atoms in glyoxysomes (Table 2). In both conditions, the ATP amounts obtained are equivalent. Taking these equivalen ...
Life 9e - Garvness
... c. Cytochromes, FADH, and NADH are oxidized. d. Only NAD+ is reduced. e. None of the above Answer: c Textbook Reference: 9.3 How Does Oxidative Phosphorylation Form ATP? Page: 178 Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering 48. The electron transport chain contains four large protein complexes (I, II, III, an ...
... c. Cytochromes, FADH, and NADH are oxidized. d. Only NAD+ is reduced. e. None of the above Answer: c Textbook Reference: 9.3 How Does Oxidative Phosphorylation Form ATP? Page: 178 Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering 48. The electron transport chain contains four large protein complexes (I, II, III, an ...
glucose-6-P - WordPress.com
... forming phosphoenolpyruvate. Enolase is inhibited by fluoride, and when blood samples are taken for measurement of glucose, it is collected in tubes containing fluoride to inhibit glycolysis. The enzyme is also dependent on the presence of either Mg2+ or Mn2+. ...
... forming phosphoenolpyruvate. Enolase is inhibited by fluoride, and when blood samples are taken for measurement of glucose, it is collected in tubes containing fluoride to inhibit glycolysis. The enzyme is also dependent on the presence of either Mg2+ or Mn2+. ...
BS3050 Physiology of Sport and Exercise
... The citric acid cycle is the final common pathway for the aerobic oxidation of fuel molecules. Entry of substrates into the cycle is via Acetyl CoA which is formed from pyruvate in the mitochondria by an enzyme complex known as pyruvate dehydrogenase: Pyruvate + Coenzyme A + NAD+ AcetylCoA + CO2 + ...
... The citric acid cycle is the final common pathway for the aerobic oxidation of fuel molecules. Entry of substrates into the cycle is via Acetyl CoA which is formed from pyruvate in the mitochondria by an enzyme complex known as pyruvate dehydrogenase: Pyruvate + Coenzyme A + NAD+ AcetylCoA + CO2 + ...
10.25-11.3.11 Glycolysis
... •Cells are far away from equilibrium and far away from standard state conditions. We have much more ATP than would be dictated by equilibrium; the ratio of ATP to ADP+Pi in some cells is as high as 200/1 rather than 1/200,000. •This means that a cell can be far from equilibrium w.r. to this ratio, a ...
... •Cells are far away from equilibrium and far away from standard state conditions. We have much more ATP than would be dictated by equilibrium; the ratio of ATP to ADP+Pi in some cells is as high as 200/1 rather than 1/200,000. •This means that a cell can be far from equilibrium w.r. to this ratio, a ...
... of the product and indicate any other substrates and/or products (e.g. ATP) that are involved in this CH2OPO3 reaction. OR ii) Most of the key energy generating steps in the TCA cycle generate energy with an identical O biochemical mechanism. The substrate for one of these reactions, Pyruvate, is sh ...
CITRIC ACID (KREB`S, TCA) CYCLE
... The citric acid cycle is important for the biosynthesis of glucose, lipids, and some amino acids. ...
... The citric acid cycle is important for the biosynthesis of glucose, lipids, and some amino acids. ...
Electron transport chain
An electron transport chain (ETC) is a series of compounds that transfer electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors via redox reactions, and couples this electron transfer with the transfer of protons (H+ ions) across a membrane. This creates an electrochemical proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis, or the generation of chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The final acceptor of electrons in the electron transport chain is molecular oxygen.Electron transport chains are used for extracting energy via redox reactions from sunlight in photosynthesis or, such as in the case of the oxidation of sugars, cellular respiration. In eukaryotes, an important electron transport chain is found in the inner mitochondrial membrane where it serves as the site of oxidative phosphorylation through the use of ATP synthase. It is also found in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast in photosynthetic eukaryotes. In bacteria, the electron transport chain is located in their cell membrane.In chloroplasts, light drives the conversion of water to oxygen and NADP+ to NADPH with transfer of H+ ions across chloroplast membranes. In mitochondria, it is the conversion of oxygen to water, NADH to NAD+ and succinate to fumarate that are required to generate the proton gradient. Electron transport chains are major sites of premature electron leakage to oxygen, generating superoxide and potentially resulting in increased oxidative stress.