Chapter 24 Fatty Acids as Energy Source Fatty Acids as Energy
... • Initial double bond formation is by an acylCoA oxidase containing FAD • FADH2 of the oxidase is reoxidized by oxygen, producing hydrogen peroxide • Fig 24.25 ...
... • Initial double bond formation is by an acylCoA oxidase containing FAD • FADH2 of the oxidase is reoxidized by oxygen, producing hydrogen peroxide • Fig 24.25 ...
Lecture Eighteen - Personal Webspace for QMUL
... [ Figure, Page 486 upper] [ Figure, page 526 upper] [Figure, page 506 upper] Formation of Succinate [ Figure, Page 487 ] [ Figure, page 527 ] [Figure, page 507] Formation of Oxaloacetate This breaks down into the basic steps: Two carbon atoms enter the cycle as acetyl CoA Two carbon atoms leav ...
... [ Figure, Page 486 upper] [ Figure, page 526 upper] [Figure, page 506 upper] Formation of Succinate [ Figure, Page 487 ] [ Figure, page 527 ] [Figure, page 507] Formation of Oxaloacetate This breaks down into the basic steps: Two carbon atoms enter the cycle as acetyl CoA Two carbon atoms leav ...
Sample lab - eScience Labs
... ETC functions to regenerate oxidized molecules (coenzymes) from their reduced state so that other glucose molecules can be converted to energy through future rounds of respiration. To accomplish this objective, electrons (and hydrogen ions) from FADH2 and NADH are transferred to enzyme complexes emb ...
... ETC functions to regenerate oxidized molecules (coenzymes) from their reduced state so that other glucose molecules can be converted to energy through future rounds of respiration. To accomplish this objective, electrons (and hydrogen ions) from FADH2 and NADH are transferred to enzyme complexes emb ...
... 15. (8 pts) Please do one of the following choices (choices A & B involve glucolysis/gluconeogenesis regulation, choice C involves regulation of glycogen storage and degradation). Choice A: Briefly describe how the regulation of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis in a liver cell is responsive to the ene ...
PYRUVATE OXIDATION, KREBS CYCLE agnes je... 583KB Nov 04
... 2 pyruvate + 2 NAD + 2 CoA -> 2 acetyl-CoA + 2 NADH + 2H2+ 2 CO2 • acetyl CoA - central molecule in energy metabolism o proteins, lipids, can also be broken down into acetyl CoA o can produce fat or ATP, depending on ATP levels in the cell ...
... 2 pyruvate + 2 NAD + 2 CoA -> 2 acetyl-CoA + 2 NADH + 2H2+ 2 CO2 • acetyl CoA - central molecule in energy metabolism o proteins, lipids, can also be broken down into acetyl CoA o can produce fat or ATP, depending on ATP levels in the cell ...
L14_Adv06PDHwebCT
... DGo' of a reaction may be positive, and DG negative, depending on cellular concentrations of reactants and products. Many reactions for which DGo' is positive are spontaneous in vivo because other reactions cause [products] or [substrate]. any [products] or [substrate] that moves the reaction ...
... DGo' of a reaction may be positive, and DG negative, depending on cellular concentrations of reactants and products. Many reactions for which DGo' is positive are spontaneous in vivo because other reactions cause [products] or [substrate]. any [products] or [substrate] that moves the reaction ...
Lab 5 Sugar Fermentation in Yeast
... of energy stored in the chemical bonds of glucose to bonds in adenosine triphosphate, ATP. The energy stored in ATP can then be used to perform cellular work: provide energy for biosynthetic reactions (e.g. growth and repair processes, active transport, etc.). All organisms (i.e. monerans, protists, ...
... of energy stored in the chemical bonds of glucose to bonds in adenosine triphosphate, ATP. The energy stored in ATP can then be used to perform cellular work: provide energy for biosynthetic reactions (e.g. growth and repair processes, active transport, etc.). All organisms (i.e. monerans, protists, ...
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase
... • [G-3P] is maintained well below the equilibrium level by being processed through the glycolytic pathway ...
... • [G-3P] is maintained well below the equilibrium level by being processed through the glycolytic pathway ...
Bio1A - Lec 9 slides File
... • Some redox reactions do not transfer electrons but change the electron sharing in covalent bonds • An example is the reaction between methane and O2 ...
... • Some redox reactions do not transfer electrons but change the electron sharing in covalent bonds • An example is the reaction between methane and O2 ...
Amino Acid Metabolism
... • The enzymes glutamate synthase, glutamine synthetase, glutamate dehydrogenase, and aminotransferases are responsible for the vast majority of nitrogen metabolizing reactions in most organisms. • Protein degradation by the protozomal complex releases oligopeptides that are degraded into individual ...
... • The enzymes glutamate synthase, glutamine synthetase, glutamate dehydrogenase, and aminotransferases are responsible for the vast majority of nitrogen metabolizing reactions in most organisms. • Protein degradation by the protozomal complex releases oligopeptides that are degraded into individual ...
Bis2A 07.1 Glycolysis
... Step 3. The third step is the phosphorylation of fructose-6-phosphate, catalyzed by the enzyme phosphofructokinase. A second ATP molecule donates a high-energy phosphate to fructose-6-phosphate, producing fructose-1,6-bisphosphate. In this pathway, phosphofructokinase is a rate-limiting enzyme. It i ...
... Step 3. The third step is the phosphorylation of fructose-6-phosphate, catalyzed by the enzyme phosphofructokinase. A second ATP molecule donates a high-energy phosphate to fructose-6-phosphate, producing fructose-1,6-bisphosphate. In this pathway, phosphofructokinase is a rate-limiting enzyme. It i ...
Exercise-Induced Metabolic Acidosis
... production, the development of acidosis, the added free H+ and CO2 stimulation of ventilation, and the temporal alignment of the lactate and ventilatory thresholds. The above physiological and biochemical interpretations of a lactate-dependent acidosis during exercise are so engrained that hundreds ...
... production, the development of acidosis, the added free H+ and CO2 stimulation of ventilation, and the temporal alignment of the lactate and ventilatory thresholds. The above physiological and biochemical interpretations of a lactate-dependent acidosis during exercise are so engrained that hundreds ...
Print - Circulation Research
... Interactions of the malate-aspartate cycle, the glycolytic pathway, and the citric acid cycle which allow indirect oxidation of cytosolic NADH, rapid alteration of citric acid cycle intermediate levels, and fine coordination of cytosolic and mitochondrial energy metabolism. The malate-a-ketoglutarat ...
... Interactions of the malate-aspartate cycle, the glycolytic pathway, and the citric acid cycle which allow indirect oxidation of cytosolic NADH, rapid alteration of citric acid cycle intermediate levels, and fine coordination of cytosolic and mitochondrial energy metabolism. The malate-a-ketoglutarat ...
03-232 Exam III 2013 Name:__________________________
... iii) What is the next step in the energy flow? (1pt, no need to give details, just state how the energy is stored, you can provide the details in Q13) NADH/FADH2 enter the electron transport chain. When these are oxidized back to NAD+/FAD, the energy released is stored in a H+ gradient across the in ...
... iii) What is the next step in the energy flow? (1pt, no need to give details, just state how the energy is stored, you can provide the details in Q13) NADH/FADH2 enter the electron transport chain. When these are oxidized back to NAD+/FAD, the energy released is stored in a H+ gradient across the in ...
Metabolism of fat File
... an acyl-CoA derivative containing two carbons less than the original acyl-CoA molecule that underwent this oxidation. • The acyl-CoA formed in the cleavage reaction renters the oxidative pathway at reaction 1. ...
... an acyl-CoA derivative containing two carbons less than the original acyl-CoA molecule that underwent this oxidation. • The acyl-CoA formed in the cleavage reaction renters the oxidative pathway at reaction 1. ...
OXIDATION AND REDUCTION REACTION
... BALANCING REDOX REACTIONS BY THE ION-ELECTRON METHOD Simply list the steps to balance a redox reaction in an acidic (or neutral) medium. Balancing redox reactions by the ion-electron method has 8 steps. ...
... BALANCING REDOX REACTIONS BY THE ION-ELECTRON METHOD Simply list the steps to balance a redox reaction in an acidic (or neutral) medium. Balancing redox reactions by the ion-electron method has 8 steps. ...
Glucose-6-P to Fructose-6-P
... • First step in glycolysis • Large negative deltaG • Hexokinase is regulated - allosterically inhibited by (product) glucose-6-P • Corresponding reverse reaction (Gluconeogenesis) is catalyzed by a different enzyme (glucose-6phosphatase) • Is it the committed step in glycolysis ? ...
... • First step in glycolysis • Large negative deltaG • Hexokinase is regulated - allosterically inhibited by (product) glucose-6-P • Corresponding reverse reaction (Gluconeogenesis) is catalyzed by a different enzyme (glucose-6phosphatase) • Is it the committed step in glycolysis ? ...
Electron transport chain
An electron transport chain (ETC) is a series of compounds that transfer electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors via redox reactions, and couples this electron transfer with the transfer of protons (H+ ions) across a membrane. This creates an electrochemical proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis, or the generation of chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The final acceptor of electrons in the electron transport chain is molecular oxygen.Electron transport chains are used for extracting energy via redox reactions from sunlight in photosynthesis or, such as in the case of the oxidation of sugars, cellular respiration. In eukaryotes, an important electron transport chain is found in the inner mitochondrial membrane where it serves as the site of oxidative phosphorylation through the use of ATP synthase. It is also found in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast in photosynthetic eukaryotes. In bacteria, the electron transport chain is located in their cell membrane.In chloroplasts, light drives the conversion of water to oxygen and NADP+ to NADPH with transfer of H+ ions across chloroplast membranes. In mitochondria, it is the conversion of oxygen to water, NADH to NAD+ and succinate to fumarate that are required to generate the proton gradient. Electron transport chains are major sites of premature electron leakage to oxygen, generating superoxide and potentially resulting in increased oxidative stress.