222 Coenzymes.p65
... 2. The electrons are passed a long a series of carriers (reoxidising the coenzyme) 3. Energy is released from the electrons and is used by coenzymes to pump protons across the intermembrane space, creating a proton gradient 4. Protons are able to diffuse back across the inner membrane via ion channe ...
... 2. The electrons are passed a long a series of carriers (reoxidising the coenzyme) 3. Energy is released from the electrons and is used by coenzymes to pump protons across the intermembrane space, creating a proton gradient 4. Protons are able to diffuse back across the inner membrane via ion channe ...
Electron Transport Chain, Oxidative phosphorylation and Pentose
... 2. How many Co-enzyme Q10 molecules will be needed to oxidize one molecule of NADH, or one molecule of FADH2. One molecule of CoQ10 3. Fe++/Fe+++ plays major role in the transfer electron s from one molecule to other during mitochondrial ETC and many complexes and proteins have either Fe-S centres o ...
... 2. How many Co-enzyme Q10 molecules will be needed to oxidize one molecule of NADH, or one molecule of FADH2. One molecule of CoQ10 3. Fe++/Fe+++ plays major role in the transfer electron s from one molecule to other during mitochondrial ETC and many complexes and proteins have either Fe-S centres o ...
Pyruvic acid is
... The inner membrane contains 5 complexes of integral membrane proteins: • NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I) • succinate dehydrogenase (Complex II) • cytochrome c reductase (Complex III; also known as the cytochrome b-c1 complex) • cytochrome c oxidase (Complex IV) • ATP synthase (Complex V) ...
... The inner membrane contains 5 complexes of integral membrane proteins: • NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I) • succinate dehydrogenase (Complex II) • cytochrome c reductase (Complex III; also known as the cytochrome b-c1 complex) • cytochrome c oxidase (Complex IV) • ATP synthase (Complex V) ...
AP BIOLOGY Chapter 8 Metabolism
... NADH releases its electrons at the beginning of ETC so 3 H+ are pumped across the membrane; FADH2 drops off its electrons farther down the chain at cytochrome c so it misses the first proton pump and less H+ are pumped across the membrane. Return of H+ through ATP synthase produces ATP ...
... NADH releases its electrons at the beginning of ETC so 3 H+ are pumped across the membrane; FADH2 drops off its electrons farther down the chain at cytochrome c so it misses the first proton pump and less H+ are pumped across the membrane. Return of H+ through ATP synthase produces ATP ...
Solutions - MIT OpenCourseWare
... In the absence of O2, pyruvate is fermented into lactic acid as a means to regenerate NAD+, however, only 2 ATP are produced per glucose molecule. In the presence of O2, pyruvate enters the Citric Acid Cycle (CAC) which produces additional ATP and NADH. The NADH from glycolysis and the CAC unload el ...
... In the absence of O2, pyruvate is fermented into lactic acid as a means to regenerate NAD+, however, only 2 ATP are produced per glucose molecule. In the presence of O2, pyruvate enters the Citric Acid Cycle (CAC) which produces additional ATP and NADH. The NADH from glycolysis and the CAC unload el ...
Chapter 7: Where it Starts – Photosynthesis
... - This type of photosystem uses ___________ photophosphorylation - ________ is split by _______ energy, and an e- enters the chlorophyll _____ - The chlorophyll’s original ____ is used to form ___________ - _______ is also formed; this is a much more __________ use of the energy (cyclic, light, wate ...
... - This type of photosystem uses ___________ photophosphorylation - ________ is split by _______ energy, and an e- enters the chlorophyll _____ - The chlorophyll’s original ____ is used to form ___________ - _______ is also formed; this is a much more __________ use of the energy (cyclic, light, wate ...
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
... metabolized to lactate or to CO2 and alcohol (it is species specific)…result can be net gain of only 2 ATP per molecule verses 32 – 34 under normal cycle just described ...
... metabolized to lactate or to CO2 and alcohol (it is species specific)…result can be net gain of only 2 ATP per molecule verses 32 – 34 under normal cycle just described ...
Cellular Respiration www.AssignmentPoint.com Cellular respiration
... Glycolysis is a metabolic pathway that takes place in the cytosol of cells in all living organisms. This pathway can function with or without the presence of oxygen. In humans, aerobic conditions produce pyruvate and anaerobic conditions produce lactate. In aerobic conditions, the process converts o ...
... Glycolysis is a metabolic pathway that takes place in the cytosol of cells in all living organisms. This pathway can function with or without the presence of oxygen. In humans, aerobic conditions produce pyruvate and anaerobic conditions produce lactate. In aerobic conditions, the process converts o ...
Document
... • NADH and FADH2 carry electrons to the ETC • ETC series of electron carriers located in cristae of mitochondria • energy from electrons transferred to ________________ • ATP synthase catalyzes the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP • water is formed ...
... • NADH and FADH2 carry electrons to the ETC • ETC series of electron carriers located in cristae of mitochondria • energy from electrons transferred to ________________ • ATP synthase catalyzes the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP • water is formed ...
How do they (or we) use the glucose?
... - done by yeast, certain bacteria, exhausted muscle cells of animals - produces 2 ATP per glucose - Two steps: - glycolysis - fermentation: alcohol or lactic acid ...
... - done by yeast, certain bacteria, exhausted muscle cells of animals - produces 2 ATP per glucose - Two steps: - glycolysis - fermentation: alcohol or lactic acid ...
FA15 Lec26 Cool High Resolution Techniques
... and energy, E, and momentum, p, does this correspond to? ...
... and energy, E, and momentum, p, does this correspond to? ...
aerobic respiration
... 3. These pathways regenerate NAD1, which the cells can use to keep glycolysis going to make more ATP in the absence of oxygen. 4. Without niacin or the ability to make it, the person would be deficient in NAD1. Since NAD1 is used in Step 3 of glycolysis, glycolysis would be inhibited. STRUCTURES AND ...
... 3. These pathways regenerate NAD1, which the cells can use to keep glycolysis going to make more ATP in the absence of oxygen. 4. Without niacin or the ability to make it, the person would be deficient in NAD1. Since NAD1 is used in Step 3 of glycolysis, glycolysis would be inhibited. STRUCTURES AND ...
Document
... – Flow of electrons from the energy-rich glucose to the relatively energy-poor CO2 and H2O – Production of ATP is coupled to the flow of electrons ...
... – Flow of electrons from the energy-rich glucose to the relatively energy-poor CO2 and H2O – Production of ATP is coupled to the flow of electrons ...
From Fig - Jiamusi University
... mol of ATP are formed per atom of oxygen consumed. The malate shuttle system is linked to the NAD –linked respiratory chain, 3 mol of ATP are formed per atom of oxygen consumed. ...
... mol of ATP are formed per atom of oxygen consumed. The malate shuttle system is linked to the NAD –linked respiratory chain, 3 mol of ATP are formed per atom of oxygen consumed. ...
Lecture 5
... made up of phospholipids. You should also notice the series of proteins that are embedded within this membrane. These are important. What happens is this: The high energy electrons in NADH are going to be passed to these proteins. Each time the electron is passed from protein to protein, it gives of ...
... made up of phospholipids. You should also notice the series of proteins that are embedded within this membrane. These are important. What happens is this: The high energy electrons in NADH are going to be passed to these proteins. Each time the electron is passed from protein to protein, it gives of ...
doc 3.5.2 respiration notes Student notes for section 3.5.2
... How is ATP actually formed? It is believed that as hydrogen or electrons pass along the respiratory chain the energy released in some of the changes is used to pump hydrogen ions i.e. protons across the inner membrane of the mitochondria into the inter-membrane space. A concentration gradient is est ...
... How is ATP actually formed? It is believed that as hydrogen or electrons pass along the respiratory chain the energy released in some of the changes is used to pump hydrogen ions i.e. protons across the inner membrane of the mitochondria into the inter-membrane space. A concentration gradient is est ...
Notes Chapter 7 Cellular Respiration
... A. glycolysis is a pathway in which one six-carbon molecule of glucose is oxidized to produce two three-carbon molecules of pyruvic acid B. glycolysis consists of a series of chemical reactions catalyzed by specific enzymes C. all of the reactions of glycolysis take place in the cytosol of the cell ...
... A. glycolysis is a pathway in which one six-carbon molecule of glucose is oxidized to produce two three-carbon molecules of pyruvic acid B. glycolysis consists of a series of chemical reactions catalyzed by specific enzymes C. all of the reactions of glycolysis take place in the cytosol of the cell ...
Biology Name_____________________________________
... 1. Fill in the following table with the best possible answers for each stage of cell respiration. Glycolysis ...
... 1. Fill in the following table with the best possible answers for each stage of cell respiration. Glycolysis ...
Molecular Geometry Why?
... Molecular Geometry How can molecular shapes be predicted using the VSEPR theory? ...
... Molecular Geometry How can molecular shapes be predicted using the VSEPR theory? ...
Bauman Chapter 1 Answers to Critical Thinking Questions
... ions across a membrane, creating a concentration differential which is then used to drive ATP synthesis. Photophosphorylation uses light energy to pump the ions, and is essentially a cyclic process as long as light energy is available. The energy of oxidative phosphorylation is derived from the cata ...
... ions across a membrane, creating a concentration differential which is then used to drive ATP synthesis. Photophosphorylation uses light energy to pump the ions, and is essentially a cyclic process as long as light energy is available. The energy of oxidative phosphorylation is derived from the cata ...
College Prep Cellular Respiration Notes: H.B.3A.4 Harvesting
... • The food you eat cannot be used by cells directly. • Cells have only one usable energy form, ATP (adenosine triphosphate). • Cellular Respiration is the complex process in which cells make ATP by breaking down organic compounds. • Any food (organic) molecule, or nutrient, including carbohydrates, ...
... • The food you eat cannot be used by cells directly. • Cells have only one usable energy form, ATP (adenosine triphosphate). • Cellular Respiration is the complex process in which cells make ATP by breaking down organic compounds. • Any food (organic) molecule, or nutrient, including carbohydrates, ...
Electron transport chain
An electron transport chain (ETC) is a series of compounds that transfer electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors via redox reactions, and couples this electron transfer with the transfer of protons (H+ ions) across a membrane. This creates an electrochemical proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis, or the generation of chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The final acceptor of electrons in the electron transport chain is molecular oxygen.Electron transport chains are used for extracting energy via redox reactions from sunlight in photosynthesis or, such as in the case of the oxidation of sugars, cellular respiration. In eukaryotes, an important electron transport chain is found in the inner mitochondrial membrane where it serves as the site of oxidative phosphorylation through the use of ATP synthase. It is also found in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast in photosynthetic eukaryotes. In bacteria, the electron transport chain is located in their cell membrane.In chloroplasts, light drives the conversion of water to oxygen and NADP+ to NADPH with transfer of H+ ions across chloroplast membranes. In mitochondria, it is the conversion of oxygen to water, NADH to NAD+ and succinate to fumarate that are required to generate the proton gradient. Electron transport chains are major sites of premature electron leakage to oxygen, generating superoxide and potentially resulting in increased oxidative stress.