Respiration Test Study Guide
... 32. In lactic acid fermentation, lactic acid (lactate) is produced from _________________. 33. ____________ and _____________ carry electrons to the electron transport chain. 34. The equation for aerobic cellular respiration is: ____________________________________________ 35. Water is an end produc ...
... 32. In lactic acid fermentation, lactic acid (lactate) is produced from _________________. 33. ____________ and _____________ carry electrons to the electron transport chain. 34. The equation for aerobic cellular respiration is: ____________________________________________ 35. Water is an end produc ...
Lecture 6
... or carriers. • Energy produced from movement of the protons back across the membrane is used by ATP synthase to make ATP from ADP . • Electron carriers are located: • In eukaryotes – in the inner mitochondrial membrane; ...
... or carriers. • Energy produced from movement of the protons back across the membrane is used by ATP synthase to make ATP from ADP . • Electron carriers are located: • In eukaryotes – in the inner mitochondrial membrane; ...
WHAT IS PHOTOSYNTHESIS?
... The process begins when one molecule of carbon dioxide is captured by means of the enzyme RuBisCO for attachment to 1 molecule “ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate” (RuBP) which is a 5-carbon sugar using electron energy of ATP molecules and and indirectly NADPH2 photons of light energy, generating unstable 6 ...
... The process begins when one molecule of carbon dioxide is captured by means of the enzyme RuBisCO for attachment to 1 molecule “ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate” (RuBP) which is a 5-carbon sugar using electron energy of ATP molecules and and indirectly NADPH2 photons of light energy, generating unstable 6 ...
Metabolism: Fueling Cell Growth
... Links glycolysis to Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle Modifies 3-C pyruvate from glycolysis to 2-C acetyl CoA CO2 is removed through decarboxylation Remaining 2-C acetyl group joined to coenzyme A ...
... Links glycolysis to Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle Modifies 3-C pyruvate from glycolysis to 2-C acetyl CoA CO2 is removed through decarboxylation Remaining 2-C acetyl group joined to coenzyme A ...
Respiration - College Heights Secondary
... B. Stages 1. energy investment phase a. glucose is phosphorylated by 2 ATP molecules 2. energy releasing phase a. glucose is split to form 4 ATP and 2 pyruvate molecules. b. electrons captured by NAD+ to form NADH (to ETS) c. ATP is produced by substratelevel phosphorylation. ...
... B. Stages 1. energy investment phase a. glucose is phosphorylated by 2 ATP molecules 2. energy releasing phase a. glucose is split to form 4 ATP and 2 pyruvate molecules. b. electrons captured by NAD+ to form NADH (to ETS) c. ATP is produced by substratelevel phosphorylation. ...
Ch 6 Metabolism: Fueling Cell Growth
... • Formed by series of electron carriers (cytochromes) located in ___________ • Oxidation/Reduction reactions. Electron carriers (reducing power) from glycolysis and TCA cycle transfer their electrons to the electron transport chain ...
... • Formed by series of electron carriers (cytochromes) located in ___________ • Oxidation/Reduction reactions. Electron carriers (reducing power) from glycolysis and TCA cycle transfer their electrons to the electron transport chain ...
Ch 6 Metabolism: Fueling Cell Growth
... • Formed by series of electron carriers (cytochromes) located in ___________ • Oxidation/Reduction reactions. Electron carriers (reducing power) from glycolysis and TCA cycle transfer their electrons to the electron transport chain • Generates proton gradient or proton motive force (pmf) • In chemio ...
... • Formed by series of electron carriers (cytochromes) located in ___________ • Oxidation/Reduction reactions. Electron carriers (reducing power) from glycolysis and TCA cycle transfer their electrons to the electron transport chain • Generates proton gradient or proton motive force (pmf) • In chemio ...
Karbohidrat Metabolizması
... • An oxidation involving FAD • Mechanism involves hydride removal by FAD and a deprotonation • This enzyme is actually part of the electron transport pathway in the inner mitochondrial membrane • The electrons transferred from succinate to FAD (to form FADH2) are passed directly to ubiquinone (UQ) i ...
... • An oxidation involving FAD • Mechanism involves hydride removal by FAD and a deprotonation • This enzyme is actually part of the electron transport pathway in the inner mitochondrial membrane • The electrons transferred from succinate to FAD (to form FADH2) are passed directly to ubiquinone (UQ) i ...
Cellular Respiration
... In the above equation oxygen is the electron acceptor in the oxidation of glucose Most organisms are obligate aerobes – they require oxygen and cannot survive without it Obligate anaerobes (some species of bacteria) use other molecules as the final electron acceptor and must live in environments tha ...
... In the above equation oxygen is the electron acceptor in the oxidation of glucose Most organisms are obligate aerobes – they require oxygen and cannot survive without it Obligate anaerobes (some species of bacteria) use other molecules as the final electron acceptor and must live in environments tha ...
L23 HH Glycolysis Citric Acid Cycle e
... • NADH and FADH2 release the high-energy electrons to the electron transport chain where they cascade down the chain, releasing energy. The energy is used to pump H ions across the inner mitochondrial membrane. The return flow of H ions drives ATP synthase and produces the bulk of the ATP generated ...
... • NADH and FADH2 release the high-energy electrons to the electron transport chain where they cascade down the chain, releasing energy. The energy is used to pump H ions across the inner mitochondrial membrane. The return flow of H ions drives ATP synthase and produces the bulk of the ATP generated ...
Complex I - ISpatula
... FADH2 is formed in citric acid cycle by the oxidation of the succinate to fumarate by succinate dehydrogenase (complex II) which is integral protein in the mitochondrial inner membrane, FADH2 doesn't leave the complex, but its electrons are transferred to Fe-S cluster then to Q for the entry to the ...
... FADH2 is formed in citric acid cycle by the oxidation of the succinate to fumarate by succinate dehydrogenase (complex II) which is integral protein in the mitochondrial inner membrane, FADH2 doesn't leave the complex, but its electrons are transferred to Fe-S cluster then to Q for the entry to the ...
Review 3
... (deoxy)ribonucleotides • Carbamoyl phosphate and urea • Pyruvate, oxaloacetate, a-ketoglutarate • PRPP ...
... (deoxy)ribonucleotides • Carbamoyl phosphate and urea • Pyruvate, oxaloacetate, a-ketoglutarate • PRPP ...
Respiration
... • The cristae has a thousands of protein complexes that are alternatively oxidized and reduced. These complexes receive the high energy electrons from NADH and FADH2. • The generation of ATP is derived not from the oxidation and reduction of the protein complexes, but from a process known as ...
... • The cristae has a thousands of protein complexes that are alternatively oxidized and reduced. These complexes receive the high energy electrons from NADH and FADH2. • The generation of ATP is derived not from the oxidation and reduction of the protein complexes, but from a process known as ...
Chapter 9.5 and 9.6
... Facultative anaerobes: an organism that makes ATP by aerobic respiration if oxygen is present but that switches to fermentation under anaerobic conditions › Example: our muscle cells › Pyruvate is a fork in the road… › pyruvate converts to acetyl CoA › pyruvate is diverted from the citric acid c ...
... Facultative anaerobes: an organism that makes ATP by aerobic respiration if oxygen is present but that switches to fermentation under anaerobic conditions › Example: our muscle cells › Pyruvate is a fork in the road… › pyruvate converts to acetyl CoA › pyruvate is diverted from the citric acid c ...
LT AP BIO
... Oxaloacetate to form Citric acid (why it is also called citric acid cycle) Oxaloacetate is regenerated (the “cycle”) For each pyruvate that enters: 3 NAD+ reduced to NADH; 1 FAD+ reduced to FADH2 (riboflavin, B vitamin); 1 ATP molecule Totals (2 pyruvates) = 6NADH, 2FADH2, 2 ATP’s, 4 CO2 ...
... Oxaloacetate to form Citric acid (why it is also called citric acid cycle) Oxaloacetate is regenerated (the “cycle”) For each pyruvate that enters: 3 NAD+ reduced to NADH; 1 FAD+ reduced to FADH2 (riboflavin, B vitamin); 1 ATP molecule Totals (2 pyruvates) = 6NADH, 2FADH2, 2 ATP’s, 4 CO2 ...
farah el nazer corrected by dana al sharif
... Oxidative phosphorylation : -mitochondria has two membranes, outer and inner with inter membrane space between them . - All energy metabolic procedures occur in the matrix of mitochondria except for glycolysis ( occurs in the cytosol) -oxidative phosphorylation is the 4th step & the last stage where ...
... Oxidative phosphorylation : -mitochondria has two membranes, outer and inner with inter membrane space between them . - All energy metabolic procedures occur in the matrix of mitochondria except for glycolysis ( occurs in the cytosol) -oxidative phosphorylation is the 4th step & the last stage where ...
Diversity of Metabolism in Procaryotes
... (a) and (b) are the two substrate level phosphorylations that occur during the Embden Meyerhof pathway, but they occur in all other fermentation pathways which have an Embden-Meyerhof component. (c) is a substrate level phosphorylation found in Clostridium and Bifidobacterium. These are two anaerobi ...
... (a) and (b) are the two substrate level phosphorylations that occur during the Embden Meyerhof pathway, but they occur in all other fermentation pathways which have an Embden-Meyerhof component. (c) is a substrate level phosphorylation found in Clostridium and Bifidobacterium. These are two anaerobi ...
Mitochondrial Shuttles and Transporters - Rose
... Glycerophosphate shuttle The glycolytic intermediate dihydroxyacetone phosphate can be converted to glycerol-3-phosphate by glycerol-3phosphate dehydrogenase; this process also results in conversion of NADH to NAD. Glycerol-3-phosphate can then be converted back to dihydroxyacetone phosphate by fla ...
... Glycerophosphate shuttle The glycolytic intermediate dihydroxyacetone phosphate can be converted to glycerol-3-phosphate by glycerol-3phosphate dehydrogenase; this process also results in conversion of NADH to NAD. Glycerol-3-phosphate can then be converted back to dihydroxyacetone phosphate by fla ...
Carbohydrate Catabolism Cellular Respiration
... – Occurs in cytosol of prokaryotes and in matrix of mitochondria in eukaryotes ...
... – Occurs in cytosol of prokaryotes and in matrix of mitochondria in eukaryotes ...
Cellular Respiration: - Multiple Choice Questions Answer all
... In liver cells, the inner mitochondrial membranes are about 5 X the area of the outer mitochondrial membranes, and about 17 X that of the cell's plasma membrane. What ...
... In liver cells, the inner mitochondrial membranes are about 5 X the area of the outer mitochondrial membranes, and about 17 X that of the cell's plasma membrane. What ...
The ATP-PCr energy system can operate with or without oxygen but
... The aerobic system, which is dependent on oxygen, is the most complex of the three energy systems. The metabolic reactions that take place in the presence of oxygen are responsible for most of the cellular energy produced by the body. However, aerobic metabolism is the slowest way to resynthesize AT ...
... The aerobic system, which is dependent on oxygen, is the most complex of the three energy systems. The metabolic reactions that take place in the presence of oxygen are responsible for most of the cellular energy produced by the body. However, aerobic metabolism is the slowest way to resynthesize AT ...
Electron transport chain
An electron transport chain (ETC) is a series of compounds that transfer electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors via redox reactions, and couples this electron transfer with the transfer of protons (H+ ions) across a membrane. This creates an electrochemical proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis, or the generation of chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The final acceptor of electrons in the electron transport chain is molecular oxygen.Electron transport chains are used for extracting energy via redox reactions from sunlight in photosynthesis or, such as in the case of the oxidation of sugars, cellular respiration. In eukaryotes, an important electron transport chain is found in the inner mitochondrial membrane where it serves as the site of oxidative phosphorylation through the use of ATP synthase. It is also found in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast in photosynthetic eukaryotes. In bacteria, the electron transport chain is located in their cell membrane.In chloroplasts, light drives the conversion of water to oxygen and NADP+ to NADPH with transfer of H+ ions across chloroplast membranes. In mitochondria, it is the conversion of oxygen to water, NADH to NAD+ and succinate to fumarate that are required to generate the proton gradient. Electron transport chains are major sites of premature electron leakage to oxygen, generating superoxide and potentially resulting in increased oxidative stress.