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Transcript
Where it Starts – Photosynthesis Organisms, Carbon, & Energy Fill in the blanks using the word bank provided • All life forms must obtain ____________ and _____________ • Autotrophs are “_____________________” - They get energy from __________ or chemicals - They get carbon from ______________________ • Heterotrophs feed on ________________ or organic ___________ - Energy & carbon come from ____________ (Carbon, Carbon-dioxide, Chemical, Energy, Light, Organic wastes, Organisms, Selfnourishing) Photosynthesis Overview • ___________________ reactions convert _______ energy to chemical energy stored in _________ or NADPH • ___________________ reactions convert stored energy (________ & NADPH) into _________ energy • For glucose: 12H2O + 6CO2 ----> 6O2 + ____________ + 6H2O • Photosynthesis occurs in _______________ • Light-dependent reactions occur in the _______ membranes. • The interior of each granum contains _____ ions used in making ATP & ___________ • Light-independent reactions occur in the ______ surrounding the grana (Thylakoid, Stroma, Photosynthetic, Light-independent, Light, H+, Chloroplasts, Chemical, C6H12O6, ATP) Light-Dependent Reactions Overview of Reactions: - Plant pigments _______ light energy and give up ___________ - Electron- and hydrogen-______________ form ATP and NADPH - Electrons are then ____________ in the ___________ molecules (Transfer, Replaced, Pigment, Electrons, convert, Chlorophyll, Absorb) • Light Reactions - ____________ pigments absorb red & blue; but reflect _________ - ______________ pigments absorb violet & blue; but reflect yellow, ____________, & red - Pigment molecules cluster together into “_________________” (Photosystems, Orange, Green, Chlorophyll, Carotenoid) • Photosystems: - A photosystem absorbs _______, and uses the energy to boost an electron to a higher ____________ level - The electron quickly returns to its ________ level and releases the energy, which is trapped by ________________ - The energy passes a chlorophyll e- to an ___________ molecule (Sunlight, acceptor, lower, chlorophyll, level) How ATP and NADPH form in chloroplasts - This type of photosystem uses ___________ photophosphorylation - The chlorophyll’s e- is passed through a _____________ system, each e- transfer allows an _________ molecule to form - The spent e- eventually is returned to its original ______________ (ATP, electron transport, Photosystem) Photosystems I - This type of photosystem uses ___________ photophosphorylation - ________ is split by _______ energy, and an e- enters the chlorophyll _____ - The chlorophyll’s original ____ is used to form ___________ - _______ is also formed; this is a much more __________ use of the energy (cyclic, light, water, P680, P700, electron, NADH, ATP, efficient) Light-Independent Reactions - ATP and NADPH from LD reactions provide _________, H+, and e- Carbon dioxide is converted into __________ compounds such as _____________ - This process is often called “carbon _____________” - The main part of the LI reactions are referred to as the ___________-___________ cycle. (organic, glucose, energy, fixation, Calvin-Benson, Krebs, Citric Acid) The Calvin-Benson Cycle: - _____ attaches to ribulose biphosphate (_________) to form a 6carbon intermediate - The intermediate splits into two molecules of _________ - Each PGA receives a phosphate from ______, plus H+ and e- from NADPH to form _________ - Two molecules of PGAL join to form a ____________ ______________, which can be modified to form ____________, starch, or cellulose • Sucrose can be used to ____________ fuel • Starch is for fuel ______________ • Cellulose is ______________ in plants - Photosynthesis can also be used to form _________ or _________ acids (RuBP, PGA, ATP, CO2, PGAL, sucrose, phosphate, sugar, cellular. storage, structural, amino, lipid) C4 Plants • Plants in hot, _______ environments close their _____________ to conserve ________, but in doing so slow _______ entry and allow O2 buildup • Photosynthesis continues improperly; this leads to “________________” • Crabgrass, _________, and others (C4 plants) fix carbon _________ to make a ______________ molecule for the Calvin-Benson cycle Chemosynthesis • Chemosynthetic _________________ get energy from the oxidation of ______________ substances • Some soil bacterial strip p+ and e- from _______________ (dry, water, stomata, sugarcane, once, twice, PGA, autotrophs, heterotrophs, oxaloacetate, organic, inorganic, ammonia)