Marrow-Derived Facilitating Cells Transplantation: Role of Bone
... FC, in that instead of expressing the conventional ␣ TCR heterodimer, FC express a unique heterodimer composed of the TCR-chain disulfide linked to a 33kDa protein named FCp33 (19). Furthermore, in a fully allogeneic murine model of SC plus p-preDC or SC plus FC transplantation, p-preDC are much l ...
... FC, in that instead of expressing the conventional ␣ TCR heterodimer, FC express a unique heterodimer composed of the TCR-chain disulfide linked to a 33kDa protein named FCp33 (19). Furthermore, in a fully allogeneic murine model of SC plus p-preDC or SC plus FC transplantation, p-preDC are much l ...
Chara Myosin and the Energy of Cytoplasmic Streaming
... cannot stop all myosin molecules at once. If one myosin molecule stops moving due to the glutaraldehyde fixation, it will disturb other myosin molecules following the same actin track. This small stack will affect the movement of myosin molecules on the next actin filament in the same cable. An intr ...
... cannot stop all myosin molecules at once. If one myosin molecule stops moving due to the glutaraldehyde fixation, it will disturb other myosin molecules following the same actin track. This small stack will affect the movement of myosin molecules on the next actin filament in the same cable. An intr ...
Hormonally Regulated Programmed Cell Death in
... Although both aleurone and starchy endosperm act as storage tissues, the time of death for starchy endosperm and aleurone cells is markedly different. Starchy endosperm cells die as the grain ripens, which is generally 5 to 6 weeks after pollination (Brown and Morris, 1890; Brenchley, 1909). Dead ce ...
... Although both aleurone and starchy endosperm act as storage tissues, the time of death for starchy endosperm and aleurone cells is markedly different. Starchy endosperm cells die as the grain ripens, which is generally 5 to 6 weeks after pollination (Brown and Morris, 1890; Brenchley, 1909). Dead ce ...
Shh signalling and cell death in limb development
... Fig. 1. Shh expression and cell death following grafts of polarising region cells (A-H) or Shh beads (I-L) to the posterior margin. (A) Graft of polarising region cells to posterior margin of a stage 20 wing bud. Embryo collected immediately after the operation and subjected to in situ hybridisation ...
... Fig. 1. Shh expression and cell death following grafts of polarising region cells (A-H) or Shh beads (I-L) to the posterior margin. (A) Graft of polarising region cells to posterior margin of a stage 20 wing bud. Embryo collected immediately after the operation and subjected to in situ hybridisation ...
Tolerance of CD8 + T Cells Developing in Parent
... we investigated this possibility by preparing parent -,. F1 chimeras with supralethal irradiation (1,300 cGy) and then leaving the chimeras for 6 mo before testing (11). The surprising finding was that, despite the apparent complete absence of host BM-derived cells, LN CD8 + cells from the chimeras ...
... we investigated this possibility by preparing parent -,. F1 chimeras with supralethal irradiation (1,300 cGy) and then leaving the chimeras for 6 mo before testing (11). The surprising finding was that, despite the apparent complete absence of host BM-derived cells, LN CD8 + cells from the chimeras ...
Chemical genetics discloses the importance of heme
... Brinkmann et al. 2004, Moelleken and Hegemann 2008). GAGs are negatively charged repeating disaccharides that are found in the extracellular matrix of mammalian cells. GAGs have been suggested to mediate the initial interaction between many microbes and the target cell (Rostand and Esko 1997). It ha ...
... Brinkmann et al. 2004, Moelleken and Hegemann 2008). GAGs are negatively charged repeating disaccharides that are found in the extracellular matrix of mammalian cells. GAGs have been suggested to mediate the initial interaction between many microbes and the target cell (Rostand and Esko 1997). It ha ...
Tubulin folding is altered by mutations in a putative GTP binding motif
... residue present in β-tubulin) was able to incorporate into dimers and microtubules. On the other hand, four βtubulin point mutants, including the G148rT substitution, did not incorporate into dimers, did not release monomers, but were able to form C900 and C300 complexes (intermediates in the proces ...
... residue present in β-tubulin) was able to incorporate into dimers and microtubules. On the other hand, four βtubulin point mutants, including the G148rT substitution, did not incorporate into dimers, did not release monomers, but were able to form C900 and C300 complexes (intermediates in the proces ...
Phosphatidylinositol 4-Phosphate Formation at ER Exit Sites
... Figure 2. PtdIns4P Binding Mediates Fapp1-PH Inhibition of ER Export (A) VSV-Gts-infected microsome membranes were incubated with purified COPII components (as in Figure 1) in the presence of GST-Fapp1-PH domain as indicated for 30 min at 32 C. The mobilization of VSV-Gts to the vesicular fraction ...
... Figure 2. PtdIns4P Binding Mediates Fapp1-PH Inhibition of ER Export (A) VSV-Gts-infected microsome membranes were incubated with purified COPII components (as in Figure 1) in the presence of GST-Fapp1-PH domain as indicated for 30 min at 32 C. The mobilization of VSV-Gts to the vesicular fraction ...
Factor-1-Deficient Mice IL-15-Deficient and IFN Regulatory 3 Cells
... In this study, the role of IL-15 and its regulation by the transcription factor IFN regulatory factor-1 (IRF-1) in murine V␥3 T cell development and activity is assessed. Compared with wild-type (WT) mice, reduced numbers of mature V␥3 cells were found in the fetal thymus of IL-15ⴚ/ⴚ mice, while IRF ...
... In this study, the role of IL-15 and its regulation by the transcription factor IFN regulatory factor-1 (IRF-1) in murine V␥3 T cell development and activity is assessed. Compared with wild-type (WT) mice, reduced numbers of mature V␥3 cells were found in the fetal thymus of IL-15ⴚ/ⴚ mice, while IRF ...
PDF
... & Pestarino, 1981, 1982; Falugi, Guastalla & Faraldi, 1984). In the present study we have extended the research into cholinesterase activity during the early development of the chick limb by employing histochemical and electrophoretic methods. Particular attention has been paid to the AER and to the ...
... & Pestarino, 1981, 1982; Falugi, Guastalla & Faraldi, 1984). In the present study we have extended the research into cholinesterase activity during the early development of the chick limb by employing histochemical and electrophoretic methods. Particular attention has been paid to the AER and to the ...
Anion homeostasis is important for non
... capsid proteins VP2 and VP3. VP1 forms 72 pentamers, with one copy of either VP2 or VP3 located on the inside of each pentamer. The orthopolyomaviruses also encode agnoprotein, a small hydrophobic multifunctional protein [6,7,22]. While many studies have investigated the mechanism of entry and assem ...
... capsid proteins VP2 and VP3. VP1 forms 72 pentamers, with one copy of either VP2 or VP3 located on the inside of each pentamer. The orthopolyomaviruses also encode agnoprotein, a small hydrophobic multifunctional protein [6,7,22]. While many studies have investigated the mechanism of entry and assem ...
Taxonomic revision and species delimitation of coccoid green algae
... Isagi 1987) as well as asexual reproduction (Tschermak-Woess 1984). In addition to motile zoospores, two types of nonflagellated spores are distinguished in Dictyochloropsis: (i) autospores, i.e., larger spores (4–5 lm in diameter), 4–32 per sporangium, similar in appearance to young vegetative cell ...
... Isagi 1987) as well as asexual reproduction (Tschermak-Woess 1984). In addition to motile zoospores, two types of nonflagellated spores are distinguished in Dictyochloropsis: (i) autospores, i.e., larger spores (4–5 lm in diameter), 4–32 per sporangium, similar in appearance to young vegetative cell ...
Sarcomere assembly in C. elegans muscle
... (Waterston, 1988; Moerman and Fire, 1997). Here we review sarcomere assembly, focusing specifically on the early events that occur at the muscle cell membrane. Myoblasts arise after the end of gastrulation (at 290 min. of embryonic development; Sulston et al., 1983) and are defined by the accumulati ...
... (Waterston, 1988; Moerman and Fire, 1997). Here we review sarcomere assembly, focusing specifically on the early events that occur at the muscle cell membrane. Myoblasts arise after the end of gastrulation (at 290 min. of embryonic development; Sulston et al., 1983) and are defined by the accumulati ...
2 - Liu Lab
... to outgrowth of a minor subpopulation of pre-existing resistant cells, as 10 independent single-cell-derived clones showed similar resistance profiles to pooled SUM159R cells (Extended Data Fig. 4e). Similar results were obtained in vivo, as SUM159R-derived xenografts were JQ1-unresponsive (Extended ...
... to outgrowth of a minor subpopulation of pre-existing resistant cells, as 10 independent single-cell-derived clones showed similar resistance profiles to pooled SUM159R cells (Extended Data Fig. 4e). Similar results were obtained in vivo, as SUM159R-derived xenografts were JQ1-unresponsive (Extended ...
The Vam6 GEF Controls TORC1 by Activating the
... (A) The nucleotide-binding states of Gtr1 and Gtr2 control both the cell’s ability to recover from rapamycin treatment and TORC1 activity. Rapamycin recovery and TORC1 activity assays (as in Figure 1A) were determined in a gtr1D gtr2D double-mutant strain carrying all combinations of plasmids betwee ...
... (A) The nucleotide-binding states of Gtr1 and Gtr2 control both the cell’s ability to recover from rapamycin treatment and TORC1 activity. Rapamycin recovery and TORC1 activity assays (as in Figure 1A) were determined in a gtr1D gtr2D double-mutant strain carrying all combinations of plasmids betwee ...
Plant Physiology
... nodule, appearing distended (Fig. 3B, C). Some exo mutant rhizobia were also observed free within root hair cells. The root hair cells, however, appeared to have senesced; no host cytoplasm was visible (Fig. 3D). Mutant rhizobia were also observed trapped between the outer and inner cell wall layers ...
... nodule, appearing distended (Fig. 3B, C). Some exo mutant rhizobia were also observed free within root hair cells. The root hair cells, however, appeared to have senesced; no host cytoplasm was visible (Fig. 3D). Mutant rhizobia were also observed trapped between the outer and inner cell wall layers ...
The unique proline-rich domain of parotid proline
... Mouse pituitary AtT-20 D16v cells were cultured as described previously (Castle et al., 1992). DNA transfections were carried out by calcium phosphate precipitation. Selection of stable transfectants and screening for expression of polypeptides by western blotting were also performed as described (C ...
... Mouse pituitary AtT-20 D16v cells were cultured as described previously (Castle et al., 1992). DNA transfections were carried out by calcium phosphate precipitation. Selection of stable transfectants and screening for expression of polypeptides by western blotting were also performed as described (C ...
Getting to the root of plant biology: impact of the Arabidopsis
... roots. Useful insights were obtained, but there was a nagging doubt that responses specific to individual cell types or tissues would be missed, as they were diluted out in the mass of the whole plant or organ. To address this concern, new approaches were needed to allow expression analysis of only ...
... roots. Useful insights were obtained, but there was a nagging doubt that responses specific to individual cell types or tissues would be missed, as they were diluted out in the mass of the whole plant or organ. To address this concern, new approaches were needed to allow expression analysis of only ...
HIV-1 Evolves into a Nonsyncytium-Inducing Virus upon Prolonged
... loss of infectivity on the other cell lines. Although speculative, these differences may be relevant for discerning the mechanism(s) behind each phenotype. Env mutations do not change the coreceptor usage The T-cell tropic LAI virus uses the CXCR4 protein as coreceptor for infection. Because the Env ...
... loss of infectivity on the other cell lines. Although speculative, these differences may be relevant for discerning the mechanism(s) behind each phenotype. Env mutations do not change the coreceptor usage The T-cell tropic LAI virus uses the CXCR4 protein as coreceptor for infection. Because the Env ...
in Murine Mast Cells by Recombinant Stem Cell Factor
... AA release and eicosanoid generation in mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs). Initial studies indicated that rrSCF provided for 24 h inhibited the release of AA into supernatant fluids of antigen- and ionophore A23187stimulated BMMCs. Agonist-induced increases in cellular levels of AA were a ...
... AA release and eicosanoid generation in mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs). Initial studies indicated that rrSCF provided for 24 h inhibited the release of AA into supernatant fluids of antigen- and ionophore A23187stimulated BMMCs. Agonist-induced increases in cellular levels of AA were a ...
Sphingolipids Containing Very-Long
... loh1-2+/2 loh3-22/2 (n = 79), which produced 18 and 12% abnormal seeds, respectively (Figure 1C). The embryo morphology in these seeds was often strongly altered with thicker hypocotyls and a single cotyledon (Figure 1C). No double loh1-2 loh3-2 mutant was recovered from seeds sown on soil, suggesti ...
... loh1-2+/2 loh3-22/2 (n = 79), which produced 18 and 12% abnormal seeds, respectively (Figure 1C). The embryo morphology in these seeds was often strongly altered with thicker hypocotyls and a single cotyledon (Figure 1C). No double loh1-2 loh3-2 mutant was recovered from seeds sown on soil, suggesti ...
Grape Berry Vacuole - American Journal of Enology and Viticulture
... tonoplast monosaccharide transporters (TMT) have been recently reported as mediating a proton-coupled antiport mechanism. Three AtTMT (Arabidopsis thaliana tonoplast monosaccharide transporters) isoforms were localized at the tonoplast by fusion with the green fluorescent protein (Neuhaus 2007) and ...
... tonoplast monosaccharide transporters (TMT) have been recently reported as mediating a proton-coupled antiport mechanism. Three AtTMT (Arabidopsis thaliana tonoplast monosaccharide transporters) isoforms were localized at the tonoplast by fusion with the green fluorescent protein (Neuhaus 2007) and ...
Mitosis
Mitosis is a part of the cell cycle in which chromosomes in a cell nucleus are separated into two identical sets of chromosomes, each in its own nucleus. In general, mitosis (division of the nucleus) is often followed by cytokinesis, which divides the cytoplasm, organelles and cell membrane into two new cells containing roughly equal shares of these cellular components. Mitosis and cytokinesis together define the mitotic (M) phase of an animal cell cycle—the division of the mother cell into two daughter cells, genetically identical to each other and to their parent cell.The process of mitosis is divided into stages corresponding to the completion of one set of activities and the start of the next. These stages are prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. During mitosis, the chromosomes, which have already duplicated, condense and attach to fibers that pull one copy of each chromosome to opposite sides of the cell. The result is two genetically identical daughter nuclei. The cell may then divide by cytokinesis to produce two daughter cells. Producing three or more daughter cells instead of normal two is a mitotic error called tripolar mitosis or multipolar mitosis (direct cell triplication / multiplication). Other errors during mitosis can induce apoptosis (programmed cell death) or cause mutations. Certain types of cancer can arise from such mutations.Mitosis occurs only in eukaryotic cells and the process varies in different organisms. For example, animals undergo an ""open"" mitosis, where the nuclear envelope breaks down before the chromosomes separate, while fungi undergo a ""closed"" mitosis, where chromosomes divide within an intact cell nucleus. Furthermore, most animal cells undergo a shape change, known as mitotic cell rounding, to adopt a near spherical morphology at the start of mitosis. Prokaryotic cells, which lack a nucleus, divide by a different process called binary fission.