A Review of Centriole Activity, and Wrongful Activity, during Cell
... Following centriole duplication and separation into two pair, the younger pair moves around the nucleus to the opposite side. While this is occurring, the nuclear membrane begins to soften. The centrioles at the opposite sides of the nucleus then begin to pull the nucleus apart. As the nucleus is be ...
... Following centriole duplication and separation into two pair, the younger pair moves around the nucleus to the opposite side. While this is occurring, the nuclear membrane begins to soften. The centrioles at the opposite sides of the nucleus then begin to pull the nucleus apart. As the nucleus is be ...
Influence of Notch on dorsoventral
... By contrast, we have proposed a completely different model, in which Notch activation does not influence compartmentalization by contributing to dorsal- or ventral-type cell affinities, but rather creates a fence (Irvine and Rauskolb, 2001; Rauskolb et al., 1999), which we define as a property or be ...
... By contrast, we have proposed a completely different model, in which Notch activation does not influence compartmentalization by contributing to dorsal- or ventral-type cell affinities, but rather creates a fence (Irvine and Rauskolb, 2001; Rauskolb et al., 1999), which we define as a property or be ...
Brucella Intracellular Replication Requires Trafficking Through the
... the infection process, including macrophages and epithelial cells (1). Once internalized, Brucella resides within a membrane-bound compartment, the Brucella-containing vacuole (BCV), a modified phagosome in which the bacterium survives and eventually proliferates. Brucella intracellular survival str ...
... the infection process, including macrophages and epithelial cells (1). Once internalized, Brucella resides within a membrane-bound compartment, the Brucella-containing vacuole (BCV), a modified phagosome in which the bacterium survives and eventually proliferates. Brucella intracellular survival str ...
The Chemical Defense Ecology of Marine Unicellular Plankton
... the integration time. For S/N ⬃ 1, t ⬃ 0.1 s, R ⬃ 0.1 m and D ⬃ 10⫺6 cm2 s⫺1, C is about 10⫺9 M, a value consistent with observations. Receptor sensitivity—the minimal concentration for detectable S/N—scales as (Rt)⫺2. Since small cells cannot increase receptor size, longer integration times may be ...
... the integration time. For S/N ⬃ 1, t ⬃ 0.1 s, R ⬃ 0.1 m and D ⬃ 10⫺6 cm2 s⫺1, C is about 10⫺9 M, a value consistent with observations. Receptor sensitivity—the minimal concentration for detectable S/N—scales as (Rt)⫺2. Since small cells cannot increase receptor size, longer integration times may be ...
Twins take the job
... RRP6 factor (hRRP6, also designated PM/Scl-100) was reported to be present in both the nucleus and cytoplasm (Brouwer et al, 2001; van Dijk et al, 2007), whereas DIS3 was not found in exosome preparations (Chen et al, 2001). Tomecki et al (2010) and Staals et al (2010) now report that the genome fro ...
... RRP6 factor (hRRP6, also designated PM/Scl-100) was reported to be present in both the nucleus and cytoplasm (Brouwer et al, 2001; van Dijk et al, 2007), whereas DIS3 was not found in exosome preparations (Chen et al, 2001). Tomecki et al (2010) and Staals et al (2010) now report that the genome fro ...
A Novel Recombinant Plasma Membrane
... TTG G-3⬘ (including amino acids 542–549 of luciferase cDNA without the stop codon; PstI site underlined). The PCR product was transferred to pBSK⫹ vector (Stratagene, La Jolla, CA), digested with the enzyme PstI and inserted in the right frame between a PstI fragment encoding the complete N-terminal ...
... TTG G-3⬘ (including amino acids 542–549 of luciferase cDNA without the stop codon; PstI site underlined). The PCR product was transferred to pBSK⫹ vector (Stratagene, La Jolla, CA), digested with the enzyme PstI and inserted in the right frame between a PstI fragment encoding the complete N-terminal ...
NH3/N2/CO2 I I |-|2
... [0013] Referring more particularly to FIG. 2, a simpli?ed electrolytic cell 1 representing a single batch-type arrange ment comprises a tank 2, Which may be made of light gauge iron, steel or other material not attacked by an alkaline elec ...
... [0013] Referring more particularly to FIG. 2, a simpli?ed electrolytic cell 1 representing a single batch-type arrange ment comprises a tank 2, Which may be made of light gauge iron, steel or other material not attacked by an alkaline elec ...
Massive Expansion of Antigen-Specific CD8 T Cells during an Acute
... LCMV-specific CD81 cells at the peak of the immune response to LCMV, we adoptively transferred unstimulated, LCMV-specific TCR-transgenic T cells into host mice and infected them with LCMV. Similar methods have been used to follow the in vivo behavior of both CD41 and CD81 T cells (Zimmerman et al., ...
... LCMV-specific CD81 cells at the peak of the immune response to LCMV, we adoptively transferred unstimulated, LCMV-specific TCR-transgenic T cells into host mice and infected them with LCMV. Similar methods have been used to follow the in vivo behavior of both CD41 and CD81 T cells (Zimmerman et al., ...
Ultrastructure of diaphragm from dystrophic α-sarcoglycan
... α-Sarcoglycan is a 50 kDa single-pass transmembrane glycoprotein exclusively expressed in striated muscle that, together with β-, γ-, and δ-sarcoglycan, forms a sub-complex at the muscle fibre cell membrane. The sarcoglycans are components of the dystrophin-associated glycoprotein (DAG) complex which ...
... α-Sarcoglycan is a 50 kDa single-pass transmembrane glycoprotein exclusively expressed in striated muscle that, together with β-, γ-, and δ-sarcoglycan, forms a sub-complex at the muscle fibre cell membrane. The sarcoglycans are components of the dystrophin-associated glycoprotein (DAG) complex which ...
PDF
... posterior pole initiates a cascade of events that results in the establishment of anteroposterior (AP) embryonic polarity (reviewed by Gönczy and Rose, 2005). Soon after polarity establishment and meeting of the two pronuclei in the posterior embryo half, a series of stereotypical MTOC positioning e ...
... posterior pole initiates a cascade of events that results in the establishment of anteroposterior (AP) embryonic polarity (reviewed by Gönczy and Rose, 2005). Soon after polarity establishment and meeting of the two pronuclei in the posterior embryo half, a series of stereotypical MTOC positioning e ...
Specification of the C. elegans MS blastomere by the T
... Fig. 2. The tbx-35 gene encodes a T-box factor. (A) Gene structure of tbx-35 on LGII. The left end of the gene is preceded by the start codon of ZK177.1. The deleted regions in tm1789 and tm618 are shown above the gene. The predicted mRNA is shown below. The coding region is shaded, with the T-box e ...
... Fig. 2. The tbx-35 gene encodes a T-box factor. (A) Gene structure of tbx-35 on LGII. The left end of the gene is preceded by the start codon of ZK177.1. The deleted regions in tm1789 and tm618 are shown above the gene. The predicted mRNA is shown below. The coding region is shaded, with the T-box e ...
Flow Cell Design for Effective Biosensing
... or biosensors be developed for use with a commercially available flow cell [10]. Analyte delivery may be to an initially dry flow cell [11], or to a flow cell that already contains fluid (a wet cell). The latter includes some fluid injection systems, and situations where the biosensor requires wet s ...
... or biosensors be developed for use with a commercially available flow cell [10]. Analyte delivery may be to an initially dry flow cell [11], or to a flow cell that already contains fluid (a wet cell). The latter includes some fluid injection systems, and situations where the biosensor requires wet s ...
Novel role for the Lu/BCAM–spectrin interaction in actin cytoskeleton
... common form in nucleated cells. Moreover, αI-spectrin is not expressed in epithelial cells. Each spectrin subunit is organized as an alignment of spectrin repeats, made up of three α-helices each; α-spectrins contain 20 spectrin repeats. In RBCs, the Lu/BCAMbinding site in αI-spectrin has been delim ...
... common form in nucleated cells. Moreover, αI-spectrin is not expressed in epithelial cells. Each spectrin subunit is organized as an alignment of spectrin repeats, made up of three α-helices each; α-spectrins contain 20 spectrin repeats. In RBCs, the Lu/BCAMbinding site in αI-spectrin has been delim ...
pdf, 1.5 MB - The Nebenführ Lab
... independent Golgi stack/trans-Golgi network/Golgi matrix units that appear to be randomly distributed throughout the cytoplasm. To study the dynamic behavior of these Golgi units in living plant cells, we have cloned a cDNA from soybean (Glycine max), GmMan1, encoding the resident Golgi protein a-1, ...
... independent Golgi stack/trans-Golgi network/Golgi matrix units that appear to be randomly distributed throughout the cytoplasm. To study the dynamic behavior of these Golgi units in living plant cells, we have cloned a cDNA from soybean (Glycine max), GmMan1, encoding the resident Golgi protein a-1, ...
Examination of the role of signal transduction and oxidative stress in
... fibroblast and mesothelial cell lines. Crocidolite asbestos, but not MMVF-21, MMVF-10 or RCF-4, caused a dose-dependent significant increase in AP-1 and NF-κB. RCF-1 increased NF-κB, but this was not statistically significant. Asbestos increases in AP-1 and NF-κB were due to asbestos-mediated lipid ...
... fibroblast and mesothelial cell lines. Crocidolite asbestos, but not MMVF-21, MMVF-10 or RCF-4, caused a dose-dependent significant increase in AP-1 and NF-κB. RCF-1 increased NF-κB, but this was not statistically significant. Asbestos increases in AP-1 and NF-κB were due to asbestos-mediated lipid ...
Integration of the olfactory code across dendritic
... brain. We exploited the unique morphology of neurons in the Drosophila mushroom body, which receive input on large dendritic claws. Imaging odor responses of these dendritic claws revealed that input channels with distinct odor tuning converge on individual mushroom body neurons. We determined how t ...
... brain. We exploited the unique morphology of neurons in the Drosophila mushroom body, which receive input on large dendritic claws. Imaging odor responses of these dendritic claws revealed that input channels with distinct odor tuning converge on individual mushroom body neurons. We determined how t ...
AP Biology Unit 3 Introductory PP
... • Protobionts are aggregates of abiotically produced molecules surrounded by a membrane or membrane-like structure • Experiments demonstrate that protobionts could have formed spontaneously from abiotically produced organic compounds • For example, small membrane-bounded droplets called liposomes ca ...
... • Protobionts are aggregates of abiotically produced molecules surrounded by a membrane or membrane-like structure • Experiments demonstrate that protobionts could have formed spontaneously from abiotically produced organic compounds • For example, small membrane-bounded droplets called liposomes ca ...
Integrin cytoplasmic domain-binding proteins
... affinity and cell adhesion (inside-out signaling; Hynes, 1992; Schwartz et al., 1995). The cytoplasmic domains of integrins play a pivotal role in these bi-directional signaling processes and intensive efforts have focused on identifying cellular proteins that can directly interact with integrin cyt ...
... affinity and cell adhesion (inside-out signaling; Hynes, 1992; Schwartz et al., 1995). The cytoplasmic domains of integrins play a pivotal role in these bi-directional signaling processes and intensive efforts have focused on identifying cellular proteins that can directly interact with integrin cyt ...
CDK2 regulates nuclear envelope protein dynamics and telomere
... facing the centrosome (Fig. 1M,N; supplementary material Fig. S1K–N). These results suggest that in the absence of CDK2 the protein SUN1 is still able to become mostly polarized at the INM near the centrosome, as occurs when it associates to telomeres during the bouquet-like arrangement in wild-type ...
... facing the centrosome (Fig. 1M,N; supplementary material Fig. S1K–N). These results suggest that in the absence of CDK2 the protein SUN1 is still able to become mostly polarized at the INM near the centrosome, as occurs when it associates to telomeres during the bouquet-like arrangement in wild-type ...
Regulative germ cell specification in axolotl embryos: a primitive trait
... urodele embryos PGCs do not develop from predetermined cells. Rather, urodele PGCs appear to develop from unspecialized mesodermal tissue that has responded to appropriate extracellular influences. Therefore the embryos of urodele and anuran amphibians have diverged in the way that they produce PGCs ...
... urodele embryos PGCs do not develop from predetermined cells. Rather, urodele PGCs appear to develop from unspecialized mesodermal tissue that has responded to appropriate extracellular influences. Therefore the embryos of urodele and anuran amphibians have diverged in the way that they produce PGCs ...
Effects of Organic Cations on the Gram-negative Cell
... Ga.), S. typhi ggg2v and 12839 were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection. Escherichia coli was obtained as ATCC 10536 and used in the earlier part of this work; after the observation that this culture produced acid but no gas from glucose or lactose, it was replaced with a fresh, gas-f ...
... Ga.), S. typhi ggg2v and 12839 were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection. Escherichia coli was obtained as ATCC 10536 and used in the earlier part of this work; after the observation that this culture produced acid but no gas from glucose or lactose, it was replaced with a fresh, gas-f ...
Fgf8 induces pillar cell fate and regulates cellular
... promoter induces expression of Cre in a relatively small number of tissues, including the developing otocyst, beginning at E8.5. By E9, the expression of Cre is strong in virtually all cells within the otocyst (Hebert and McConnell, 2000), well before the normal onset of Fgf8 expression. Embryos tha ...
... promoter induces expression of Cre in a relatively small number of tissues, including the developing otocyst, beginning at E8.5. By E9, the expression of Cre is strong in virtually all cells within the otocyst (Hebert and McConnell, 2000), well before the normal onset of Fgf8 expression. Embryos tha ...
Mitosis
Mitosis is a part of the cell cycle in which chromosomes in a cell nucleus are separated into two identical sets of chromosomes, each in its own nucleus. In general, mitosis (division of the nucleus) is often followed by cytokinesis, which divides the cytoplasm, organelles and cell membrane into two new cells containing roughly equal shares of these cellular components. Mitosis and cytokinesis together define the mitotic (M) phase of an animal cell cycle—the division of the mother cell into two daughter cells, genetically identical to each other and to their parent cell.The process of mitosis is divided into stages corresponding to the completion of one set of activities and the start of the next. These stages are prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. During mitosis, the chromosomes, which have already duplicated, condense and attach to fibers that pull one copy of each chromosome to opposite sides of the cell. The result is two genetically identical daughter nuclei. The cell may then divide by cytokinesis to produce two daughter cells. Producing three or more daughter cells instead of normal two is a mitotic error called tripolar mitosis or multipolar mitosis (direct cell triplication / multiplication). Other errors during mitosis can induce apoptosis (programmed cell death) or cause mutations. Certain types of cancer can arise from such mutations.Mitosis occurs only in eukaryotic cells and the process varies in different organisms. For example, animals undergo an ""open"" mitosis, where the nuclear envelope breaks down before the chromosomes separate, while fungi undergo a ""closed"" mitosis, where chromosomes divide within an intact cell nucleus. Furthermore, most animal cells undergo a shape change, known as mitotic cell rounding, to adopt a near spherical morphology at the start of mitosis. Prokaryotic cells, which lack a nucleus, divide by a different process called binary fission.