Grape Berry Vacuole - American Journal of Enology and Viticulture
... tonoplast monosaccharide transporters (TMT) have been recently reported as mediating a proton-coupled antiport mechanism. Three AtTMT (Arabidopsis thaliana tonoplast monosaccharide transporters) isoforms were localized at the tonoplast by fusion with the green fluorescent protein (Neuhaus 2007) and ...
... tonoplast monosaccharide transporters (TMT) have been recently reported as mediating a proton-coupled antiport mechanism. Three AtTMT (Arabidopsis thaliana tonoplast monosaccharide transporters) isoforms were localized at the tonoplast by fusion with the green fluorescent protein (Neuhaus 2007) and ...
Near-UV-induced absorbance change and
... activity was not inhibited in the presence of sodium azide. Determination of ergosterol content. Ergosterol content was determined by the method of Arnezeder et al. (1989) with slight modifications. Samples exposed to near-UV were refluxed for 1 h in 5 ml 90% (v/v) ethanol containing 7dehydrocholest ...
... activity was not inhibited in the presence of sodium azide. Determination of ergosterol content. Ergosterol content was determined by the method of Arnezeder et al. (1989) with slight modifications. Samples exposed to near-UV were refluxed for 1 h in 5 ml 90% (v/v) ethanol containing 7dehydrocholest ...
Actin-Dependent and -Independent Functions of
... There is some evidence that cortical microtubules underlying the plasma membrane are involved in the branching of trichomes (Folkers et al., 2002). To provide support for the idea that cortical microtubules (and not other types of microtubule configurations, such as endoplasmic microtubules) are the ...
... There is some evidence that cortical microtubules underlying the plasma membrane are involved in the branching of trichomes (Folkers et al., 2002). To provide support for the idea that cortical microtubules (and not other types of microtubule configurations, such as endoplasmic microtubules) are the ...
Derivation of naïve human embryonic stem cells
... and found to be a normal female (Fig. S2B). Although Elf1 was started in 2iF, we attempted to convert it to 3i (includes an FGF receptor inhibitor) + human LIF, to determine whether Elf1 could grow independently of FGF2. Elf13iL resulted in a more mounded morphology characteristic of mESC (Fig. S1I) ...
... and found to be a normal female (Fig. S2B). Although Elf1 was started in 2iF, we attempted to convert it to 3i (includes an FGF receptor inhibitor) + human LIF, to determine whether Elf1 could grow independently of FGF2. Elf13iL resulted in a more mounded morphology characteristic of mESC (Fig. S1I) ...
Serial endosymbiosis or singular event at the origin of eukaryotes?
... and the multi-subunit protein machines that make it up. This is not a criticism of Margulis, merely a reflection of how much more we know now about protein structures. But beyond signaling her awareness of the potential, it was too early for phylogenetics to impinge on Margulis’s thinking, and later ...
... and the multi-subunit protein machines that make it up. This is not a criticism of Margulis, merely a reflection of how much more we know now about protein structures. But beyond signaling her awareness of the potential, it was too early for phylogenetics to impinge on Margulis’s thinking, and later ...
Drac1 and Crumbs in amnioserosa morphogenesis
... contributing to cell shape change in the amnioserosa. In addition to F-actin and myosin, phosphotyrosine-rich structures are found at the leading edge and may contribute to the assembly and/or function of the actomyosin contractile apparatus (Harden et al., 1996; Harden et al., 1999). Phosphotyrosin ...
... contributing to cell shape change in the amnioserosa. In addition to F-actin and myosin, phosphotyrosine-rich structures are found at the leading edge and may contribute to the assembly and/or function of the actomyosin contractile apparatus (Harden et al., 1996; Harden et al., 1999). Phosphotyrosin ...
Microtubule Independent Vesiculation of Golgi Membranes and the
... dispersed in the cytoplasm (Fig. 4 C). Upon removal of nocodazole, microtubules repolymerize (Fig. 4 F) and these Golgi structures reform into the Golgi complex localized to the pericentriolar region of the cell (Fig. 4 E). To identify the organization of the assembled form of VGMs in the presence o ...
... dispersed in the cytoplasm (Fig. 4 C). Upon removal of nocodazole, microtubules repolymerize (Fig. 4 F) and these Golgi structures reform into the Golgi complex localized to the pericentriolar region of the cell (Fig. 4 E). To identify the organization of the assembled form of VGMs in the presence o ...
The bacterial divisome: ready for its close-up
... thermosensitive mutants of these genes conferred a filamentous temperaturesensitive phenotype. At the non-permissive temperature (usually 428C), fts mutant cells continue to elongate without dividing, forming filaments that can be longer than 150 mm in rich growth medium. As newborn E. coli cells ar ...
... thermosensitive mutants of these genes conferred a filamentous temperaturesensitive phenotype. At the non-permissive temperature (usually 428C), fts mutant cells continue to elongate without dividing, forming filaments that can be longer than 150 mm in rich growth medium. As newborn E. coli cells ar ...
Multiple post-translational modifications regulate E
... Regulation of E-cadherin transport stress or apoptosis (supplementary material Fig. S1A). O-GlcNAcylation of E-cadherin was examined by binding to WGA a lectin that binds with high affinity to O-GlcNAc, but with low affinity also binds to N-linked glycans (Natsuka et al., 2005). To permit unambiguou ...
... Regulation of E-cadherin transport stress or apoptosis (supplementary material Fig. S1A). O-GlcNAcylation of E-cadherin was examined by binding to WGA a lectin that binds with high affinity to O-GlcNAc, but with low affinity also binds to N-linked glycans (Natsuka et al., 2005). To permit unambiguou ...
Interaction of rat alveolar macrophages with dental composite dust
... Previous research revealed that composite restorations release high amounts of very fine respirable dust during abrasive procedures in the breathing zone of the patient and dental operator [2]. Exposure measurements in a dental office confirmed that finishing and polishing composite restorations lea ...
... Previous research revealed that composite restorations release high amounts of very fine respirable dust during abrasive procedures in the breathing zone of the patient and dental operator [2]. Exposure measurements in a dental office confirmed that finishing and polishing composite restorations lea ...
Functional characterization of dI6 interneurons in the neonatal
... the p0 domain and migrate ventro-medially during embryogenesis, taking up positions in laminae VII/VIII of the postnatal spinal cord (Gross et al. 2002). While these cells, together with the dI1– dI5 populations, have been shown to express Lbx1 at early embryonic time points, the lack of a unique mo ...
... the p0 domain and migrate ventro-medially during embryogenesis, taking up positions in laminae VII/VIII of the postnatal spinal cord (Gross et al. 2002). While these cells, together with the dI1– dI5 populations, have been shown to express Lbx1 at early embryonic time points, the lack of a unique mo ...
When cells get stressed: an integrative view of cellular senescence
... Cellular senescence, one of the most fundamental aspects of cell behavior, was first described and formalized in the work of Hayflick in 1961 (1). Most types of primary normal cells that are grown in culture do not proliferate indefinitely. Instead, after a period of rapid proliferation, their divis ...
... Cellular senescence, one of the most fundamental aspects of cell behavior, was first described and formalized in the work of Hayflick in 1961 (1). Most types of primary normal cells that are grown in culture do not proliferate indefinitely. Instead, after a period of rapid proliferation, their divis ...
When cells get stressed: an integrative view of cellular
... Cellular senescence, one of the most fundamental aspects of cell behavior, was first described and formalized in the work of Hayflick in 1961 (1). Most types of primary normal cells that are grown in culture do not proliferate indefinitely. Instead, after a period of rapid proliferation, their divis ...
... Cellular senescence, one of the most fundamental aspects of cell behavior, was first described and formalized in the work of Hayflick in 1961 (1). Most types of primary normal cells that are grown in culture do not proliferate indefinitely. Instead, after a period of rapid proliferation, their divis ...
390K
... class are able to aerobically degrade a large spectrum of substrates ranging from various proteins, carbohydrates, pesticides and insecticides to complex macromolecules (Bernardet et al., 1996). Although the latter hypothesis is the most probable, an intimate association between these two organisms, ...
... class are able to aerobically degrade a large spectrum of substrates ranging from various proteins, carbohydrates, pesticides and insecticides to complex macromolecules (Bernardet et al., 1996). Although the latter hypothesis is the most probable, an intimate association between these two organisms, ...
Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms Whereby the Apical Ectodermal
... Figure 1 .......................................................................................................................... 1 Figure 2 .......................................................................................................................... 2 Figure 3 ....................... ...
... Figure 1 .......................................................................................................................... 1 Figure 2 .......................................................................................................................... 2 Figure 3 ....................... ...
the effect of proteolytic digestion products on multiplication and
... extended. Within certain limits, the same results can be produced by long cultivation at low concentration as occur at a higher concentration in a short time. I t is also possible for two digests of different degrees of hydrolysis to produce the same result, but the length of time required to give t ...
... extended. Within certain limits, the same results can be produced by long cultivation at low concentration as occur at a higher concentration in a short time. I t is also possible for two digests of different degrees of hydrolysis to produce the same result, but the length of time required to give t ...
Control of cell pattern in the neural tube: regulation of cell
... the ventralizing signals that derive from the notochord and floor plate. To identify signals that might regulate cell differentiation within the neural tube, we have searched for genes encoding secreted factors that are expressed in a restricted manner along the dorsoventral axis of the neural tube. ...
... the ventralizing signals that derive from the notochord and floor plate. To identify signals that might regulate cell differentiation within the neural tube, we have searched for genes encoding secreted factors that are expressed in a restricted manner along the dorsoventral axis of the neural tube. ...
HISTOLOGICAL AND SEM STUDIES ON ORGANOGENESIS IN
... of the callus but in other regions was torn or partly damaged and had the appearance of a network. These observations correspond with those in a SEM study of Papaver (Ovečka and Bobák, 1999) and rice (Basu et al., 1997), describing the presence of dense amorphous mucilage on the surface of meristemo ...
... of the callus but in other regions was torn or partly damaged and had the appearance of a network. These observations correspond with those in a SEM study of Papaver (Ovečka and Bobák, 1999) and rice (Basu et al., 1997), describing the presence of dense amorphous mucilage on the surface of meristemo ...
Vesicle trafficking dynamics and visualization of zones of exocytosis
... occur in tip-growing cells, as the amount of membrane inserted during exocytosis would exceed the quantity required to support new growth (Picton and Steer, 1983). These internalized vesicles could also contain membrane proteins that are recycled by trafficking to the enodosomal compartment, as well ...
... occur in tip-growing cells, as the amount of membrane inserted during exocytosis would exceed the quantity required to support new growth (Picton and Steer, 1983). These internalized vesicles could also contain membrane proteins that are recycled by trafficking to the enodosomal compartment, as well ...
Plant Cell
... The ROS wave is shown to be mediated by the RBOHD proteins of each individual cell along its path. This process is integrated with the Ca2+ wave through the function of TPC1 or different ROS-regulated Ca2+ channels in a process termed ROS-induced Ca2+ release (RICR). The elevated Ca2+ levels are sho ...
... The ROS wave is shown to be mediated by the RBOHD proteins of each individual cell along its path. This process is integrated with the Ca2+ wave through the function of TPC1 or different ROS-regulated Ca2+ channels in a process termed ROS-induced Ca2+ release (RICR). The elevated Ca2+ levels are sho ...
A Review of Centriole Activity, and Wrongful Activity, during Cell
... Following centriole duplication and separation into two pair, the younger pair moves around the nucleus to the opposite side. While this is occurring, the nuclear membrane begins to soften. The centrioles at the opposite sides of the nucleus then begin to pull the nucleus apart. As the nucleus is be ...
... Following centriole duplication and separation into two pair, the younger pair moves around the nucleus to the opposite side. While this is occurring, the nuclear membrane begins to soften. The centrioles at the opposite sides of the nucleus then begin to pull the nucleus apart. As the nucleus is be ...
Mitosis
Mitosis is a part of the cell cycle in which chromosomes in a cell nucleus are separated into two identical sets of chromosomes, each in its own nucleus. In general, mitosis (division of the nucleus) is often followed by cytokinesis, which divides the cytoplasm, organelles and cell membrane into two new cells containing roughly equal shares of these cellular components. Mitosis and cytokinesis together define the mitotic (M) phase of an animal cell cycle—the division of the mother cell into two daughter cells, genetically identical to each other and to their parent cell.The process of mitosis is divided into stages corresponding to the completion of one set of activities and the start of the next. These stages are prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. During mitosis, the chromosomes, which have already duplicated, condense and attach to fibers that pull one copy of each chromosome to opposite sides of the cell. The result is two genetically identical daughter nuclei. The cell may then divide by cytokinesis to produce two daughter cells. Producing three or more daughter cells instead of normal two is a mitotic error called tripolar mitosis or multipolar mitosis (direct cell triplication / multiplication). Other errors during mitosis can induce apoptosis (programmed cell death) or cause mutations. Certain types of cancer can arise from such mutations.Mitosis occurs only in eukaryotic cells and the process varies in different organisms. For example, animals undergo an ""open"" mitosis, where the nuclear envelope breaks down before the chromosomes separate, while fungi undergo a ""closed"" mitosis, where chromosomes divide within an intact cell nucleus. Furthermore, most animal cells undergo a shape change, known as mitotic cell rounding, to adopt a near spherical morphology at the start of mitosis. Prokaryotic cells, which lack a nucleus, divide by a different process called binary fission.