Archenteron precursor cells can organize secondary axial structures
... involved (these possibilities are summarized in Fig. 1B). In order to provide experimental support for one of these alternative mechanisms, we have used a chimeric embryo approach to implant gut progenitors in ectopic locations to assess their inductive capacities. We show here that such ectopic cel ...
... involved (these possibilities are summarized in Fig. 1B). In order to provide experimental support for one of these alternative mechanisms, we have used a chimeric embryo approach to implant gut progenitors in ectopic locations to assess their inductive capacities. We show here that such ectopic cel ...
Regulation of the initiation of chromosomal replication in bacteria
... to be more intricate in organisms that undergo a complex life cycle or in those that have to adapt to highly fluctuating environmental conditions. Under unfavourable conditions, the growth rate should be reduced and/or the bacteria should undergo morphological changes. In these organisms the decisio ...
... to be more intricate in organisms that undergo a complex life cycle or in those that have to adapt to highly fluctuating environmental conditions. Under unfavourable conditions, the growth rate should be reduced and/or the bacteria should undergo morphological changes. In these organisms the decisio ...
Biological Properties of Tinospora crispa (Akar Patawali) and Its
... added into each well making up the final volume of 1 ml in each well. After a 24-h incubation period, the mortality of the animals was observed using a stereo microscope and the number of brine shrimps which survived was counted as percentage of the total animals. All experimental assays were prepar ...
... added into each well making up the final volume of 1 ml in each well. After a 24-h incubation period, the mortality of the animals was observed using a stereo microscope and the number of brine shrimps which survived was counted as percentage of the total animals. All experimental assays were prepar ...
Cloning, Expression, and Functional Characterization of TL1A-Ig
... response, requires days to develop since this depends on the formation and proliferation of antigen specific clones of B and T lymphocytes that recognize and respond to individual antigens by means of highly specialized antigen receptors. The activated lymphocytes produced in the initial adaptive re ...
... response, requires days to develop since this depends on the formation and proliferation of antigen specific clones of B and T lymphocytes that recognize and respond to individual antigens by means of highly specialized antigen receptors. The activated lymphocytes produced in the initial adaptive re ...
Characterization of CIC transporter proteins Moradi, Hossein
... transported is established. The Nernst potential considers next to the difference in concentration also the fact that charges are transported. As soon as for instance K+ flows through a potassium-specific channel it leaves a negative charge behind and thus a potential difference across the membrane ...
... transported is established. The Nernst potential considers next to the difference in concentration also the fact that charges are transported. As soon as for instance K+ flows through a potassium-specific channel it leaves a negative charge behind and thus a potential difference across the membrane ...
Figures and figure supplements
... Figure 7. Roseobacticide-mediated algal lysis is strain specific. (a) Roseobacticides were introduced into 1 ml of algal cultures of E. huxleyi strains CCMP372 and CCMP3266. After 12 hr, cell lysis accompanied by chloroplast discharge was evident only in strain CCMP372 (black arrows). White arrow po ...
... Figure 7. Roseobacticide-mediated algal lysis is strain specific. (a) Roseobacticides were introduced into 1 ml of algal cultures of E. huxleyi strains CCMP372 and CCMP3266. After 12 hr, cell lysis accompanied by chloroplast discharge was evident only in strain CCMP372 (black arrows). White arrow po ...
Caspases - Essays in Biochemistry
... domains) found in pro-caspases 1, 2, 4, 5 and 9, which are important for the activation of these enzymes [10]. Activation of caspases containing long prodomains first requires oligomerization via DED or CARD domains. Following the recruitment of a single type of caspase pro-enzyme to a common oligom ...
... domains) found in pro-caspases 1, 2, 4, 5 and 9, which are important for the activation of these enzymes [10]. Activation of caspases containing long prodomains first requires oligomerization via DED or CARD domains. Following the recruitment of a single type of caspase pro-enzyme to a common oligom ...
Structural and chemical differences in the cell wall regions in
... been detected in fresh and dehydrated onion tissue, has been proposed to affect the firmness of thermally processed onion.15,16 This suggests that PME may play an active role in modifying the texture of onion. Although PG activity has not been investigated in onion, it has been correlated to a loss ...
... been detected in fresh and dehydrated onion tissue, has been proposed to affect the firmness of thermally processed onion.15,16 This suggests that PME may play an active role in modifying the texture of onion. Although PG activity has not been investigated in onion, it has been correlated to a loss ...
Specific Organization of Golgi Apparatus in Plant Cells
... during mitosis, and phragmoplast by the end of mitosis and during cytokinesis. The preprophasic ring of microtubules and the phragmoplast are structures typical only for plant cells. The preprophasic ring is involved in determination of the future plate of the cell division and the phragmoplast part ...
... during mitosis, and phragmoplast by the end of mitosis and during cytokinesis. The preprophasic ring of microtubules and the phragmoplast are structures typical only for plant cells. The preprophasic ring is involved in determination of the future plate of the cell division and the phragmoplast part ...
Intraflagellar transport molecules in ciliary and nonciliary cells of the
... raised to murine IFT proteins (Pazour et al., 2002; Baker et al., 2003; Follit et al., 2006). These experiments verified the expression of all five IFT proteins in the murine retina (Fig. S1, A and B). The antibodies to four IFT proteins each recognized a single band of expected size in retinal prot ...
... raised to murine IFT proteins (Pazour et al., 2002; Baker et al., 2003; Follit et al., 2006). These experiments verified the expression of all five IFT proteins in the murine retina (Fig. S1, A and B). The antibodies to four IFT proteins each recognized a single band of expected size in retinal prot ...
The control of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca content in cardiac muscle
... fore the larger the Ca transient, the faster the inactivation of Ca entry and therefore the smaller the Ca entry. Second, an increase in the amplitude of the Ca transient increases the efflux of Ca from the cell as NCX is more strongly activated. The net result is therefore that an increase in the a ...
... fore the larger the Ca transient, the faster the inactivation of Ca entry and therefore the smaller the Ca entry. Second, an increase in the amplitude of the Ca transient increases the efflux of Ca from the cell as NCX is more strongly activated. The net result is therefore that an increase in the a ...
Neutrophils injure cultured skeletal myotubes
... microscopy were performed on several control cultures (myotubes only) and on cultures containing both neutrophils (nonin vitro-stimulated) and myotubes (E:T ratio of 5). Because of the severity of the neutrophil-mediated myotube injury at E:T ratios greater than five, an E:T ratio of five was used f ...
... microscopy were performed on several control cultures (myotubes only) and on cultures containing both neutrophils (nonin vitro-stimulated) and myotubes (E:T ratio of 5). Because of the severity of the neutrophil-mediated myotube injury at E:T ratios greater than five, an E:T ratio of five was used f ...
A Unique Role for Kv3 Voltage-Gated Potassium Channels in
... Recent studies provide compelling evidence that starburst cells indeed play a key role in the generation of direction selectivity. Specific elimination of starburst cells, either through pharmacological manipulation or genetic targeting, abolishes the selectivity of DS cells (Yoshida et al., 2001; A ...
... Recent studies provide compelling evidence that starburst cells indeed play a key role in the generation of direction selectivity. Specific elimination of starburst cells, either through pharmacological manipulation or genetic targeting, abolishes the selectivity of DS cells (Yoshida et al., 2001; A ...
Research
... To ask if loss/inactivation of the functional HIS4 allele accounted for the His auxotrophy in selected GLH isolates, we attempted to transform these strains with plasmid pRMH1 which carries the HIS4 gene from strain 1001 of C. albicans and complements a his4 null homozygote in a wild-type background ...
... To ask if loss/inactivation of the functional HIS4 allele accounted for the His auxotrophy in selected GLH isolates, we attempted to transform these strains with plasmid pRMH1 which carries the HIS4 gene from strain 1001 of C. albicans and complements a his4 null homozygote in a wild-type background ...
Regulation of the Eukaryotic Redox-State through - diss.fu
... Cells which use aerobic metabolism gain more ATP per mole glucose, but also have to face the toxic side effects of oxygen. The mitochondrial electron transport chain is always somewhat “leaky”, leading to direct one-electron transfer to molecular oxygen and to the formation of the superoxide anion r ...
... Cells which use aerobic metabolism gain more ATP per mole glucose, but also have to face the toxic side effects of oxygen. The mitochondrial electron transport chain is always somewhat “leaky”, leading to direct one-electron transfer to molecular oxygen and to the formation of the superoxide anion r ...
Presentation - MIT Lincoln Laboratory
... • Therefore, in a single cycle: • State is updated (event is committed) ...
... • Therefore, in a single cycle: • State is updated (event is committed) ...
VASCULAR TISSUE DIFFERENTIATION AND
... evolved to have a variety of organizations (28). In a given cross section of primary stems and roots, the most prominent variation of anatomical structures among different species is the organization of vascular tissues. In the stems of woody plants, the vascular tissue, secondary xylem or wood, pro ...
... evolved to have a variety of organizations (28). In a given cross section of primary stems and roots, the most prominent variation of anatomical structures among different species is the organization of vascular tissues. In the stems of woody plants, the vascular tissue, secondary xylem or wood, pro ...
Application of the photocatalytic reaction of TiO2 to disinfection and
... which lead to high killing efficiency . Figure (2) shows that, in the first three experiments the number of bacterial cell was increased with time because once the bacteria have acclimatized to their new environment (such as aqueous solution) these bacteria will take part in the synthesis of the enz ...
... which lead to high killing efficiency . Figure (2) shows that, in the first three experiments the number of bacterial cell was increased with time because once the bacteria have acclimatized to their new environment (such as aqueous solution) these bacteria will take part in the synthesis of the enz ...
Dynamics of a=Tubulin Deacetylation in Intact Neurons
... method of Towbin et al. (1979). The nitrocellulose transfers were blocked with 4% BSA in Tris-buffered saline (TBS; 50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.6, 200 mM NaCl) and then probed with monoclonal antibodies specific for P-tubulin, total or-tubulin, acetylated ol-tubulin, or the middle-molecular-weight neurofil ...
... method of Towbin et al. (1979). The nitrocellulose transfers were blocked with 4% BSA in Tris-buffered saline (TBS; 50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.6, 200 mM NaCl) and then probed with monoclonal antibodies specific for P-tubulin, total or-tubulin, acetylated ol-tubulin, or the middle-molecular-weight neurofil ...
Redistribution of membrane proteins between the Golgi apparatus
... and movement of the ER network (Boevink et al., 1998; Liebe and Quader, 1994; Quader, 1990). Application of ¯uorescent protein technology has started to revolutionise plant cell biology and the study of the secretory pathway is no exception. It is now possible to observe in vivo the dynamic events o ...
... and movement of the ER network (Boevink et al., 1998; Liebe and Quader, 1994; Quader, 1990). Application of ¯uorescent protein technology has started to revolutionise plant cell biology and the study of the secretory pathway is no exception. It is now possible to observe in vivo the dynamic events o ...
PDF
... processes as diverse as patterning, PCP and organization of the actin cytoskeleton (Copp and Greene, 2010). Mutations in a number of genes that affect F-actin organization cause failure of closure of the cranial neural tube, including Shroom3 mutants, double mutants in the Abl Arg (Abl1 Abl2) genes, ...
... processes as diverse as patterning, PCP and organization of the actin cytoskeleton (Copp and Greene, 2010). Mutations in a number of genes that affect F-actin organization cause failure of closure of the cranial neural tube, including Shroom3 mutants, double mutants in the Abl Arg (Abl1 Abl2) genes, ...
Escaping Underground Nets: Extracellular DNases Degrade
... for full virulence and normal colonization of its host plants. This work reveals that, like animal pathogens, the plant pathogen R. solanacearum can overcome a DNA-based host defense system with secreted enzymes. ...
... for full virulence and normal colonization of its host plants. This work reveals that, like animal pathogens, the plant pathogen R. solanacearum can overcome a DNA-based host defense system with secreted enzymes. ...
Mitosis
Mitosis is a part of the cell cycle in which chromosomes in a cell nucleus are separated into two identical sets of chromosomes, each in its own nucleus. In general, mitosis (division of the nucleus) is often followed by cytokinesis, which divides the cytoplasm, organelles and cell membrane into two new cells containing roughly equal shares of these cellular components. Mitosis and cytokinesis together define the mitotic (M) phase of an animal cell cycle—the division of the mother cell into two daughter cells, genetically identical to each other and to their parent cell.The process of mitosis is divided into stages corresponding to the completion of one set of activities and the start of the next. These stages are prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. During mitosis, the chromosomes, which have already duplicated, condense and attach to fibers that pull one copy of each chromosome to opposite sides of the cell. The result is two genetically identical daughter nuclei. The cell may then divide by cytokinesis to produce two daughter cells. Producing three or more daughter cells instead of normal two is a mitotic error called tripolar mitosis or multipolar mitosis (direct cell triplication / multiplication). Other errors during mitosis can induce apoptosis (programmed cell death) or cause mutations. Certain types of cancer can arise from such mutations.Mitosis occurs only in eukaryotic cells and the process varies in different organisms. For example, animals undergo an ""open"" mitosis, where the nuclear envelope breaks down before the chromosomes separate, while fungi undergo a ""closed"" mitosis, where chromosomes divide within an intact cell nucleus. Furthermore, most animal cells undergo a shape change, known as mitotic cell rounding, to adopt a near spherical morphology at the start of mitosis. Prokaryotic cells, which lack a nucleus, divide by a different process called binary fission.